双极膜的制备及应用研究进展

介绍了双极膜的基本结构原理及其发展历程，总结了近年来用于双极膜制备和改性的各类膜材料，及可提高双极膜水解离性能的中间催化层,并详细梳理了双极膜电渗析技术在不同领域的应用，为双极膜的制备、改性研究提供参考，为深化、拓展双极膜电渗析技术的应用领域提供借鉴.     

双极膜电渗析提取乳酸的影响因素

针对乳酸传统生产工艺废水排放多、产品质量较差的问题,提出两室型双极膜电渗析生产工艺,探索适合工业生产的操作条件。研究结果表明:电流密度对电渗析过程影响最大,提高初始浓度和增加极室盐溶液浓度均能使能耗降低。对1.24 mol/L的乳酸钠溶液,控制电流密度为500 A/m2,流量为80 L/h,极室盐质量浓度为50 g/L时,乳酸收率93%,浓度1.42 mol/L,电流效率72.5%,能耗1.05 kW.h/kg。     

电渗析浓缩高盐溶液:阴阳离子交换膜匹配性关系（英文）

研究了阳离子交换膜和阴离子交换膜的匹配性对电渗析浓缩性能的影响,主要考察了电渗析过程中的盐通量、水通量、水盐通量比和电渗析浓缩液的浓度.实验结果表明,当阳离子交换膜具有合适的离子交换容量时,阳离子交换膜的水含量对电渗析的浓度性能有着重要的影响;相比于离子交换容量和水含量,阴离子交换膜的离子渗透性对电渗析浓缩性能有着更加重要的影响.此外,当阳离子交换膜和阴离子交换膜均具有较高离子渗透性时,阳离子交换膜对电渗析浓缩的影响更为重要.     

离子交换膜及其在水处理中的应用

离子交换膜是离子交换树脂成膜状形成的。该文介绍了离子交换膜的组成和分类,叙述了离子交换膜用于水处理中的电渗析、扩散渗析和Donnan（唐南）渗析过程,同时详细概述了这3种渗析过程的常见应用方面。电渗析过程需要有直流电场,而扩散渗析和Donnan渗析过程不需要有直流电场。电渗析过程常用于分离、浓缩溶液以及浓缩制盐,扩散渗析过程常用于酸和碱的回收,Donnan渗析过程用于水溶性污染物离子的分离去除,以及水中微量重金属浓度的检测分析。     

填充床电渗析的工作原理及制取纯水时影响因素的研究

本文研究了填充床电渗析的除盐及自再生过程 ,并就其运行过程中进水水质、膜堆电流大小、浓淡水流量等因素对出水水质的影响进行了探讨。明确指出 :进水水质较好、膜堆电流大小适宜、浓水水量较小时 ,填充床电渗析装置出水水质较好。反之 ,出水水质较差。     

双极膜法生产葡萄糖酸的规模化研究

传统催化氧化法生产葡萄糖酸技术中的酸化过程耗煤耗电,存在三废污染;而采用双极膜法从催化氧化法葡萄糖酸钠料液制备葡萄糖酸,可在生产成本、环境保护、产品质量等方面改善现有的葡萄糖酸生产工艺．实验以产品纯度和成本为评价标准,对双极膜电渗析的组合形式（二隔室,三隔室）和单极膜材料（进口阳膜,国产阴膜Ⅱ,国产阴膜Ⅰ,国产阳膜Ⅰ）进行筛选,获得以下最佳试验成果：采用BP-C-A三隔室电渗析（国产阴膜Ⅰ＋双膜合一国产阳膜Ⅰ、10单元）预设10 A进行恒流操作,葡萄糖酸钠转化率达98．69／6;电流效率为71．5％,能耗为1．03kWh／kg酸,成本为2．81元／kg酸．相关技术将填补国内双极膜法规模化生产有机酸的空白．     

双极性膜电渗析技术在氨基乙酸制备中的应用研究

通过双极性膜电渗析技术,把一乙醇胺脱氢氧化生产氨基乙酸过程中产生的氨基乙酸钠盐转化为氨基乙酸和氢氧化钠.系统研究了制备过程中的电流效率、转化率、能耗、收率及溶液浓度等技术指标.实验结果表明,氨基乙酸钠的转化率达98%,氨基乙酸钠溶液转化的总收率达89%,平均电流效率达72%,平均耗电低于1.0 kW.h/kg氨基乙酸.制得的氨基乙酸产品的纯度≥99.5%.     

BMED 解离硫酸盐高效清洁制酸碱工艺

 随着工业生产的快速发展,工业废水的排放量迅猛增加,其中大部分工业废水中都含有硫酸盐,硫酸盐的过量排放会对环境水体造成严重的污染与破坏。本研究以硫酸钠废液为原料,采用双极膜电渗析(BMED)新型工艺,实现含硫酸盐废水的回收再利用,高效、清洁地制取酸、碱。实验主要考查了电流密度、原料液浓度及初始酸碱浓度对膜堆性能的影响,并对两种离子交换膜的性能进行对比。结果表明,实验范围内,氢氧化钠的收率高达84.08%,平均电流效率为54%,能耗为5.29 kW·h/kg;氢氧化钠收率和过程能耗均随电流密度的增大而增加;电流密度恒定时,较高的原料液浓度可使膜堆电阻维持在较低的水平,进而降低能耗;适量加入初始酸碱能够降低能耗,但也会降低电流效率。     

DABCO-Me串联双离子AEM的制备及电渗析脱盐行为分析

为探究甲基修饰1,4-二氮杂二环辛烷(DABCO)串联双离子离聚物官能度对阴离子交换膜(AEM)电渗析脱盐行为的影响，文中设计并制备了3种不同离子交换容量(IEC)的甲基修饰DABCO串联双离子离聚物AEM(QPPO-x)，对所制备的膜的化学结构、热稳定性、机械性能、基础性能、电渗析脱盐性能进行了系统表征。结果表明：QPPO-x的化学结构符合研究设计；QPPO-x的热稳定性、机械性能、基础性能满足电渗析脱盐工艺的基本要求；该类膜的电渗析脱盐性能随着膜的IEC的增高有提高的趋势；拥有最高IEC的QPPO-0.20膜的脱盐效率达86.79%，盐通量达81.39 mg/(m²·s)，脱盐能量损耗为2.35 kW·h/kg，其各项电渗析性能均优于商业膜AMX，在电渗析脱盐领域具有很好的应用前景。     

双氧水络合萃取分离钨钼的前驱体料液的制备

采用一种新方法制备双氧水络合萃取分离钨钼的前驱体料液.高钼钨酸铵溶液经双极膜电渗析(BMED)调酸后加入H2O2络合,得到前驱体料液;然后,用混合萃取剂三烷基氧膦(TRPO)和磷酸三丁酯(TBP)萃取分离钨钼.研究结果表明:在BMED过程中控制盐室溶液pH为3.20～3.50,运行210 min,其电流效率高于72％,直流电耗(以NH4+计)低于0.088 kW.h/mol;在络合过程中,w,Mo和H2O2利用率接近100％;在萃取过程中,w的单级萃取率最低为1.1％,Mo的单级萃取率最高为72.8％,分离系数βMo/W最高为84.4.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with