大型风电机组滑动式偏航系统制动过程机电耦合特性规律

偏航系统是连接风电机组叶轮与塔筒承载部件,其偏航运动受气-机-电-液耦合作用,通过对偏航系统机电特性分析,开展了偏航力矩载荷力学分析计算,基于四种典型的极限工况,对工况发生历程中偏航力矩变化规律进行分析,重点对偏航运行制动及偏航静止制动特性进行研究,研究表明：电机制动速度控制阀值、制动响应时长、尾部制动时长是滑动式偏航系统制动特性主要考虑因素,确定滑动系统配合以变频控制偏航方式,采用失电制动模式为最优选择,制动电机速度可降低至35%。而在偏航静止制动状态下,相比于驱动个数的增加,制动力矩增大对改善偏航滑移最为明显,产生偏航瞬时发生转动角度更小,但输出小齿冲击受载更大。     

基于损耗计算的风电偏航策略研究

为有效进行偏航控制,降低偏航成本,本文在介绍偏航系统工作原理的基础上,把风力发电机偏航系统控制策略分为重启对风策略和执行对风策略。文章在执行对风策略方面采用的是基于爬山算法的偏航系统控制策略,重启对风策略方面采用的偏航误差角θ和时延阈值T的整定判断,并考虑风电机组运行维护成本和偏航轴承成本等因素提出偏航损耗的计算公式。通过仿真分析,表明该方法有效可行,从而提高偏航系统周期综合经济效益。     

风力发电机组偏航余压动态控制分析

某风电场水平轴风力发电机组在大风条件下偏航控制运行过程中频繁报振动类故障,导致多台机组故障停机,降低了整个风场的可利用率.通过对机组故障数据进行分析发现,机组的加速度在偏航动作时存在瞬时突变,导致机组容易触发振动加速度超限,且机组在偏航过程中存在机舱"跑飞"现象.为了解决该问题,对机组偏航控制逻辑进行分析,给出了偏航卡钳制动力与偏航余压关系,确认了偏航液压不足是引起该故障的根源.通过给定动态偏航余压控制方式,解决了偏航过程中振动过大情况、偏航过程中"跑飞"现象以及偏航加速度跳变问题.     

主动偏航过程兆瓦级风机偏航系统失稳振动特性

根据兆瓦级风机偏航系统主动偏航原理,建立兆瓦级风机偏航系统振动模型,并在引入摩擦失稳阻尼比的基础上对主动偏航过程兆瓦级风机偏航系统摩擦失稳进行仿真研究和实验验证.研究结果表明:过大的预紧力矩和过大的静摩擦因数是导致偏航系统产生失稳振动现象的主要因素,而较合理的静摩擦因数和预紧力矩可有效避免主动偏航过程兆瓦级风机偏航系统摩擦失稳现象发生.     

兆瓦级风力发电机组偏航系统主动偏航特性分析

针对兆瓦级风力机偏航动作时剧烈振动问题,本文根据兆瓦级风机偏航系统主动偏航原理,在ADAMS中建立了兆瓦级风力发电机偏航系统虚拟样机动力学仿真模型.兆瓦级风力发电机组偏航系统主动偏航振动分析结果表明,偏航系统前四阶扭转振动的固有频率分别为17.694 7Hz,55.816 6Hz,85.141 2Hz,170.182 3Hz.动力学仿真分析结果表明,主机架在偏航运动的结束阶段存在剧烈的来回振荡现象,且振动的幅值达到了0.15rad,振动衰减的时间超过了20s,通过在主机架上加反馈控制可快速消除兆瓦级风机偏航系统来回振荡现象.     

高原地区风机偏航系统防雷技术研究

高原地区雷击频繁,应用于高原地区的风机因雷击造成巨大损失,风机偏航系统就是经常遭到雷击的部件。为保证风机偏航系统安全运行,从高原地区雷电特性、风机偏航遭雷击过程分析、冲击波冲击风机试验三方面讨论高原地区电机偏航系统防雷问题,得到风机偏航系统遭受雷电冲击时造成损坏是因雷电流过大,偏航系统发热严重,感应电流过大的原因。提出了通过保证雷电流泄放路径的畅通,减小接地电阻,增设避雷带,在风叶与偏航系统之间增加绝缘层减小雷电对偏航系统的损害。     

小型风机主动偏航系统的模型分析和算法研究

针对小型风机风能利用率低且偏航不稳定等问题,通过分析20kW风机主动偏航系统的齿轮链条结构,建立齿轮链条结构模型,进行模型分析;提出了一种参数自整定模糊PID算法,建立偏航系统模型并进行仿真,验证了20kW风机主动偏航系统结构的可行性及偏航算法的实用性.     

新型自适应舵的设计与仿真

以Ｎｏｍｏｔｏ模型为基础,应用带遗忘因子的递推式广义最小二乘算法,辨识模型参数,根据船舶偏航距离加权约束的广义方差性能指标,设计自适应控制器,并进行仿真研究,验证了其控制策略的有效性。     

兆瓦级风机偏航系统低速抖动运动学特性

针对兆瓦级风机偏航动作时低速抖动问题,采用机理建模的方法建立兆瓦级风机偏航系统低速抖动运动学特性模型并对其进行相应求解.研究结果表明:扭转刚度、偏航驱动转速、动静摩擦因数差、系统阻尼比和正压力是导致偏航系统产生低速抖动现象的主要因素,而较高的偏航系统刚度、不小于临界速度的合适驱动转速、合理的范围动静摩擦因数之差、较大的系统阻尼比、较小的安全预紧力矩等有利于消除兆瓦级风机偏航系统低速抖动现象.     

功率可回收的电液比例偏航阻尼装置的研究

该文论述了用于大型风电机组的功率可回收的电液比例偏航阻尼装置,它是一种新型偏航阻尼装置,介绍了其工作原理及其构成;当风机机舱偏航回转时,它驱动一由电液比例溢流阀加载的"液压泵-液压马达组合",由它为机舱在偏航时施以阻尼力矩,其阻尼力矩可以通过给电液比例阀发出的指令来改变,以使机舱的廻转更加平稳达到最佳的效果,而且驱动液压泵的功率可以大部分回收,减少了发热。该偏航阻尼装置为大型风电机组偏航制动系统增添了一种新的阻尼方式,经试验证明取得了良好的效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with