Experimental validation of inter-subspecific genetic diversity in rice represented by the differences between the DNA sequences of ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇

The pedigrees of three sequenced rice cultivars were analyzed to show that a majority of the genetic composition of ＇Nipponbare＇ originates from japonica cultivars while the minority originates from indica cultivars. In contrast, ＇93-11＇ is derived mainly from indica cultivars with a smaller contribution from japonica cultivars. All ancestors of ＇Guang lu ai 4＇ appeared to be indica lines. A set of molecular markers （46 InDels and 53 SSRs） polymorphic between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ were examined in 46 typical indica and 47 typical japonica cultivars selected from 443 accessions according to Cheng＇s index. All cultivars were divided into indica and japonica groups without overlapping when clustered by Cheng＇s index, InDels and SSRs. Much higher InDel and SSR diversity between groups than within groups implies that the marker polymorphisms between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ represent a large proportion of inter-subspecific diversity. About 85% of indica cultivars and more than 90% of japonica cultivars were confirmed to have the same PCR banding patterns as ＇93-11＇ and ＇Nipponbare＇, respectively. Some polymorphic loci between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ cannot be validated in other indica and japonica cultivars, either as subspecies-specific but not predominant alleles, or alleles not specific between the two groups. It was concluded that molecular markers developed from sequence polymorphism between ＇Nipponbare＇ and ＇93-11＇ often represent inter-subspecific diversity, although some exceptions were sensitive to either particular marker loci or particular cultivars.     

La（Ⅲ）与脱氧核糖核苷酸的相互作用

用高效液相色谱解析Ｌａ（Ⅲ）分别与单个脱氧核糖核苷酸反应、与碱基对互补的５＇－ｄＡＭＰ和５＇－ｄＴＭＰ、５＇－ｄＣＭＰ和５＇－ｄＧＭＰ反应、与４种脱氧核糖核苷酸共存体系反应的产物。从色谱峰的变化。证明了在ｐＨ６．５、室温条件下,Ｌａ（Ⅲ）可与单个的５＇－ｄＧＭＰ作用;不与单个的５＇－ｄＡＭＰ、５＇－ｄＴＭＰ、５＇－ｄＣＭＰ相作用,但在５＇－ｄＡＭＰ和５＇－ｄＴＭＰ共存时,Ｌａ（Ⅲ）使５＇－ｄＡＭＰ     

Exsolution microstructures in ultrahigh-pressure rocks: Progress, controversies and challenges

Exsolution microstructures in minerals of rocks from orogenic belts played an important role in recognition of ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphism in their host rocks by defining the subduction depth and improving our understanding of the dynamics during the subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks. However, it is a challenging scientific topic to distinguish the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and decipher their geological implications. This paper describes the subtle differences between the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ and the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and summarizes the progress in studies of exolution microstructures from UHP rocks and mantle rocks of ultra-deep origin. We emphasize distinguishing the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ based on their geometric topotaxy and chemistry. In order to decipher correctly the exsolution microstructures, it is crucial to understand the changes of chemistry and habits of host minerals with pressure and temperature, Therefore, it is important to combine observations of exsolution microstructure in natural rocks with experimental results at high pressure and temperature and results of micro-scale analyses. Such studies will improve our understanding of the UHP metamorphism and cast new lights on solid geoscience issues such as deep subduction of continental crusts and crust-mantle interactions.     

Their “Trifling” and Tragic Lives——Similarities between Mrs. Wright and Ms Alva

The two short plays, Susan Glaspell＇s Trifles and Tennessee Williams＇This Property Is Condemned, successfully depicted both Mrs. Wright＇s and Ms Alva＇s seemingly trifling but tragic lives with great profound meanings. We could see many similarities, which show the common situation of the women.     

Aristotle and His Idea on Imitation

Aristotle＇s contribution to art and literature is significant. His idea on imitation is a fundamental theory for further literacy critics This paper compares Aristotle＇s theory on imitation with Plato＇s, and summaries Aristotle＇s contributions to the field of art.     

