Chronological record of the Early Mesozoic underplating in the northern margin of North China─U-Pb chronometry of zircons in the Late Mesozoic andesite from Western Liaoning

Cathodoluminescence spectroscopic analysis of zircons in the uppermost sanukites of the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Western Liaoning reveals zoning structures of the zircons in the volcanic rocks. LA-ICP-MS chronometry shows that the central part of the zircons is remnant zircon with a U-Pb dating of 254 Ma, which is consistent with the age of the Early Mesozoic underplating granulites, and that the periphery is zircon crystallizing out of the host magma with a U-Pb dating of 116 Ma, which is highly consistent with the Ar-Ar dating of the host volcanic rocks. Compositions of the clinopyroxenes xenocrystals in the sanukites are similar to those of the clinopyroxenes in the underplating granulites, indicating that the granulites accreted to the lower crust in the Early Mesozoic have been reformed and disrupted by the upwelling diapers of the asthenosphere and taken part in formation of the sanukites in the Late Mesozoic.     

Chronological record of the Early Mesozoic underplating in the northern margin of North China—U-Pb chronometry of zircons in the Late Mesozoic andesite from Western Liaoning

Cathodoluminescence spectroscopic analysis of zircons in the uppermost sanukites of the early Cretaceous Yixian Forma- tion in Western Liaoning reveals zoning structures of the zircons in the volcanic rocks. LA-ICP-MS chronometry shows that the central part of the zircons is remnant zircon with a U-Pb dating of 254 Ma,which is consistent with the age of the Early Mesozoic underplating granulites,and that the periphery is zircon crystallizing out of the host magma with a U-Pb dating of 116 Ma,which is highly consistent with the Ar-Ar dating of the host volcanic rocks.Compositions of the clinopyroxenes xenocrystals in the sanukites are similar to those of the clinopyroxenes in the underplating granulites,indicating that the granulites accreted to the lower crust in the Early Mesozoic have been reformed and disrupted by the upwelling diapers of the asthenosphere and taken part in formation of the sanukites in the Late Mesozoic.     

Progress in researching into the transition of the Mesozoic tectonic systems in southeast China

This paper presents the latest progress made on the research of Mesozoic tectonic system transition from the E-W paleo-Tethyan tectonic domain into NE-NNE western Pacific domain in southeast China. Tectonism of the west Pacific domain began at middle Jurassic (J₂) and formed a set of NE-trending structures, non-coaxially overprinting on E-trending tectonic belts which may be early and coevally produced by the paleo-Tethyan domain. Thus began the tectonic domain transition from the E-trending paleo-Tethyan to the NE-trending Pacific and fully finished at the early Cretaceous. The eastern Nanling area was a junction zone of the transition at middle Jurassic (J₂), and ever since the junction zone might obliquely migrate to the coastal region, where is the east part of this study area. To the north of the Nanling area, the Ganjiang Fault Zone was the boundary between two tectonic domains. Corresponding to the transition of tectonic system, the geodynamics of SE China changed from a compressional system to an extensional system, which continued until the end of Mesozoic-Tertiary.     

Research advances in the Mesozoic tectonic regimes during the formation of Jiaodong ore cluster area

Based on research advances of the tectonic regime in Jiaodong ore cluster area and the related tectonic regime transformation in Mesozoic era in the eastern region of North China, in this paper, we first summarize some key problems required to be studied further on. Then we suggest an approach to dealing with these problems. It is known that the gold deposits in Jiaodong ore cluster area, which are of different mineralization styles, spatial distributions and geological settings, might be as a result from one or more geologic events in Mesozoic. Till now, this kind of research on the temporal evolution and spatial migration sequence, especially on the geodynamic mechanism of the above events, is far from sufficient. Moreover, quantitatively describing the action mode and the temporal?spatial framework of tectonic dynamic regimes and formulating the relative contribution of every tectonic dynamic regime for the metallogensis are still challenges to the geologists studying on the formation of Jiaodong ore cluster area. According to the interpretation of the regional tectonic analysis, the structural dynamics, the observation and the exploration of the mineralization network, we propose a geological?physical?chemical model with some constraints originated from the comprehensive analysis. We then use this model to simulate the coupled processes of the structural deformation, thermal transport, fluid flow and the chemical reaction. The obtained results indicate that the model is efficient in further analyzing the temporal?spatial evolutional trail of the tectonic regime in Jiaodong ore cluster area and in further understanding the nature of the mass metallogensis.     

