非活性马尾藻对水中Cd2+和Ni2+的生物吸附及脱附研究

【目的】以马尾藻粉为生物吸附剂,研究其在静态实验中对Cd2＋ 和Ni2＋ 的吸附及脱附能力,并对吸附速度、动力学、重金属选择性和吸附剂再生等问题进行探讨.【方法】采用单因素法分析pH 值、初始浓度、平衡离子类型等条件因素对重金属吸附容量的影响,采用准一级和准二级动力学模型对Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的吸附数据进行拟合.【结果】Cd2＋ 的最佳吸附条件为pH 值4.5、初始浓度500mg/L、平衡离子为NO3ˉ,Ni2＋ 的最佳吸附条件为pH 值3.0、初始浓度900mg/L、平衡离子为Clˉ;Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的吸附平衡到达时间分别为50min和25min;准二级动力学模型对吸附数据的拟合效果更好,相关系数（犚2 ）均大于0.99;对混合溶液中不同重金属的选择性吸附顺序为Pb2＋ 〉Ni2＋ 〉Cd2＋ 〉Mn2＋ ;1.0mol/L HCl对Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的理论洗脱率均可达到99%.【结论】马尾藻粉对Cd2＋ 和Ni2＋ 的吸附容量大,吸附条件温和,重金属脱附率高,是一种性能良好的生物吸附剂.     

NO adsorption study on the distribution of Ni2 + ions on the various micro-environments of carriers

The decrease of the electron density in the d orbits of Ni2+ ions, resulting from the disturbance of micro-environments in which Ni2+ ions are located, makes the frequency of adsorbed NO shift higher. The shift degree is determined mainly by the property of the microenvi-ronments. When Ni2+ ions are located on SII , SII · (SI ·) sites of Y zeolite or on the surface of γ-alumina, their NO adsorption gives rise to IR bands at 1 905, 1 900 and 1 855-1 875 cm-1, respectively. The distribution of Ni2 + ions on the various micro-environments of USY zeolite, AI2O3 and MS mixed carrier has also been discussed according to the different frequencies of adsorbed NO, as well as the influence of NiO loading.     

Synthesis and characterization of new calix[4]arene amino acid ester derivatives and their metal extraction properties

A new type of calix[4]arenes containing amino acid ester derivatives has been synthesized. Their¹H NMR characteristics are discussed. Metal ion extraction experimental has shown that calix[4]arene amino acid esters (2a, 2b) possess good extraction efficiency for transition metal ions (Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Zn²⁺) and poor extraction efficiency for alkali metal ions (Na⁺, K⁺). Foundation item: Supported by the Ziqang Science Foundation of Wuhan University Biography: MENG Ling-zhi(1947-), female, Associate professor.     

Subsolidus phase relations in the system MgO-ZnO-SiO2 at high pressure

The subsolidus phase relations were determined experimentally in the system MgO-ZnO-SiO2 at 1.0 GPa and 1 200℃, by use of the high-pressure apparatus "piston-cylinder". The results showed characteristics of the phases assemblage different from that in similar ternary systems. It is impossible to form complete Mg2SiO4-Zn2SiO4 olivine and Mg2Si2O6-Zn2Si2O6 pyroxene solid solution. This is controlled by the properties of Zn2+ with an outer layer of electron (Ar)3d10, different from others transition metal ions, like Fe2+ , Ni2+ , Co2+ .     

Electrochemical studies of glutathione monolayer assembled on a polycrystalline gold electrode

The glutathione (GSH) monolayer and complex monolayer of GSH-metallic ion on polycrystalline gold electrode were studied by using K₃Fe(CN)₆ as the redox probe. As for the GSH monolayer, it was found that the metallic ions could open the ion-gate in the monolayer dramatically in the order La³⁺> Pb²⁺>>Ba²⁺>Ca²⁺ whereas Zn²⁺ ion closed the ion-gate. The complexes of GSH-metallic ions were capable of self-assembling the different kind of monolayer. All the differences were related to the structural configuration of the anchored GSH molecule, which changed with different metallic ions or pH. Biography:Fang Cheng (1971-) male, Ph. D, research direction: electroanlysis.     

