水轮机通流部件表面磨损波纹与湍流边界层中的不稳定波

应用小扰动理论对近壁湍流粘性子层中的流动进行了稳定性分析，通过讨论其与湍流核心区相干结构的关系，提出一个简化的湍流相干结构模式即小扰动作用下近似连续分布的Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ－Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ涡层的不稳定波状运动结构；运用此模式简要分析了稀疏颗粒在湍流边界层中的运动。结果表明，相干结构对颗粒的运动及磨损波纹的形成起了支配性的作用。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠夏季近地面层湍流特征与热量和动量输送差异及成因研究

利用2016年7月新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站近地面层大气湍流实验观测资料,采用涡动相关、象限分析和频谱分析等方法,研究塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地强热力作用下近地面层湍流特征,对比分析热量输送与动量输送的差异,探讨输送差异的成因和物理机制。研究结果表明,近中性层结条件下,塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地近地面层湍流运动对热量和动量的输送作用类似;随着大气不稳定度增加,热量与动量的输送差异增大。在强热力条件下,湍流运动对热量的输送效率较高,但对动量的输送存在较大的随机性。输送差异形成的原因与湍流相干结构密切相关,在不稳定层结条件下,湍流相干结构以热羽为主,能够引起位温和垂直速度的同相位变化,但较难引起水平速度的相应变化。湍流运动的动力和热力响应物理机制不同,是热量与动量的输送差异及其随大气不稳定度增强而增大的主要原因。     

用Lagrange方法分析颗粒在湍流场中的运动

用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方法推导了固体小颗粒在湍流场中的无因次运动方程，给出了该方程的一个线性微分方程形式。求解了颗粒在湍流场中的湍流运动特性，包括颗粒的能量频谱、颗粒速度方均值、Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ相关函数及颗粒的湍流扩散，同时给出了颗粒线性微分运动方程的通解。     

用Lagrange方法分析颗粒在湍流场中的运动

用Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方法推导了固体小颗粒在湍流场中无因次运动方程，给出了该方程的一个线性微分方程形式。求解了颗粒在湍流场中的湍流运动特性，包括颗粒的能量频谱，颗粒速度方均值，Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ相关函数及颗粒的湍流扩散，同时给出了颗粒线性微分运动方程的通解。     

钝体尾流的双重小波包分解

根据湍流相干结构和非相干结构不相关的特性，提出了一种钝体尾流双重小波包分解的新算法，将湍流的运动分解成相干分量和非相干分量，该算法以湍流相干分量和非相干分量的相关系数作为迭代的控制指标，减小了过去算法中的随意性，用该算法对大长宽比的钝体尾流三维超声波流速仪测量数据的分析表明：1)钝体间距与宽度之比大于4时，钝体间的相互影响可以忽略不计；2)流线型的钝体尾流紊动强度较小。     

湍流相干结构对边界层中标量扩散的影响

在大气边界层风洞和玻璃水槽中进行湍流边界层流动中的标量扩散模拟试验和机理研究．通过流动显示、湍流测量和频谱分析，已表明湍流边界层中的间歇现象在标量扩散过程中起着重要作用．烟雾在大气中的扩散、悬浮污染物质在河流中的扩散都属于湍流边界层中的标量扩散问题．在近源区，标量扩散主要受到各向异性湍流相干结构的影响，结果往往在近源区会出现局部的较高浓度的污染物质．采用流动显示和频谱分析相结合的研究方法，得到了在某些流动条件下的湍流相干结构时间和空间尺度近似值     

基于小波及Hilbert-Huang变换提取壁湍流相干结构

为了研究壁湍流中的相干结构,在直流抽吸式低（变）湍流度风洞的实验段中,应用恒温热线风速仪IFA-300精确测量平板湍流边界层不同法向位置的流向速度信号.分析壁湍流脉动速度的概率密度分布,并与高斯分布比较,验证了壁湍流中相干结构引起的猝发现象的统计规律.提出了一种利用小波变换和Hilbert-Huang（HHT）变换相结合来提取相干结构的方法.对壁湍流脉动速度进行HHT变换,通过变换后各模态的能量分析,分离出主要含能模态对应的相干结构.利用小波重构法继续提取未分离的小尺度相干结构.对剩余湍流信号进行概率统计,并比较提取的全部相干结构与原始湍流信号的波形和HHT边际谱,验证了湍流信号既包含非随机的相干结构信号也包含随机的非相干信号.     

