稀土元素对于5CrNiMo钢中夹杂物变质的影响

冶炼5CrNiMo钢时,正常出炉后,浇注时分别加入不同含量稀土,并与不加稀土的比较.通过金相显微镜分析发现,加入稀土后的钢中夹杂物完全球化,尺寸均匀,分布较好,并探讨了不同稀土含量的夹杂物的成分和组成元素的分布规律.     

洁净钢夹杂物形态控制

钢中夹杂物的性质主要决定于强脱氧元素的相对含量。为获得具有良好变形能力的塑性夹杂物,必须采用低铝铁合金合金化,然后用适宜组成的合成渣,通过渣-铜、夹杂物-钢之间建立的局部反应平衡控制钢液中强脱氧元素含量,达到控制夹杂物成分的目的。以弹簧钢为例,根据热力学理论．分析了炼钢工序中可能影响夹杂物组成的各种工艺因素,为夹杂物形态控制的实践提供理论依据。     

LZ50钢液中微量稀土脱氧及夹杂物生成机理研究

用真空感应炉在MgO坩埚中熔化2.5 kg的LZ50车轴钢,添加稀土(RE)元素后进行二次精炼,制备了微RE合金化后的试样。结合钢化学成分分析、SEM和EDS检测结果,计算并讨论了微量RE元素对LZ50钢中O、S等元素的影响。结果表明,微量RE(质量分数0.0026%)能降低低氧、低硫在LZ50钢中的O含量,对S含量却无明显影响;RE的脱氧产物为CeAlO3,且能把钢中带棱角的Al2O3-SiO2夹杂物变为圆球状SiO2-Al2O3-RE2O3复合夹杂物。     

稀土处理钢中夹杂物对晶内针状铁素体形成的影响

分析了稀土处理钢中夹杂物的特征（夹杂物种类、尺寸分布和体积分数）对微观组织中针状铁素体形成的影响.结果表明,钢中夹杂物种类和体积分数对针状铁素体组织的形成非常重要.稀土氧化物（包含稀土氧硫化物）与铁素体具有低至1.9%的错配度降低针状铁素体在夹杂物表面的形核能垒,从而促使它在稀土氧化物上形核.反之,稀土硫化物与铁素体具有高达42.5%的错配度不能诱导生成针状铁素体组织.此外,微观组织中针状铁素体的体积分数随着夹杂物体积分数的增加而增大,当钢中夹杂物体积分数是9.5×10-4时其体积分数达到53%.     

稀土对2Cr13不锈钢夹杂物形态和耐腐蚀性能的影响

设计了不同含量的稀土2Cr13不锈钢,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了不锈钢中稀土夹杂物的形态,并用动电位扫描法对其进行了极化曲线的测试。     

钢中非金属夹杂物形态对其去除行为的影响

采用物理模拟手段研究球形、立方体、圆柱体、树枝状、团簇状等钢中常见形状夹杂物形状修正系数的差异性,并分析粒子表面形貌和运动取向对形状修正系数的影响.粒子的形状修正系数与阻力系数满足线性正相关,可以用形状修正系数评价粒子的上浮去除能力;在体积相同情况下,同类型夹杂物粒子的去除能力依次为树枝状(垂直)＜粗糙球形＜立方体＜圆柱(半经6mm)＜圆柱(半经4mm)＜树枝状(水平)＜团簇状(水平)＜光滑球形;粗糙表面的球形其表面积约为光滑球形的2倍,其形状修正系数同时增加2.1倍.简单粒子的形状修正系数受运动取向影响较小,复杂粒子则受运动取向影响较大,树枝状颗粒垂直上浮时的形状修正系数约为水平上浮时的2倍.     

不同脱氧方式对钢中夹杂物的影响

为控制钢液中氮含量,实验了两种不同脱氧方式:(Ⅰ)出钢过程加Al进行强脱氧;(Ⅱ)出钢时不加Al,加入Si--Mn合金进行弱脱氧,在LF进站再喂入Al线进行强脱氧.借助气体分析仪和扫描电镜对不同脱氧方式下钢中氧氮含量和夹杂物进行了分析.两种不同脱氧方式得到最终产品的全氧含量几乎一致,但方式(Ⅱ)对控制氮含量更为有利,可以使氮的质量分数降低约5×10-6;两种不同脱氧方式对最终产品中夹杂物的类型和尺寸影响不大,均为球状的CaS和CaO--MgO--Al2O3夹杂物.文中还推断出了采用Si--Mn弱脱氧时钢中夹杂物的生成过程.     