Novel dental pattern in a Mesozoic mammal

Therian mammals have two families of postcanine teeth,premolars and molars, which primitively are morphologically distinct, but within each family, structure of the crowns changes in an evenly graded series from mesial to distal loci. Here we report a new Mesozoic basal therian in which the boundary between premolars and molars istransi tional but the molars form three abruptly discontinuous morphological grouos. containinh m1, m2-4.     

Decoupling of surface and subsurface sutures in the Dabie orogen and a continent-collisional lithospheric-wedging model：Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidences of Mesozoic igneous rocks in eastern China

Based on the distribution of UHPM rocks on the surface in Sulu terrane, the surface suture between the NCB and SCB should be located along the Wulian fault (see Fig. 1, S1). However, based on the aeromagnetic data of eastern China, Li[1] first indicated that the subsurface suture between the NCB and SCB in the region east of the Tan-Lu fault should be located to the east of Nanjing City (see Fig. 1, S2), which south displaced about 400 km from the surface suture. This is contradicto…     

Mantle olivine xenocrysts entrained in Mesozoic basalts from the North China craton：Implication for replacement process of lithospheric mantle

Mesozoic (125 Ma) Fangcheng basalts fromShandong Province contain clearly zoned olivines that arerare in terrestrial samples and provide first evidence for thereplacement of lithospheric mantle from high-Mg peridotitesto Iow-Mg peridotites through peridotite-melt reaction.Zoned olivines have compositions in the core (Mg# = 87.2--90.7) similar to those olivines from the mantle peridotiticxenoliths entrained in Cenozoic basalts from the NorthChina craton and in the rim (Mg# = 76.8--83.9) close to oli-vine phenocrysts of the host basalts (75.7--79.0). Thesecompositional features as well as rounded crystal shapes andsmaller grain sizes (300—800 μm) demonstrate that thesezoned olivines are mantle xenocrysts, i.e. disaggregates ofmantle peridotites. Their core compositions can representthose of olivines of mantle peridotites. The zoned texture ofolivines was formed through rapid reaction between the oli-vine xenocryst and the host basalt. This olivine-basaltic meltreaction could have been ubiquitous in the Mesozoic litho-spheric mantle beneath the North China craton, i.e. an im-portant type of the replacement of lithospheric mantle. Thereaction resulted in the transformation of the Paleozoic re-fractory (high-Mg) peridotites to the late Mesozoic fertile(Iow-Mg) and radiogenic isotope-enriched peridotites, lead-ing to the loss of old lithospheric mantle.     

Analysis of the Cut-thickness in the Process of Gear Shaping

1introduction Intheprocessofmanufacturingcolumngear,thegearshaping isextensivelyadopted,butsometimesitiscompaniedwiththe gear’sextrusionwoundandthecutter’sabnormalabrasion wear.Onegenerallythinksthatthisphenomenonisrelatedto thecut thickness’variationduringthegearshaping.Soasetofformulastohelpstudythevariationofcut thicknessofchipscuttedoffwiththecutedgeandtotryto findoutthecauseoftheextrusionwoundofthegearandthe abnormalabrasionwearintheprocessofgearshapingwere deduced.2TheCut thicknessoft…     

Geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Mesozoic basalts from the North China Craton： A case study in Fuxin, Liaoning Province