壁湍流相干结构猝发过程中雷诺应力的相位平均波形

用IFA300恒温热线风速仪和×形二分量热线探针精细测量了风洞中平板湍流边界层不同法向位置的瞬时流向、法向速度分量的时间序列信号. 用子波变换对瞬时流向、法向速度分量进行多尺度分解. 用子波分析辨识壁湍流相干结构猝发事件的能量最大准则检测壁湍流相干结构猝发事件的上抛和下扫运动; 研究了相干结构猝发过程中流向、法向速度分量及雷诺应力的条件相位平均波形的相位关系; 研究了相干结构猝发的动力学过程及其对壁湍流统计性质的影响.     

壁面局部扰动激发湍流边界层近壁区相干结构的一种理论模式探讨

在壁面局部扰动作用下,应用直接数值模拟的方法,研究探讨了湍流边界层近壁区相干结构形成的一种理论模式．数值结果表明,固壁表面某个局部位置存在的某种局部扰动能激发出湍流边界层近壁区的相干结构,其形成机理的许多方面与直接数值模拟和实验结果相符,且演化规律和特性与壁面局部扰动的强度、结构分布及加入到近壁区域内的局部扰动的能量多少等因素密切相关,这些关键性参数在湍流边界层近壁区相干结构成因的过程中起着重要的作用．因此,壁面局部扰动不仅给出了激发湍流边界层近壁区相干结构形成机制的一种理论方法,而且也完善了湍流边界层相干结构产生的物理模型．     

平面湍流射流拟序结构与颗粒的双向耦合作用

运用大涡模拟方法研究了气粒两相平面湍流射流中拟序结构与颗粒间的双向耦合作用。在考虑颗粒相的反作用后，气相运动采用Smagorinsky提出的亚网格尺度模型模拟，颗粒相运动采用Lagrangian方法跟踪。在不同的质量携带率条件下，对Stokes数等于2．5的颗粒，考察了颗粒相对气相流场拟序结构的反作用以及颗粒自身的运动扩散特性，发现了颗粒对流场的反作用存在两面性：低质量携带率的颗粒在流场发展的初期阶段延迟了湍流拟序结构的发展；对于质量携带率较高的情况，在流场发展到一定阶段后则促进了湍流拟序结构的发展，颗粒的扩散反过来也得到了相应的加强，形成了气粒两相间的“共振”。此外，颗粒对流场的反作用随着颗粒质量携带率的增加而增大。     

Simulation of wind gust structure in the atmospheric boundary layer with Lattice Boltzmann Method

Cold fronts occur in northern East Asia during winter and spring.After cold frontal passage,airflow is downward and accompa-nying strong winds fluctuate significantly;this is termed wind gusts.Analysis of observation data shows that wind gust structure has coherent characteristics.This is important for entrainment of spring dust storms into the upper boundary layer,where they are transported great distances.The Lattice Boltzmann Method(LBM) is a computational fluid technique based on the Boltzmann transport equation.The LBM has been used to study complex motion such as turbulence,because it describes motion at the micro level.In this paper,Large eddy simulation is introduced in the LBM,enabling simulation of turbulent flow in the atmospheric boundary layer.The formation and development of wind gusts are simulated,and a coherent structure with a combination of wave and vortex is obtained.This explains the mechanism of soil erosion and sand entrainment by the coherent structure of wind gusts.     

Stochastic modeling the effect of wind gust on dust entrainment during sand storm

After the passage of a cold front,spring in northern China the outbreak of strong wind is often accompanied by dust emissions.Owing to the coherent structure of wind gust,dust particles can effectively overcome the systematic descending air motion and penetrate into the middle and upper levels of the atmospheric boundary layer,and then propagate further and diffuse into the troposphere where ascending air motion prevails.Here,we consider the coherent structure of wind gust in LS models,and construct a model suitable for the dust entrainment under the dust-storm canopy.With the parameter of gust,we simulate the dust entrainment during dust storms,and test that the coherent structures of wind gust make the sand particles to reach the upper of the boundary layer.     

湍流相干结构与壁压强脉动关联的小波分析

在风洞中同时测量平板湍流边界层的速度和壁面脉动压强,用小波分析法结合能量最大判别准则确定湍流边界层相干结构的时间尺度和壁压强脉动的时间尺度之间的关系．结果表明：压强脉动信号的小波能谱最大值对应的时间尺度与湍流边界层相干结构的特征尺度接近,可以利用壁面压强脉动信号的分析结果间接反映经过边界层的相干结构的时间特征．本研究选择复数Morlet小波作为小波母函数,有较好的分辨率．     

Research into a theoretical mode of coherent structures in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer induced by a wall local disturbance

The idea of applying direct numerical simulation (DNS), a theoretical mode of coherent structures in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer, has been discussed in the literature. The various aspects of the formation mechanism of the coherent structures agree well with both DNS and experimental results. In addition, a close relationship has been found between the evolutional characteristics and factors such as the magnitude and structural distribution of the wall local impulse disturbance, and the amount of energy a local disturbance introduces into the wall region. Moreover, these parameters play key roles in the formation of coherent structures near the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer. Therefore, the wall local impulse disturbance provides a theoretical model for triggering the formation of coherent structures in the wall region of a turbulent boundary layer.     