球形壳聚糖树脂对含重金属离子废水的吸附性能研究

系统研究了球形交联壳聚糖树脂及分子印迹壳聚糖树脂对去除水体中重金属离子的吸附特性。研究结果表明:壳聚糖树脂交联后,在酸中稳定性增强 ,可重复使用达10次,吸附容量没有明显降低;分子印迹壳聚糖树脂对Ni²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺等特定金属离子的吸附容量比非分子印迹壳聚糖树脂提高了1倍左右;同时球形交联壳聚糖树脂与商用吸附树脂相比,两者对Ni²⁺与柠檬酸镍的吸附容量相当。     

Sensitive Determination of DNA by RLS Enhancement of Metal Ions

0　IntroductionThequantitativeanalysisofnucleicacids,especiallythemi cro determinationofnucleicacids,isbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinmanybiologicalstudies.Recently ,apromisingspectraltechnique ,whichwasbasedonthemeasurementofen hancedresonancelightscattering (RLS) [1 ,2 ] ,hasgivenrisetostronginterestbyanalystsandbiochemistsfornucleicacidsandproteinassay[3 9] .Uptonow ,manykindscompoundshavebeenfoundRLSenhancementwhilebindingtoDNA ,andallthesecompoundsarecharacterizedofpositivechargewhicha…     

同步辐射XANES方法对FeCl3 水溶液的研究

利用X 射线近边吸收谱学(X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure, XANES)方法研究了不同浓度的FeCl₃ 水溶液中Fe³⁺离子的电子结构和近邻结构. 在不同浓度的FeCl₃ 水溶液的XANES 谱中, XANES 谱的形状随着FeCl₃ 浓度的不同而发生改变. 在XANES 谱的边前结构中观测到边前锋的分裂, 其分裂的能量差约为1.6 eV, 随着浓度的降低约有0.2 eV 的高能方向的位移, 此边前结构由1s-3d 轨道的电子跃迁引起, 双峰分裂来源于配位体配位引起的3d 轨道分裂. 随着FeCl₃ 浓度的改变, XANES 谱的主峰也发生变化, 此变化来源于溶液中Fe—Cl 配位与Fe—O 配位的比例变化. 另外, 利用量子化学计算的方法对于Fe³⁺与不同数目的H₂O 和Cl^?配位体络合时的构型进行了计算, 得到了Fe³⁺在水溶液中近邻结构的信息, 从另一方面解释了FeCl₃ 溶液中Fe³⁺离子3d 轨道分裂能的变化     

Antilocalization sensing of interactions between two-dimensional electrons and surface species

We apply antilocalization measurements to experimentally study the interactions and exchange between InAs surface accumulation electrons and local magnetic moments of the rare earth ions Sm3?,Gd3?,Ho3?,and Dy3?,of the transition metal ions Ni2?,Co2?,and Fe3?,and of Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine deposited on the surface.The influence of the deposited species on the surface electrons is observed through the changes in the spin–orbit scattering and magnetic spin-flip scattering rates,which carry information about magnetic interactions.Experiments indicate a temperature-dependent magnetic spin-flip scattering for Ho3?,Dy3?,Ni2?,and Co2?.Concerning the spin–orbit scattering rate,we observe an increase,except for the cases of Ni2?,Fe3?,Fe3O4nanoparticles and Fe3?-phthalocyanine.We also observe an increase in SO scattering in another system where we study the interactions of Au nanoparticles and ferromagnetic Co0.6Fe0.4nanopillars and an In0.53Ga0.47As quantum well.Experimental results are analyzed and compared to theoretical models.Our method provides a controlled way to probe the quantum properties of two-dimensional electron systems,either on the surface of InAs or in a quantum well.     

Flux-Bridgman growth and characterization of Mn-doped ZnO single crystals

Mn-doped ZnO single crystals have been grown by the flux-Bridgman method from a high temperature solution of 24% ZnO-76%PbF_2(molar fraction).A fast nucleation was induced by the gas-cooling system at the bottom of the Pt crucible.A red Mn.ZnO crystal up to 13 mm×15 mm×(3-4) mm was obtained.Powder XRD patterns showed that the as-grown crystals were in wurtzite structure.Electron Probe Microanalyser(EPMA) revealed that some PbF_2 inclusions formed due to fast nucleation.The additional Raman mode at 524 cm ' ...     

