几种常见鱼类鱼鳞、鱼骨成分分析

通过对鲤鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼、罗非鱼五种鱼鳞、鱼骨基本成分（以湿基计）的分析表明,鱼鳞、鱼骨中粗蛋白和钙、磷含量都很丰富．鱼鳞中水分含量鲢鱼鳞最高,粗蛋白鲤鱼鳞最高,粗灰分罗非鱼鳞含量最高,粗脂肪鲤鱼鳞含量最高,钙、磷含量皆以罗非鱼鳞含量最高．鱼骨水分鳙鱼骨含量最高,草鱼骨粗蛋白含量最高,粗灰分罗非鱼骨含量最高,粗脂肪以鲤鱼骨含量为最高,钙、磷含量都以罗非鱼骨为最高．     

青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼和鳙鱼鱼头营养成分比较

对人工养殖的青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼鱼头常规营养成分含量、矿物质(铜、镁、锌、铁、钙)含量、氨基酸组成及含量进行了检测和分析,旨在比较四大家鱼鱼头营养价值.结果表明,总水分含量由高到低依次为鳙鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、草鱼;粗蛋白质含量由高到低依次为青鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼;粗脂肪含量由高到低依次为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼;粗灰分含量以及无氮浸出物含量由高到低均为鲢鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼、青鱼;能值由高到低则依次为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼.矿物质铜和镁含量由高到低为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼;锌含量由高到低为草鱼、青鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼;铁含量由高到低为草鱼、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、青鱼;钙含量由高到低为草鱼、鲢鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼.总氨基酸量及必需氨基酸量由高到低均为青鱼、鳙鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼.     

网箱养殖大黄鱼与天然大黄鱼营养成分的比较分析

对网箱养殖大黄鱼和天然大黄鱼鱼体营养成分（水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、氨基酸及脂肪酸等）进行了分析比较。结果表明：养殖和天然大黄鱼的灰分含量差异不大,但是粗蛋白和粗脂肪的含量相差十分显著。养殖大黄鱼体粗脂肪比天然大黄鱼的高了１．９倍,含量高达３５．３９％,而天然大黄鱼体粗脂肪仅含１８．５８％（均以干基％计）。人工养殖大黄鱼的蛋白质含量为４５．１６％,明显低于天然大黄鱼的５９．８３％。水分含量的变     

四种淡水鱼在冻藏过程中蛋白质变性的测定

本文阐述了四种淡水鱼在- 5℃、-12℃及-18℃下冻藏近二个月,测定其冻藏期间鱼肌肉蛋白质变性程度。结果表明,四种鱼蛋白质变性大小顺序为:鳙鱼>鲢鱼>草鱼>鲤鱼。     

饥饿对不同性别大黄鱼肌肉营养成分的影响研究

为了探讨饥饿对不同性别大黄鱼成鱼肌肉营养成分的影响,以体质量400 g左右的600尾网箱养殖大黄鱼为研究材料,分别于禁食0、20、40、60 d取样进行背部肌肉营养成分。结果显示,禁食对雌性和雄性大黄鱼的粗脂肪、粗蛋白和粗灰分含量均有显著影响。雌鱼禁食20 d和40 d粗脂肪含量分别降低16.39%和19.98%,粗蛋白含量增加8.34%和5.17%,粗灰分含量禁食20 d时变化不显著,禁食40 d降低24.17%;禁食60 d粗脂肪和粗灰分含量变化不显著,粗蛋白含量增加8.49%。雄鱼禁食20 d和40 d营养成分含量变化不显著,60 d时粗脂肪含量降低29.35%,粗蛋白和粗灰分含量分别增加19.44%和40.38%。此外,禁食20 d时,分析的16种氨基酸中,除蛋氨酸之外的15种氨基酸在雌鱼肌肉中的含量均显著降低,而雄性大黄鱼中各氨基酸组分含量未发生显著变化;禁食60 d后,除了雌鱼中的蛋氨酸,其余氨基酸组分含量在雌性和雄性中均显著增加,其中雌鱼的变化范围(37.77%~64.89%)小于雄鱼(33.51%~159.57%)。比较发现,禁食前雌鱼背肌中氨基酸组分含量均显著高于雄鱼,但是禁食20 d后,雌鱼中只有亮氨酸含量仍显著高于雄性;禁食40 d的雌鱼中有苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸和丝氨酸含量显著高于雄性;禁食60 d后雌性和雄性氨基酸组分含量差异不显著。禁食过程中,雌鱼首先利用PUFA,而雄性首先利用MUFA,由此可知,不同禁食强度对不同性别大黄鱼肌肉中不同脂肪酸组分的影响存在较大差异。综上所述,禁食对大黄鱼肌肉中各营养成分含量存在影响较大,并且雌性和雄性之间存在一定差异,所以在进行禁食处理时应根据大黄鱼性别和目标设定不同的处理强度。上述研究结果可为通过适当的禁食处理实现大黄鱼肉质改良提供指导。     

