半群PC(n,r)的幂等元秩

设PCn是有限链［n］上的降序且保序部分变换半群
. 对任意的3≤r≤n-1, 考虑半群PC(n,r)={α∈PCn: 〖JB(|〗Im(α)〖JB)|〗≤r}
的秩和幂等元秩, 证明了半群PC(n,r)是由秩为r的幂等元生成的, 并得到了PC(n,r)的秩和
幂等元秩均为∑〖DD(〗n〖〗k=r〖DD)〗〖JB((〗〖HL(1〗nk〖HL)〗〖JB))〗〖JB((
〗〖HL(1〗k-1r-1〖HL)〗〖JB))〗.     

Tectonic geomorphology of the Ryukyu Trench-Arc-Backarc System： geological-geophysical exploration and mapping

Based on an analysis of full-cover multi-beam bathymetric data, seismic and sub-bottom profiling data, and other geological-geophysical data sets, the geomorphologic features of the Ryukyu trench-arc-backarc (T-A-BA) system are delineated, and a geomorphologic map of the system is compiled. The results show that the evolution and spatial distribution patterns of the geomorphologic types of the Ryukyu T-A-BA system are controlled mainly by tectonic movements. The tectonic geomorphologic characteristics of the Ryukyu Arc (RA) differ distinctly from those of the East China Sea (ECS) continental shelf and slope. In term of geological structures, RA consists of the Tokara volcanic ridge, the Ryukyu folded ridge, the fore-arc accretion-wedge ridge and the Amami Depression and the fore-arc depressions between the ridges, which is composed of a complex of alternating island-slope ridges and fault basins. The slope of the ECS is a passive continental margin with stepwise faults. The Okinawa Trough (OT) is a backarc rift in which tectonicmovements are intensive, with active volcanic and hydro-thermal eruptions and sea floor spreading. The development of geomorphic features of the OT is controlled by the central en echelon spreading axes, the faults along the ECS slope and the marginal faults to the west of the Tokara volcanic ridge. The geomorphic complex of the OT is arranged in the following pattern: the en echelon grabens and volcanic chains formed by rifting and spreading lie in the central part of the trough, the turbidite plains incliningwards from the slope foot of the ECS lie in the westeru-northwesteru parts of the OT, and the volcaniclastic deposit plains inclining westward-northwestwards from the western slope foot of the RA lie in the easteru-southeasteru parts of the OT. In term of tectonic geomorphology, the OT forms a natural division between the sheff of the ECS and the RA.     

Meanders of the Jialing River in China： Morphology and formation

As a fundamental category of river system, comparisons in diverse regions and types with quantitative parameters on meander morphology will help to distinguish different characteristics and approach formations and evolutions. It also can provide scientific basis of geomorphology for their protections and exploitation of the meander resources. Based on the images of Google Earth, meanders＇ parameters are proposed and then measured and calculated. The result suggests that incised meanders in the Jialing River are among the most complex, irregular and sinuous channels. Special river gradient, geological structures, strata and lithology, backwater effect of landform are key factors to shape meanders of the Jialing River. The evolution of meander in the Jialing River obeys the principle of minimum-maximum energy dissipation. Easy acquisitions of remote sensing data make regional and global comparisons possible, and then the differences of formations can be explored. The morphology can probably provide an evidence of antecedent river and demonstrate the channel incisions and crustal uplifts. Meander core in Chinese is named after the isolated hills in the Jialing River. The incised meander is a kind of resource and needs to be protected.     

Electronic structure and chemical reaction of Ca deposition on resiore8ular poly（3-hexylthiophene） surfaces

Conjugated polymer, regioregular poly（3-hexylthiophene） （rr-P3HT）, films were prepared by spin-coating the rr-P3HT chloroform solution onto clean silicon wafer surfaces. The chemical re- action and electronic structure of Ca deposition on rr-P3HT surfaces were in situ investigated by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy （SRPES） and X-ray photoemission spectros- copy （XPS）. Upon Ca deposition, Ca-induced band bending of rr-P3HT is observed. In addition, Ca atoms preferentially react with S atoms of rr-P3HT. No obvious reaction between Ca and C atoms can be found. Through the investigation of the evolution of valence band spectra and secondary electron cut-off of rr-P3HT during the process of Ca deposition, an energy level alignment diagram at the Ca/rr-P3HT interface is derived.     