湍流边界层多尺度相干结构的子波自相关辨识

采用热线风速仪测量平板湍流边界层的流向速度信号,运用连续子波变换的自相关分析,研究边界层相 干结构的变化规律,提出了子波尺度与涡时间尺度关系的计算式．结果显示,相干结构在时空中呈多尺度分布,在 对数区集中在较大尺度,在缓冲区扩展到较小尺度,越靠近黏性底层,拟序运动越明显,并向更小尺度发展;广泛存 在的相关性很弱的小尺度涡成为数量巨大、含能很少的背景湍流．子波变换的自相关分析可以定性,也可定量显示 涡的时空特性,是研究湍流多尺度相干结构的有效方法．     

Large Eddy Simulation of New Vortex Generator Enhancing Heat Exchange of Solar Energy

This paper put forward a new-type vortex generator enhancing heat exchange of solar air-drier and air-heater on the gas side,and investigated the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement and drag reduction by the influence of vortex generators on the coherent structure of turbulent boundary layer.The flow and heat transfer characteristics of rectangle channel with bevel-cut half-elliptical column vortex generators were obtained using large eddy simulation (LES) and the hydromechanics software FLUENT6.3.The instantaneous proper-ties of velocity,temperature and pressure in channel were gained.The coherent structure of turbulent boundary layer flow was showed, and the characteristic of vortex induced by inclined-cut semi-ellipse vortex generator and its influence on turbulent coherent structure were analyzed.And the effect mechanism of turbulent coherent structure on flow field,pressure field and temperature field was discussed.Based on the results,the heat trans-fer coefficient and drag reduction of the new vortex generator with different pitch angles were compared.Some-times.the coherent effects of the increased wall heat transfer and the decreased skin friction do not satisfy theReynolds analogy.The turbulent coherent structure can be controlled through the geometry of the vortex gener-ator.so the heat transfer and drag reduction can also be controlled.Then we can seek suitable form of vortex generator and structure parameters.in order to achieve the enhanced heat transfer and flow of drag reduction in the solar air-heater and solar air-drier.     

Stochastic method to determine the scale and anomalous diffusion of gusts in a windy atmospheric boundary layer

In the atmospheric boundary layer, especially during strong wind period, the coherent structures are obvious and related to the direct interaction of the air masses with the ground. In this paper, we used the observation data during dust weather in Northwest Gansu to study the coherent structure and their ＂anomalous diffusion＂. The structures in the atmospheric boundary layer included turbulent fluctuations and gusty wind disturbances, and could be denoted as ＂critical events＂. Their fractal dimensions were expressed by the complex index μ of waiting times. Although the complex index can indicate the ability of the system to generate coherent structures, it has a strong dependence on the threshold marking the ＂critical events＂. Hence, the continuous time random walk method was used to analyze the coherent structures. The scaling law of anomalous diffusion of coherent structures was obtained, and the diffusion scaling exponent H that indicated the ability of diffusion of different structures was analyzed. The exponents changed with structure scales which were affected by velocities and heights. At small scales, it was almost isotropic, and at large scales, the coherent structures were obvious and the diffusion was anomalous.     

吹吸扰动对湍流边界层多尺度相干结构的影响

用IFA-300热线风速仪以高于对应最小湍流时间尺度的分辨率，精细测量了风洞中施加局部周期性吹吸扰动平板湍流边界层近壁区域不同法向和流向位置的瞬时速度的时间序列信号．对平板湍流的扰动是通过平板上沿展向分布的一条窄缝引入的正弦振荡产生的．用子波分析对壁湍流脉动速度信号进行多尺度分解，用子波系数的瞬时强度因子和平坦因子检测壁湍流多尺度相干结构，并提取不同尺度相干结构的条件相位平均波形，研究不同频率的吹吸扰动对平板湍流边界层多尺度相干结构的影响，结果表明，扰动对边界层近壁区域平均速度分布、能量随尺度分布以及多尺度相干结构及其条件相位平均波形，都有显著影响，其中32Hz扰动影响最大．     

湍流边界层中单颗粒的运动方程

由任意流场中颗粒的运动规律出发,详细分析了颗粒在边界层内的受力,并结合边界层内特有的流动规律,推导出了湍流边界层中单颗粒的运动模型.其数值计算的结果与实测值进行比较,结果吻合的很好.