Photodegradation of bisphenol a induced by metal ions in aqueous solution in the presence of ascorbic acid

The photodegradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution containing metal ions and ascorbic acid (AsA) was investigated. After strong irradiation, the aqueous solution containing AsA and Cu²⁺ could produce hydroxyl radicals that induced the photodegradation of BPA. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA in the solution containing 70 μmol·L⁻¹ Cu²⁺ and 15 mg·L⁻¹ AsA reached 59% at pH 6.0 after 4 hours irradiation with high pressure mercury lamp. The photodegradation efficiency of BPA reached 10% after 4 hours irradiation with daylight lamp in the presence of 70 μmol·L⁻¹ Cu²⁺ and 15 mg·L⁻¹ ascorbic acid. BPA was not degraded in the aqueous solution only containing AsA or Cu²⁺. The BPA photodegradation in aqueous solution containing AsA and Fe³⁺ was weaker than in aqueous solution that containing AsA and Cu²⁺ at the same concentration. This work showed a new route of the BPA photodegradation in aqueous environment. Biography: PENG Zhang’e (1970–), female, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: aquatic environmental chemistry.     

Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from saprolite laterite ore by microwave-assisted hydrothermal leaching and chemical deposition

Extraction and separation of nickel and cobalt from saprolite laterite ore were studied by using a method of microwave-assisted hydrothermal leaching and chemical deposition. The effects of leaching temperature and time on the extraction efficiencies of Ni2+ and Co2+ were investigated in detail under microwave conditions. It is shown that the extraction efficiencies of Ni2+ and Co2+ from the ore pre-roasted at 300℃ for 5 h were 89.19% and 61.89% when the leaching temperature and time were about 70℃ and 60 min, respectively. For the separation process of Ni and Co, the separation of main chemical components was performed by adjusting the pH values of sulfuric leaching solutions using a NaOH solution based on the different pH values of precipitation for metal hydroxides. The final separation efficiencies of Ni and Co were 77.29% and 65.87%, respectively. Furthermore, the separation efficiencies of Fe of 95.36% and Mg of 92.2% were also achieved at the same time.     

Ni~(2+)含量对纳米晶Ni_xZn_(1-x)Fe_2O_4电磁性能的影响

以丙烯酰胺为聚合单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,通过高分子凝胶法制备了尖晶石型Ni_xZn_(1-x)Fe_zO_4(x=0,0.2,0.5,0.8和1)纳米晶.采用FT-IR,XRD,TEM和波导法对产物进行表征.结果表明,纳米晶Ni_xZn_(1-x)Fe_2O_4红外吸收峰的晶格常数和电磁性能强烈地依赖于Ni~(2+)含量,随着Ni~(2+)含量增加,红外光谱显示金属一氧离子(M-O)化学键的特征吸收峰出现了蓝移,该峰蓝移60 cm~(-1).通过TEM照片可知Ni_xZn_(1-x)Fe_2O_4的平均粒径随x的变化较小,x分别为0,0.5和1时,粒子的平均粒径分别为12,1...     

Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies on structures formed by telomeric DNA sequencesin vitro

Telomere plays an important role in cellular processes, such as cell aging, death and carcinogenisis. Having special sequences, it can form quadruplex structurein vitro. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic studies show that TTAGGG, (TTAGGG)₂ and (TTAGGG)₄ can all form quadruplexin vitro and exist mainly as parallel quadruplex without metal ions. Both K⁺ and Na⁺ can stabilize the tetrameric structure and facilitate the forming of anti-parallel conformation. Furthermore, the conformations of quadruplex can also be affected by sequence length, the nature and concentration of metal ions.     