月鳢肌肉营养成分分析及营养价值评定

对池养月鳢（Ｃｈａｎｎａａｓｉａｔｉｃａ（Ｌｉｎｎａｅｕｓ）肌肉生化成分进行了测定,结果表明,月鳢肌肉（鲜样）中粗蛋白质含量１８．８７％,粗脂肪３．６２％,粗灰分１．０３％,水分７５．５６％,干物质中水解氨基酸总量７６．１３％,其中必需氨基酸含量２８．２３％,占氨基酸总量的３７．０８％,游离氨基酸总量１２１７．３ｍｇ／１００ｇ,钙０．４２％,磷０．８６％,钙磷比例为１：２．０５,钙含量比鲤鱼等一些     

微贮对秸秆饲料主要营养成分的影响

选用微贮王菌种和EH菌种分别对秸秆样品进行处理,通过对秸秆样品的营养成分指标吸附水、粗蛋白、粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、无氮浸出物进行测定和计算,结果显示:粗蛋白增加了8%～30%,粗脂肪增加了7%～18%,粗纤维减少了20%～30%,粗灰分减少了18%～25%,钙、磷含量变化不显著.经方差分析表明秸秆微贮后与微贮前的营养成分比较差异极显著(P<0.05),但用两种菌种处理后的营养成分差异不显著(P>0.05).说明秸秆微贮饲料的品质明显提高.     

鱼类肌肉中过敏蛋白的检测与分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和免疫印迹(Western blot)方法,分别对淡水鱼(鲤鱼、鲢鱼、鲫鱼)和海水鱼(黄鳍鲷、金鲳)等5种鱼肌肉,鳕鱼丸、鲢鱼丸两种鱼糜制品以及鲮鱼、沙丁鱼、鳗鱼3种鱼罐头中过敏原(小清蛋白)的含量进行了分析.结果显示,应用抗蛙小清蛋白单克隆抗体(PARV-19)可以分别在5种鱼白色肉和红色肉的肌浆蛋白中检测到特异性杂交条带,其分子量大小约为12～14.4 ku,且白色肉中的含量明显高于红色肉.但在5种鱼的肌原纤维蛋白、2种鱼糜制品和3种鱼罐头中,均未检测到小清蛋白.因此得到结论,无论是淡水鱼还是海水鱼,小清蛋白主要存在于白色肉肌浆蛋白中;经过加工的鱼制品中小清蛋白的含量有很大程度的降低.     

9种琵甲族昆虫营养成分的测定分析

对鞘翅目拟步甲科琵甲族2属9种昆虫（弯齿琵甲Blaps femoralis、异形琵甲Blaps variolosa、皱纹琵甲Blaps rugosa、边粒琵甲Blaps miliaria、步行琵甲Blaps gressoria、条纹琵甲Blaps potanini、缢胫琵甲Blaps dentitibia、克氏侧琵甲Prosodes kreitneri、异距琵甲Blaps kiritshenkoi）的水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、脂肪酸、矿物质和微量元素以及维生素含量进行了测定分析．结果表明,9种琵甲的含水量均小于中华稻蝗（Oxya chinensis）,粗灰分含量范围为3．270％～5．100％,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值均大于最佳比值1：1．弯齿琵甲粗蛋白含量最高,异距琵甲粗脂肪、钙、铁含量最高,皱纹琵甲磷、维生素A（VA）含量最高,条纹琵甲锰、铜、锌含量最高,异形琵甲维生素E（VE）含量最高,边粒琵甲维生素B2（VB2）含量最高,而除步行琵甲外其他8种琵甲族昆虫的维生素B1（VB1）含量均较低．     

不同饲料对牛蛙机体主要养分组成变化的影响

研究了饲喂不同饲料对牛蛙机主要养分级成变化的影响。结果表明：全价饲料组牛蛙整体中粗蛋白、钙、磷的含量分别比蚕蛹组高４２．４１％、８１．３２％、８７．５０％,而粗脂肪含量比蚕蛹组低１１８．１１％;必需微量元素、氨基酸的含量均不同程度地高于蚕蛹组。牛蛙腿肌中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙、磷等的含量与峡谷组间十分接近;在微量元素上,全价饲料组牛蛙铜、铁的含量比蚕蛹组高３１．００％、９２．０６％,而锌、锰的含量则差     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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