Occurrence of Cretaceous basalts in Fuxin County, Liaoning Province provides us an opportunity to understand Mesozoic mantle processes beneath the northern margin of the North China Craton (NNCC). Fuxin Jianguo basalts occur as volcanic channel phases with well-developed columnar jointings and contain few spinel lherzolite and pyroxenite xenoliths. They are poor in silica and rich in alkalis, Ti and Al, belonging to alkaline basalts. In trace element compositions, Jianguo basalts are moderately enriched in LREE and LILE, but not depleted in HFSE. They have low Sr and high Nd and Pb isotopic ratios. These geochemical characteristics suggest that Jianguo basalts originated from the depleted asthenosphere, representing an undifferentiated and uncontaminated primitive magma. Presence of these basalts indicates that the lithosphere beneath the region had thickness less than 65 km at the time of basalt eruption and was mainly composed of fertile pargasite-bearing spinel Iherzolite and plagioclase pyroxenite. The voluminous basaltic-andesitic magmatism during the early Jurassic-late Cretaceous time indicates that the commencement and accomplishment of lithosphere thinning in the NNCC was much earlier than that in the southern margin, since the mafic-intermediate volcanism only occurred at the Cretaceous time in the southern margin and the basalts with an asthenosphere isotopic signature at the Tertiary. This shows that highly spatial and temporal heterogeneity existed in the Mesozoic lithosphere evolution.     

Evil in Lord of the Flies

Lord of the Flies deals with the problem of the nature of human personality and the reflection of personality on society.Devils hidesomewhere dee in side of all people.Without morals,law and order it will eventually surface and come out.Evil it;the natural product of their con-sciousness.Simon understands,and this is the wisdom Golding treats with awe.that evil is"only us".     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.     

Asseessment of the Impact of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the Tourist Scenery in Tibet

Theqinghai TibetPlateauisendowedwithnaturalandgeographicconditions.These conditionsshapeupmanyuniquetouristresources,suchascolorfulgeomorphology,plentifulanduniquewildanimalsandplantsand pureandsimplefolkcustomwithancientculture,etc.Butasthetrafficisnotconvenientandthe trafficcostisveryhigh,toalargeextentthislimitsthedevelomentofthelocaltourism.Thelinesuccessivelypassesthroughtheplacesof culturalinterest,likenaturallyecologicallandscapesandagriculturalareas,semi agriculturalandmemi pastoralar…     

Assessment of the Impact of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway on the Tourist Scenery in Tibet

This article briefly makes account of the characters of the tourist resources along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. According to the diversity and distinctiveness of the natural landscape along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, its scientific studying values, aesthetic values and cultural values are summaized in this text. The article analysed the main types of construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway which would cause impacts to the landscapes along the line： roadbed construction, grounds of fetching and abandoning soil, sand and gravel material field, pavement for constructon, construction camp, etc. The impacts caused by construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to the tourist scenery in Tibet are raised and the preventive and restorative measures needed to be taken to reduce and ease up the impacts of the railway project to the landscapes long the line are offered. The various measures raised above are in line with the characters of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and are operational.     

Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North China. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.     

The construction of Masculinity in Tarzan of the Apes

Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar R Burroughs is a notorious exemplar of both racist and sexist rhapsody. A veteran writer, Burroughs creates his macho hero with precise choice-wording and heart-throbbing suspense, presenting the turn-of-the-century hegemonic ideals of masculinity stemming from the notion of white supremacy twinned with primitive savagery. To understand the aim of constructing such a larger-than-life figure, we will take a look at the male body first, then analyze the ego, finally inspect the noble heart and civilized demeanor which are the essence of its spirit.     

Washback of the Writing Part in NMET

1. IntroductionThe National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in China is knownas a high- stakes examination as it is the criterion for admission intohigher education. This influential examination has two main functions:     

Non-verbal Context in the Teaching of EFL

1.Contextandnon-verbalcontext:Non-verbalcontextshowsitsimportancegraduallywith thedevelopmentofthecontexttheory.Languageisusednotin avacuum,butinsocialcontext.Therefore,withthedevelop-mentofpeople'srealization,thecontextualtheoryofmeaning hasdevelopedstep…     

An exploration of the arrangement of the land price grade in Chongqing municipality

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