EFFECT OF SULFUR ON PROPERTIES OF BALL BEARING STEEL

5 heats of GCr15 bearing steel of different sulfur contents ranging from 0.009-0.092% (wt.)were smelted. The role of sulfur in bearing steel and its effect on contact fatigue properties andfracture toughness K_(IC)Were studied. It was shown that as the sulfur content increases the sulfur content dissolved in the steelsubstrate remains unchanged. The best contact fatigue property appears at the sulfur content of0.045% (wt.), and the influence of sulfur content on the fracture toughness of bearing steel is notobvious. Finally, the mechanism of the role of sulfur was investigated.     

EFFECT OF MODAL COLLOIDAL SUBSTANCES ON THE PROPERTIES OF NEWSPRINT

1.INTRODUCTIONIn modern papermaking of newsprint, pitch and stickies control draws more attention with higher proportion of mechanical pulp and second fibers in furnishes. The accumulation of colloidal substance in process could affect the production and products most introduced by wood containing pulp and sec-ondary fibers. Sources of in-process colloid were complex and extensive, including lignin, hydropho-bic extraction, coating, adhesive and other additives[1-3]. Pitch was more seriou…     

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF UHMW-PAN SOLUTION

UHMW-PAN is an important polymer material used to make high strength and high modules fiber as well as hollow fiber membrane with high mechanical strength to resist the backwash process.In this paper, the effect of temperature on non-Newtonian flow index, structural viscosity index,maximum relaxation time and zero shear viscosity of the UHMW-PAN solution has been studied.The relationship between parameters and spinnability has been discussed. On the basis of above works, the suitable temperature of spinning solution by gel-spinning has been found.     

EFFECT OF METAL IONS ON THE LACCASE ACTIVITY

INTRODUCTIONAs the biotechnology developing, more and morattention is paid on the biobleaching in pulp anpaper industry. There are two kinds enzymes used ipulp bleaching: hemicellulase and ligninase. Amonthese biotechnologies, LMS(Laccase MediatoSystem) biobleaching is the most potential techniquto put into practice. Laccase activity is the key oLMS biobleaching. As we known, laccase is one operoxidase and has four copper ions in its structureMetal ions have great effect on enzyme act…     

EFFECT OF THICKENERS ON PAPER COATING VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR

The viscoelasticity refers to rheological behavior that paper coatings have viscosity and elasticity at the same time. The viscoelasticity origins from particle-particle interactions between different ingredients, flocculation of pigment particles and association of latex particles and water-soluble polymers. This kind of viscoelasticity relates to the ingredients of the paper coating, solids content, type of coating process and coating speed. In the low speed coating and low solids content, i…     

EFFECT OF NaOH CHARGE ON FIBER CHARACTERISTICS OF P-RC APMP PULP

INSTRUCTIONWith the improved pulping technology, such asBCTMP and APMP, hardwood species are nowplaying an increasing role in pulp and papermakingindustry. The increasing interest in producinghigh-yield hardwood pulp to partially replacehardwood kraft pulp is associated with both theeconomic and environmental considerations, and abetter utilization of the forest resources (1). As the shortage of forest resources in China, in recent years many pulp and paper making corps. have built the…     

EFFECT OF LITHIUM-BASE CATALYST ON THE RATE OF TRANSESTERIFICATION OF DMT WITH EG AND ON THE QUALITY OF PET

New catalysts combined with an organic or inorganic lithium salt (lithium acetate or lithiumchloride) and a conventional catalyst for the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate withethylene glycol have been studied. Reaction mechanism in presence of lithium-base catalyst hasbeen proposed. A synergistic action of two classes of catalysts creates the speed-up of initial re-action particularly in presence of lithium acetate. The presence of lithium base catalyst can re-duce diethylene glycol content and raise the melting point of final PET product, but almostuneffect PET molecular weight distribution.     

THE EFFECT OF ALUM AND METALS ON PAPER AGING

INTRODUCTIONLong-time preservation leads books and archives to discoloration or the reduction of folding endurance of paper, which curtail their life span. Discoloration occurs more frequently in paper which was particularly produced from mechanical pulp [1]. Aging rate even in acidic paper increases so that its possible preservation span is, at most, 50 years or so [2]. Previous studies show that the major cause of paper deterioration is the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose by…     

THE EFFECT OF, ABRASION ON LOW STRESS MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FABRIC

The low stress mechanical properties of a pure wool and a wool / polyester blend twill fab-rics which were abraded at various abrasion cycles were measured using the KES-F system andthe Instron tensile machine. The surface change of fabrics before and after abrasion was stu-died by means of scanning electron microscope. With the increasing number of cycles, the re-covery behavior of the fabrics studied in tensile, shear and bending deformation decrease, theantibuckling ability lowers, the friction coefficient increases. The geometric roughness de-creases during the first step of abrasion then enhances with further abrasion. The influence ofabrasion on mechanical properties of the pure wool fabric are larger than that of blend fabric.     

ON THEORY OF PHOTOACOUSTIC EFFECT WITH SOLIDS: INFLUENCE OF GAS DILATATION

提出了固体－气体光声腔的广义热导方程，并对一维模型进行了严格的理论分析。结果表明，气体膨胀和腔的声阻抗对光声信号有明显的影响。当利用光声信号的频率特性进行定量测量时，这些影响尤为重要。     

THE EFFECT OF TWO-BODY DISSIPATION ON THE DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF DEFORMED DI-NUCLEAR SYSTEM

通过求解微观Ｌａｎｄａｕ－Ｖｌａｓｏｖ输运方程，研究了融合－裂变动力学有关的特殊性质．发现随着激发能的增加，裂变时间减小，此为热核裂变模式中向“第一声”跃迁的信号．     

EFFECT OF N~+ ION IMPLANTATION ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF 40Cr STEEL

The different change tendencies of 2-and 3-dimensional surface roughnesses of 40Cr steel aremeasured and analysed.In 2-dimensional parameters,the data are measured amplitude parametersR_a ,R_q ,R_(pn),spacing parameters S_m,S,q and shape parameters Δq,T_p %,R_(sk),R_(ku)..In3-dimensional parameters,the similar amplitude and shape parameters are measured.The au-thors found that ion implantation lcads to reduction of the values of the amplitude parameters ofthe surface roughness remarkably.The values of the spacing parameters have no regular changes.The changes of surface profiles before and after ion implantations have been measured in detail.Inaddition,the auto-correlation function and the power spectrum are analysed for the surfaces ofdifferent implanting parameters.It is concluded that in the observed frequency range,the intensi-ties of various frequencies decrease widely and the coefficients of the auto-correlation of surfacesdecrease after ion implantation.     

THE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-MANGANESE ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

INTRODUCTIONHydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. It is well known that hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed under alkaline conditions, especially when transition metal ions are present. Recent studies showed that valence of transition metal ions is a significant factor in these reactions.Among various transition metal ions, manganese ions are the most harmful species during alkaline peroxide bleaching. Manganese has seven valence electrons (3d…     

THE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-IRON ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

INTRODUCTIONHydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. IT is well known that hydrogen peroxide can be easily decomposed under alkaline conditions, especially in the presence of transition metal ions due to their catalyzing effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Some recent reports show that the valence of transition metal ion can have a drastic effect on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Generally, iron can exist in Fe2+ and Fe3+…     

EFFECT OF CURRENT SWEEP RATE ON CRITICAL CURRENT OF SUPERCONDUCTING Ag-Bi2223 TAPES

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