New evidence for microstructural evolution model of acid-activated montmorillonite

Ca-montmorillonite samples from Choushan treated at various acid concentrations were studied using chemical analysis, XRD, ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al MAS NMR, to investigate the microstructure of the activated montmorillonites. With the increase of acid concentration and dissolution of cations of montmorillonite, the intensity of d(001) decreased obviously and significant changes of the microstructure of Si and Al occurred. There were two new types of structural units of Si atoms formed: (SiO)₃SiOH units and Q⁴(0Al) units. For Al atoms, in the course of activation, the removal of one of a pair of octahedral aluminium atoms from montmorillonite removed two hydroxyl groups and left the other aluminum of the pair in the four-fold coordination. The ²⁷Al signal at δ 54.0 corresponding to Al^Ⅳ arose from the four- coordinated Al in the octahedral sheet. This study first con-firmed, by ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al MAS NMR spectra, that the model of microstructural evolution for activated montmorillonite postulated by Thomas et al. (1950) is correct.     

非齐次分数阶多孔介质方程的弱解

本文主要讨论了一类具有外力项的分数阶多孔介质方程的弱解存在性: 〖JB({〗〖HL(1:1,Z〗〖SX(〗u〖〗t〖SX)〗+(－Δ)σ/2um=F(u),x∈ R N,t>0,u〖JB((〗x,0〖JB))〗=f(x),x∈ R Ν.〖HL)〗〖JB)〗 其中f∈L1( R N)∩L∞( R N),m>0 和0<σ<2,证明了如果F是一个Lipschitz连续函数,那么此问题存在一个弱解.     

Mechanism of electrochemical evolution of chlorine and oxygen at Ti/SnO2-IrO2 anode

The mechanisms of chlorine and oxygen electrochemical evolution at a novel Ti/SnO₂-IrO₂ anode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and steady state current?potential measurements. For this study a laboratory constructed model cell was employed. Firstly, controlled potential electrolysis of 0.1 mol/L NaCl was performed and chlorine was observed to evolve at potential +1.2 V. The pH values of the solution decreased during electrolysis over the potential range of +1.0 V?+2.0 V, suggesting that oxygen evolution may involve in the reactions. Electrolysis with a de?oxygenated NaCl solution at a fixed potential of +2.0 V confirmed that O2 is one of the products generated at the anode. Further electrolysis of NaCl solution was conducted under steady state conditions. A potential?current density plot was constructed over the potential range of +1.00 V?+1.28 V. The slope of the plot at Tafel section was found to be 41 mV/decade. These results indicate that chlorine evolution at the anode is achieved via an intermediate layer formed by electrosorption of oxygen and chlorine on the electrode surface.     

Relationship among Photosys-tem Ⅱ carbonic anhydrase,extrinsic polypeptides and manganese cluster

Effects of Photosystem Ⅱ (PS Ⅱ) extrinsic polypeptides of oxygen-evolving complex and manganese clusters on PSⅡ carbonic anhydrase (CA) were studied with spinach PSⅡ membranes. The result supported that membrane-bound CA is located in the donor side of PSⅡ. The extrinsic polypeptides played an important role of maintaining CA activity. After removing manganese clusters, oxygen evolution activity was inhibited, but PSⅡ-CA activity was unchanged. It was concluded that CA activity is independent of the presence of manganese clusters, and was not directly correlated with oxygen evolution activity.     

Energy flow between litter of Puccinellia tenuiflora community and soil microorganisms in Songnen Grassland in Northeast China

The energy flow process between litter of Puccinellia tenuiflora community and soil microorganisms has been studied and a compartment model established to discuss the characteristics and function of microorganism during decomposing litter. The results show that during the process of energy flow through microorganism, the energy input is 1357.84 kj'm^-2'a^-1; the energy absorbed by microorganism is 733.97 kj'm^-2'a^-1in which up to 552.29 kj'm^-2'a^-1 energy is consumed for respiration and the energy about 181.23kj'm^-2'a^-1 is formed for microorganism biomass. 95% of the litter accumulated on the ground annually would be decomposed in 1. 85 years and the decomposition index is 1. 93. The mathematical model of the energy x^( t) absorbed by microorganism of the year was described as x₂(i) = 733. 97 -0. 82e^-1.85t and the model of the energy x₂(t) formed for microorganism biomass of the year is expressed as x2( t) = 181.23 - 0. 37ee^-1.85t + 0.005ee^-4.05t. The equilibrium state of the energy absorbed by microorganism is 733.97 kJ'm^-2*a^-1 and the equilibrium state of the energy formed for microorganism biomass is 181.23 kj*m^-2*a^-1.     