Study on fragmentation behavior of taxoids by tandem mass spectrometry

We have studied the fragmentation behavior of positive and negative ions of taxol and 6/8/6 type taxoids, the influence of different substituents on fragmentation, and the correlativity between fragmentation patterns and structure by MS/MS technique with different ionization methods such as FAB-MS, ESI-MS, etc. We have also investigated in detail the fragmentation of various molecular-related ions, such as [M+H]⁺, [M+Na]⁺ and [M-H]⁻ ions, and the formation pathways of characteristic fragment ions. It has been found that there exists some competing reaction between the loss of C-13 side chain and decomposition by loss of acetic acid. In addition, by comparing CID spectra obtained with low- and high-energy collision, it is seen that CID-MS/MS with low-energy collision is more suitable for the study of the structural analysis of small molecules and drug metabolites. The experimental results demonstrate that MS/MS spectra can reflect more effectively the slight difference of structure between the related compounds and their structural characteristic features than MS spectra, and can also provide a beneficial analysis basis for these kinds of compounds.     

异丙醇-硫酸铵-PAN双水相萃取光度法测定镍(Ⅱ)

研究了异丙醇水溶液与(NH4)2SO4的双水相体系下,螯合剂PAN(1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚)与Ni 2+以及吐温80形成的缔合物在两相间的分配行为.结果表明,该缔合物的最大吸收波长为562nm,与PAN和异丙醇水溶液的混合液相比,最大吸收发生了97nm红移.应用该缔合物体系分离测定镍时,其线性范围为0.10~0.60mg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 2,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.7×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.利用该方法萃取测定Ni(Ⅱ)时,干扰离子铅(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)、铝(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)、钼(Ⅶ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、铬(Ⅶ)不被萃取,实现Ni(Ⅱ)与上述干扰离子的分离.     

Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+荧光体的缺陷及红色长余辉发光性质

采用高温固相法合成了红色长余辉材料Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+,实现了余辉发光中心和缺陷中心之间的能量传递。通过XRD、荧光发射和激发光谱、余辉发射光谱与衰减曲线、色坐标和热释光谱测试手段对Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+、Y2O2S:Eu3+,Ti4+、Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+和Y2O2S:Eu3+,Mg2+,Ti4+进行了结构与性能的表征,发现其荧光发射与余辉发射基本一致,红色余辉发光主峰位于625 nm附近,来源于Eu3+的5D0→7F2跃迁发射。相比而言,Y2O2S:Eu3+,Zn2+,Ti4+余辉发光性能最好,可持续1.5 h左右。     

特殊环境条件下复合重金属污染固化土中离子迁移特性分析

运用有限元软件建立二维轴对称分析模型,研究了重金属离子(Cu2+,Cd2+)在土壤中的迁移扩散规律,对比了单一重金属离子(Cu2+)和复合重金属(Cu-Cd)的迁移特性,分析了固化前后重金属的扩散规律,并考虑了温度和干湿作用的影响。结果表明:复合重金属在渗透过程中的迁移半径大于单一重金属离子的迁移半径;固化后的污染土对于重金属离子的扩散速率有着良好的控制作用,固化作用对单一重金属离子扩散的影响更为明显。环境温度对于重金属离子的扩散速率和范围呈现出正相关的影响;干湿循环作用下重金属离子的扩散范围明显增大。     

近红外发射荧光材料的研究

近红外发射材料在便携式近红外光谱仪、太阳能电池、光学通信、环境监测等领域有着潜在应用价值.其主要包含掺杂过渡金属离子(如Cr~(3+))、掺杂稀土离子(如Yb~(3+),Eu~(2+))的荧光粉以及半导体量子点(如Ag_2S,PbS).结合以上分类,介绍了近年来近红外发射材料的研究进展.     

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy on the B′2Σ+ and B2Π states of NS

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization （REMPI） spectra of N^32S and N^34S have been recorded in the range of 35700-40200 cm^-1. The radical was generated by a pulsed dc discharge of a mixture of SF6 and N2 under a supersonic free jet condition. All the 16 observed bands of N^32S radicals have been assigned, among which 12 bands belong to three transition progressions （v′=0-4, 0）, （v′=1-4, 1） and （v′=2-4, 2） from the X^2П ground state to the B′^2∑^＋ upper state and the rest correspond to （9, 0）, （10, 0）, （11, 0） and （12, 0） bands of B^2П-X^2П transition, respectively. Analysis of the rotationally resolved spectra yields exhaustive spectroscopic constants of both the X^2П ground state and the B′^2∑^＋ excited state. The electronic transition bands of the isotopic molecule N^34S have been rotationally analyzed for the first time and the rotational constants of the ground and upper states have been determined simultaneously.