四硝基二苯基硫及其衍生物与混酸反应的研究

本文通过对四硝基二苯基硫及其衍生物与混酸反应的研究,发现在混酸作用下,四硝基二苯基硫及其生物主要发生氧化反应而不是硝化反应。因此,四硝基二苯基硫及其衍生物与混酸反应得不到硝化产物。本文还合成了未见文献报道的5,5＇-二氯-2,2,＇4,4＇-四硅基二苯基亚,5,5＇-二乙酰胺基-2,2＇,4,4＇-四硅基二苯基硫,5,5＇-=乙酰胺基-2,2＇,4,4＇-四硝基二苯基亚砜。     

日本語では‘なぃで’与‘なくて’の区别

日语中‘なぃで’与‘なくて＇ 的区别目前为止已经有很多学者研究过。本文将通过对比 ＇なぃで＇,＇なくて＇各自的用法,加入大量的例句来进行学习研究。     

平喘酮立体化学的研究

平喘酮又名１，１＇－双异薄荷酮，它的２个几何异构体经立体化学研究证明：θｍｐ＝１６６－１６８℃的异构体是内消旋１，１＇－双异薄荷酮，其构型为１Ｒ，１＇Ｓ，４Ｓ，４＇Ｒ．θｍｐ＝１３７－１３９℃的异构体是外消旋１，１＇－双异薄荷酮，它的构型为（＋）旋光异构体是１Ｒ，１＇Ｒ，４Ｒ，４＇Ｓ，（一）旋光异构体是１Ｓ，１＇Ｓ，４Ｒ，４＇Ｒ．     

2类2-A＇da＇m自补有向环形网络

环形网络是图论中一类重要的图,这类图结构简单,并且有很好的性质．近年来中外图论学者提出了许多关于环形网络的研究成果,其中有些是关于A＇da＇m自补有向环形网络的．现在再提出2个无限类2-A＇da＇m自补有向环形网络．     

信仰的捍卫者——对霍桑短篇小说·牧师的黑面纱·中胡波牧师的人物解读（英文）

Hawthorne＇s ＂The Minister＇s Black Veil＂is regarded as one of the earliest and greatest American short stories. Hawthorne＇sintended meaning with the tale has been the subject of considerable debate, with critics＇various interpretations. Based on close textual analysis, thispaper has formed a positive evaluation on the personality of Mr. Hooper, the minister with a black veil.     

不同饲养条件对恒河猴脱毛恢复的影响

目的探讨不同饲养条件对恒河猴脱毛恢复的影响,找出影响恒河猴脱毛的因素。方法比较不同饲养环境下恒河猴脱毛的恢复状况。结果半开放式饲养条件下,恒河猴脱毛恢复状况明显好于大栏式饲养条件。结论半开放式饲养条件有利于恒河猴的脱毛恢复,改进饲养管理条件是改善恒河猴脱毛的重要途径。     

Artin半格与Noether半格

文章给出了半格理想的一组性质,证明了半格理想的无限交仍是该半格理想。在某种条件下,半格理想的无限并亦是该半格的理想。引入关于半格理想的极小条件、极大条件、降链条件与升链条件等有限条件,并证明了文章中所给出的有限条件在同态映射下的不变性。     

相对Semicocritical模

TatswoIzawa曾给出了相对Noetherian条件、相对Artinian条件及相对co-criti-cal模的概念,研究了相对合成列,用同调代数的方法,对链条件和相对链条件进行了讨论,得到了模为相对Semicocritical模的充要条件     