世界自然遗产提名地施秉喀斯特地貌及其演化

施秉喀斯特是我国第二批申报"中国南方喀斯特"世界自然遗产提名地之一,当前对其地貌演化尚缺乏系统性研究。通过多次野外勘测与取样化验研究,并运用GIS软件综合分析各要素与地貌发育之间的关系,得出研究区内主要造貌岩石为寒武系纯白云岩;研究区内地貌从分水岭到河谷呈现由峰林谷地→峰丛谷地→峰丛浅洼到峰丛峡谷的有序回春式逆向演化中;河谷裂点带之上的高原面中,地面以常态面状侵蚀作用为主,发育峰林谷地与峰丛谷地,在干流与水量较大的支流,水流下切迅速,形成峰丛峡谷,靠近河谷的中间过渡地带,发育了峰丛浅洼;研究区内未形成以深、长、大洞为主的洞穴发育区,更未发育网状地下河系统。因此,施秉喀斯特研究区代表了典型的白云岩喀斯特青年期地貌演化的特征,是研究白云岩喀斯特的良好场所。     

卫星遥感TM图像在川东地区地貌解译研究中的应用

以四川盆地大巴山前缘万源 -巫山地区为研究区 ,通过对该区 TM图像进行波段优选、信息提取和处理 ,完成研究区 1∶ 2 0 0 0 0 0地貌综合解译图 ,为该区野外地质找矿工作提供了重要的图件资料。     

甘肃省地貌特征对农业可持续发展的影响

在分析甘肃省的地貌特征及其对农业生产的影响的基础上,论述了地貌与土壤侵蚀的关系,并指出坡度大、降水强度大、植被稀疏、地表物质疏松和大风是造成农业生态环境脆弱的主要原因,而人类活动的不合理则使本已脆弱的生态环境更趋恶化．最后,根据甘肃省的地貌格局,提出促进农业生态环境良性发展的根本措施：因地制宜发展与当地生态环境相适应的绿色产业,以确保农业生态环境良性发展;提高农业生产的集约化水平．     

基于流域系统地貌信息熵的泥石流危险性定量评价

泥石流是爆发在山区小流域内的特殊地质灾害,流域地貌条件制约着泥石流的形成和运动,影响着泥石流的发生和规模,因此,可以根据流域地貌的发育阶段判断泥石流的危险性。流域系统地貌信息熵理论是Strahler面积-高程分析法与信息熵原理的有机结合,是计算流域地貌发育阶段的定量方法。作者探讨了利用流域系统地貌信息熵理论进行泥石流危险性评价的方法,并选取辽宁省岫岩县哈达碑镇的21条流域作为实例进行验证。评价结果表明,利用地貌系统信息熵值来判断泥石流的发育程度,具有较好的客观性、可操作性和可靠性。     

论中国大地貌的形成

从中国地貌结构特点及其时空演变过程来看,中国地貌的平面格局是燕山运动奠定的,地势高差是喜马拉雅运动,特别是喜马拉雅运动第二幕造成的,与太平洋板块和印度板块活动有着密切的生成联系。现存地貌是地质历史上内外力相互作用的结果。     

重力地貌过程研究的理论与方法

在对重力地貌过程特点分析的基础上，从地貌学角度出发就重力地貌过程的研究现状进行了综述，重点论述了近年来发展的各种理论与方法及遥感ＧＩＳ技术在重力地貌过程研究中的应用，并对今后重力地貌过程研究的难点进行了探讨     