Mo和变质处理对高钒高速钢耐磨性的影响

为讨论Mo元素和变质处理对高钒高速钢耐磨性的影响,制备高钒钼高速钢.通过金相法、X射线衍射和摩擦磨损实验对高钒高速钢的显微组织、物相组成和耐磨性能进行分析.结果表明：热处理后的未变质高钒高速钢、变质高钒高速钢和变质高钒钼高速钢的组织主要由马氏体、Fe3C和V2C组成;Mo元素和变质处理使高钒高速钢的碳化物明显细化,大量颗粒状碳化物弥散分布;变质高钒钼高速钢在室温下干磨损60 min,失重量为0.0119 g.该研究为高钒高速钢的发展提供了理论依据.     

渣洗对45#钢中夹杂物的影响

为了生产出低成本高质量的钢种,对唐钢公司采用转炉出钢渣洗工艺生产的45#钢进行了研究.结果表明:渣洗工艺能够很好的对A12O3夹杂进行变性处理.渣洗前后、中间包及铸坯中显微夹杂物含量分别为15.308个/mm2、8.705个/mm2、6.563个/mm2、4.373个/mm2,夹杂物去除效果好;非稳态铸坯中大型夹杂物含量为100.34mg/10kg,是稳态浇铸时夹杂物含量的2.37倍;经能谱分析知非稳态铸坯大型夹杂物中含K、Na结晶器示踪元素的夹杂物占到总量的72％,表明非稳态浇铸对钢液洁净度有很大影响,浇铸过程中应注意结晶器液面波动等非稳态因素对铸坯质量的影响.     

渣洗对45^#钢中夹杂物的影响

为了生产出低成本高质量的钢种,对唐钢公司采用转炉出钢渣洗工艺生产的45#钢进行了研究。结果表明：渣洗工艺能够很好的对Al2O3夹杂进行变性处理。渣洗前后、中间包及铸坯中显微夹杂物含量分别为15.308个/mm^2、8.705个/mm^2、6.563个/mm^2、4.373个/mm^2,夹杂物去除效果好;非稳态铸坯中大型夹杂物含量为100.34mg/10kg,是稳态浇铸时夹杂物含量的2.37倍;经能谱分析知非稳态铸坯大型夹杂物中含K、Na结晶器示踪元素的夹杂物占到总量的72%,表明非稳态浇铸对钢液洁净度有很大影响,浇铸过程中应注意结晶器液面波动等非稳态因素对铸坯质量的影响。     

Effect of rare earth elements on the microstructure and property for magnesium alloy AM60B

The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy AM60B alloy were studied. Different proportions of rare earth elements were added to AM60B and the tensile tests were carried out under different temperatures. The experimental results show that at room temperature the tensile strength of AM60B can be improved with the addition of rare earth elements. The ductility of which at room or elevated temperature (120℃) can also be improved, and the ductility is to some extent in proportion with the amount of rare earth elements. The ductility at 120℃ is better than that at room temperature. The microstructure graphs demonstrate that appropriate amount of rare earth elements (0.1%-0.2%, mass fraction) can fine AM60B's grain and improve its ductility.     

稀土元素对耐候钢元素偏析的影响

应用金属原位统计分布分析技术(OPA)研究了耐候钢铸锭中C、P、S、Cu、Si和Mn的宏观偏析规律,并分析了稀土元素对耐候钢中元素偏析的影响.结果表明,在30%～40%等轴晶率,20℃过热度下,元素C、S、P和Cu能产生严重的宏观偏析,C、S呈中心正偏析,P、Cu呈中心负偏析并伴随有反偏析,而Si和Mn的分布较为均匀.各个元素中心偏析位置完全相同.稀土元素在钢中的固溶度为10-5～10-4,固溶稀土元素可以细化枝晶,提高等轴晶率.钢中加入质量分数0.38%～0.55%的稀土元素可以有效改善C、S、P和Cu的宏观偏析.     

河南老湾金矿床流体包裹体及稀土元素地球化学研究

老湾金矿床产于中元古界龟山组,主要岩性为二云石英片岩和斜长角闪片岩。矿体受NWW向的韧脆性构造和NE向及NW向的次级构造控制,呈似层状、层状和脉状产出。矿床流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体具有中-低温度、低盐度和低密度特征;流体包裹体液相成分中富含K+、Na+,二者比值显示成矿流体主要为岩浆水。矿床、围岩和老湾花岗岩的稀土元素研究认为,成矿物质主要来源于围岩和花岗岩。     

Effects of rare earth elements on the microstructureand properties of magnesium alloy AZ91D

The effects of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of magnesium alloy AZ91D alloy were studied. The different proportion of rare earth elements was added to the AZ91D and the tensile tests were carried out at different temperatures. The experimental results show that at room temperature or at 120℃ the AZ91D's strength decrease with the increasing amount of the rare earth elements. However, the ductility is improved. The influence of 0.14%Sb (mass fraction) on the AZ91D's strength is like that of rare earth elements (0.2%-0.4%) (mass fraction). Microstructure graphs demonstrate that appropriate amount of rare earth elements (0.1%-0.2%) can fine AZ91D's grain and improve its ductility.     