函数单调性判定定理的推广

将函数单调性判定定理中函数在某个区间可导的条件减弱至Dini导数存在,并利用新的证明方法将原有定理的充分条件进行了推广,得到了新的充分条件、必要条件和充要条件。     

应力对纤维增强塑料排烟内筒耐腐蚀性能的影响

针对燃煤电厂烟囱纤维增强塑料排烟内筒工程中应用的纤维增强复合材料试样S-1设置了5种实验条件,即条件A（静态浸泡）、条件B（Ⅰ型应变,应变4.61%）、条件C（Ⅰ型应变+静态浸泡）、条件D（Ⅱ型应变,应变5.89%）、条件E（Ⅱ型应变+静态浸泡）,以探究不同实验条件下试样性能的变化。力学性能测试结果表明：不同实验条件下,试样力学性能出现了不同程度的下降,相对于条件B,试样在条件D下弯曲强度保留率、拉伸强度保留率分别下降了2.98%、9.52%;相对于条件C,试样在条件E下弯曲强度保留率、拉伸强度保留率分别下降了5.92%、4.42%。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究发现,试样S-1在条件E下经90 d的实验周期后,表面破坏较为严重,有明显的纤维拔出现象,巴氏硬度测试也表明试样在不同条件下的表面状态发生了变化。红外图谱结果表明,试样在条件E下的水解程度大于条件C。     

直喷汽油机涡轮增压性能匹配的三线工况数值模拟法

涡轮增压器与汽油机数值匹配的传统研究主要侧重于外特性工况,但单一的外特性工况匹配合理不能保证涡轮增压器与汽油机在整个工作范围都匹配合理。针对涡轮增压器数值匹配过程中仅研究外特性工况的局限,阐述了三线工况法的基本原理,通过GT-Power软件建立一款直喷涡轮增压汽油机的全负荷热力学模型,并将该模型向部分负荷工况扩展为适用于三线工况法的热力学模型,最后将热力学模型应用于3款增压器的匹配研究。结果表明:三线工况法可直观地反映出原增压器与发动机在整个工作范围的匹配问题,利用此评价方法重新选配增压器后,可提升增压器与发动机在整个工作范围的匹配性能。三线工况法克服了仅研究外特性工况的局限,为预选及优化增压器提供了一种数值评价方法。     

区域中心城市区位选择的模型研究--以嘉兴市为例

借鉴图论的有关做法,结合威尔逊空间相互作用模型,构建区域中心城市区位选择的模型,从而试图定量分析封闭和开放两种条件下区域中心城市的适宜区位.从模型中可以看出,在封闭条件下区域中心城市适宜区位趋于区域的地理中心,而在开放条件下区域中心城市适宜区位趋于主导联系方向.作者选取浙江省嘉兴市对模型进行实证分析,分别考察了封闭和开放两种条件下嘉兴区域中心城市适宜区位的变化趋势.     

Q235钢在含有硫酸盐还原菌的海水中的腐蚀行为研究

近来,海洋环境中的微生物腐蚀受到广泛的重视。为了更好地理解微生物腐蚀的机理,采用腐蚀电位、极化曲线法、交流阻抗法、扫描电镜法对低碳钢Q235在灭菌海水中、接种硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）的海水中的不同腐蚀行为进行了研究分析. 实验结果表明,在含有SRB的海水中,碳钢的自腐蚀电位有较大的负移,最终达到－740mv左右逐渐稳定,相对在无菌海水中的腐蚀而言,腐蚀电流密度变大,极化电阻减小,加速了低碳钢的腐蚀速度。经微生物腐蚀后,低碳钢表面出现大量的腐蚀孔,发生了严重的孔蚀行为。总的来说低碳钢在海水中有很强的腐蚀性,尤其是在海水中存在SRB的情况下会加速金属的腐蚀速度。     

多目标规划弱有效解的一个必要条件

针对具有等式和不等式约束的多目标规划的弱有效解，在相对较弱的条件下给出了一个介于著名的Fritz—John条件与Kuhn—Tucker条件之间新的必要条件。     

关于循环系的强平坦覆盖的一个推广(英文)

设S是幺半群,I是S的一个理想.利用理想I定义了条件(E_I),则条件(E)成为它的特殊情形.给出了循环系满足条件(E_I)的充分必要条件,并研究了所有循环系具有(E_I)-覆盖的幺半群的刻画.