基于多源数据的山前水系提取实验：以济南市及邻区为例

河流水系的准确提取是研究构造地貌与水文地质的一项重要基础工作。近些年来,以基于ArcGIS的数字高程模型（DEM）和基于遥感影像的（改进的）归一化拆分水体指数（MNDWI,NDWI）为主的水系提取方法被广泛探讨和应用。但对于以山前地带为代表包含山地丘陵-平原的多元地貌地区,由于上述两种方法的局限性,均难以独自实现对此地貌的水系自动提取。本文以济南及邻区作为研究区,以SRTMDEM 90M 分辨率原始高程数据和Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS卫星影像作为源数据,通过对比不同方法（DEM、NDWI、MNDWI）的特点及在各地貌区的应用效果,尝试了一种能够自动提取上述地区水系的方法。实验结果显示,在区内的山地丘陵区和平原区,所对应的最优水系提取方法分别为基于DEM和MNDWI的提取方法,二分区的分界线可通过地形起伏度进行确定。本文通过对比研究区的断层和水系分布,认为研究区内活动时代早于早中更新世的断裂对河流造成的影响已经衰减,并且河流已达到了新的平衡状态。     

耦合地貌信息熵和斜坡单元物质响应率的泥石流危险性分析

以粤西高州马贵镇为研究靶区,通过地貌信息熵法分析流域地貌发育演化阶段和泥石流沟谷危险性;提出流域单元物质响应率的概念,并结合遥感影像解译得到的松散物源分布,探讨泥石流沟谷的物源敏感性;在此基础上,将地貌信息熵值和流域单元物质响应率进行耦合,开展地形和物源复合作用下的泥石流危险性评价研究。研究结果表明：研究区子流域地貌信息熵值的变化范围为0.1398~0.8787,沟谷地貌演化从幼年期至老年期均有分布,60.57%的研究区面积处于幼年期—壮年期,泥石流沟谷比较活跃、危险性大;研究区子流域单元物质响应率变化范围为0~0.1716,53.46%的沟谷流域对物源较敏感,面积约为85.667 km2;基于地貌信息熵值和流域单元物质响应率耦合的泥石流危险性评价结果表明,43.87%的泥石流沟谷处于中等及以上危险区域,泥石流危险性较大。对比分析发现评价结果和实际情况较为吻合,评价结果合理,优于上述两种方法单独评价的结果。该成果可以为马贵河流域泥石流危险区规划和防灾减灾提供参考。     

黄土高原历史地貌与土壤侵蚀演变研究进展

黄土高原是引人注目的生态环境脆弱区,它的历史地貌与土壤侵蚀演变研究是其历史时期生态环境变迁研究的重要内容,也是黄土高原生态环境建设的基础性课题.回顾了黄土高原历史地貌与土壤侵蚀演变研究的过程,总结了研究取得的主要进展,指出了研究存在的不足和今后深化的方向.经过数十年的积累,黄土高原历史地貌与土壤侵蚀演变研究取得了重要的进展:较深入地研究了历史时期黄土塬区地貌演变的特征和规律,揭示了历史时期渭河河谷地貌的演变,研究了历史时期黄河中游的河道变迁,提出了黄土高原的侵蚀期,得出了历史时期黄土高原的土壤侵蚀历史、侵蚀速率.今后的研究应应用现代研究手段,以长时段、短周期、高分辨的研究为研究深化的方向.     

山区河谷-水系演化及环境效应研究——以金沙江为例

随着河流地貌学研究的深入,河谷-水系演化及环境效应成为了国內外重要研究领域。首先对河谷-水系演化及环境效应研究的国内外进展进行回顾与前瞻。金沙江可谓是山区河谷-水系演化的典型代表,以金沙江河谷-水系演化及环境效应研究为例,认为:河谷-水系变迁及环境效应实质上是区域性陆地地表环境演变的过程,也是深切河谷区中最基本最重要的演变形式,是中外地学研究急需解决的重要科学问题;立足于基于区域自然地理背景的河流地貌学研究,以河流地貌学为主进行自然和人文的多学科理论与方法的拓展性研究,系统全面地从地质历史和发生学角度分析研究山区河谷-水系及环境效应得到机理性和科学性的认识;将构造与构造运动、气候变化、层状地貌、河谷沉积等综合系统研究,将长时间尺度河谷-水系演化与现代地理过程、格局、特征、效应相结合,既揭示山区河谷-水系发育史,又构建现代河谷地域系统高梯度效应框架体系,突显流域系统演化和系统论的理论与应用,可促进河流地貌学的进一步创新,以及大江流域水系与河谷地貌的应用研究。