添加钨和稀土元素对TiAl合金性能的影响

采用机械合金化结合粉末冶金技术制备Ti-44.7Al、Ti-44.7Al-xW、Ti-44.7Al-xLa-yCe合金材料,采用透射电镜和金相显微镜研究不同W、La、Ce添加量对机械合金化TiAl基合金的显微组织的影响,并对合金的力学性能进行测试.研究表明,在不添加任何元素时TiAl合金颗粒的平均尺寸为30～60 μm,但添加微量稀土元素La、Ce对TiAl基合金的细化作用非常明显,其平均尺寸为20 μm;通过机械合金化在TiAl基合金系统中添加微量W元素会形成新的固溶体相,这种新成分相大大提高TiAl基合金的抗弯强度σb,当W添加量为1.0%时,σb达到峰值,随后随着W原子数分数的增加,抗弯强度降低;TiAl合金的抗弯强度σb开始随着稀土元素La的增加而增加,在0.5%原子数分数处达到峰值,然后强度随稀土原子数分数的继续增加而下降;而合金的强度却随添加Ce的原子数分数的增加而直线下降,同时添加W的TiAl合金的强度高于加稀土La、Ce的TiAl合金的强度.     

Effect of CeO_2 on heat transfer and crystallization behavior of rare earth alloy steel mold fluxes

To improve the heat transfer capability and the crystallization property of the traditional mold flux, CaF_2 was replaced with B_2O_3. Then, the influences of CeO_2 on the heat transfer and the crystallization of the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the new mold flux with 10 wt% B_2O_3 were studied using a slag film heat flux simulator and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results revealed that the addition of CeO2 reduced the heat transfer by increasing the solid slag thickness and the crystallization of two mold fluxes. However, CeO_2 had less effect on the B_2O_3-containing mold flux compared with the CaF_2-bearing mold flux. According to the analyses, the CeO_2 contents in the CaF_2-bearing mold flux and the B_2O_3-containing mold flux should not exceed 8 wt% and 12 wt%, respectively. Therefore, these experimental results are beneficial to improve and develop the mold flux for casting rare earth alloy steels.     

稀土在WC颗粒复合耐磨材料中的作用

为了提高ＷＣ硬质合金颗粒复合材料的耐磨性,向复合材料的金属基体中加入了不同数量的稀土。采用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线能谱仪、显微硬度计、台式冲击试验机以及销盘式磨损试验机等试验手段,对稀土加入量不同的几种ＷＣ硬质合金颗粒复合材料的金属基体进行了稀土分布及显微组织的分析,测定了基体组织的显微硬度及复合材料的韧性和耐磨性。研究结果表明,稀土富集于奥氏体与碳化物和奥氏体与共晶体两种界面处,少量固溶于奥氏体中。加入适量的稀土产生了明显的微合金化作用,使共晶组织显著细化,提高了金属基体的硬度和韧性以及复合材料的耐磨性。     

Effect of rare earth elements on the structures and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys

By means of first-principles calculations,we have investigated the effects of rare earth elements (REEs) on the structures and mechanical properties of magnesium.The lattice parameters,elastic constants,bulk moduli,shear moduli,Young’s moduli and anisotropic parameter of these solid solutions have been calculated and analyzed.The nearest-neighbor distance between Mg and the REEs is also analyzed to explore the correlation with the bulk moduli.The results show that the 4f-electrons and atomic radii play an important role in the strengthening process.The anomalies of the lattice parameters and mechanical properties at Eu and Yb are due to the half-filled and full-filled 4f-electron orbital states.Finally,the increase of directional bonding character near the alloying elements may account for the anisotropy and brittleness of these magnesium alloys.     

Rare earth elements in CO2-fluid inclusions in mantle Iherzolite

Trace elements including REE (Rare Earth Elements) in fluid inclusions in lherzolite, olivine, orthopyroxene, and clinopy-roxene have been determined by heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS (Element Type Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry)method. Normalized CO₂ fluid/chondrite data show that mantle fluids are rich in REEs, especially LREEs (Light Rare Earth Ele-ments), several times or dozen times higher than mantle rocks and mantle mininerals. There are close relationships among the REE data of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and lherzolite. Compared to the data of chemical dissolution method, it is believed that REE data obtained from heating-decrepitation and ICP-MS technique are contributed by CO₂ fluid inclusions. About 60% (mass fraction) of tiny inclusions are observed not to be decrepitated above 1000℃, so REE data obtained are only contributed by decrepi-tated inclusions. Mantle fluids rich in LREE play an important role in mantle metasomatism, partial melting and mineralization.