肌动蛋白在子代杆状病毒胞内运输过程中的作用

重组病毒AcMNPV-GFP-actin(ph-)能在晚期和极晚期成功表达外源肌动蛋白,其生长特性与野生型AcMNPV没有明显的差别.在重组病毒同步感染的Sf9细胞中,肌动蛋白从细胞质转运到细胞核内,然后又向细胞质转运并且发生聚合;到感染极晚期从细胞核全部转运到细胞质,此时受染细胞核中进行正常的病毒粒子的组装.用CD处理重组病毒感染的细胞并不能阻止肌动蛋白在细胞内转运的变化规律,只是推迟了变化出现的时间,并使肌动蛋白发生聚合.     

肌动蛋白的聚合动力学研究进展

肌动蛋白的聚合和解聚动力学过程与其功能的行使有密不可分的关系:肌动蛋白如要在细胞内行使其功能就一定涉及到其聚合动力学过程.肌动蛋白的聚合过程可分为4个步骤:肌动蛋白单体的活化;肌动蛋白单体聚合成核;肌动蛋白纤维生长的过程;聚合达到动态平衡,肌动蛋白纤维不再生长.一些影响肌动蛋白聚合过程的因素,比如,核酸和肌动蛋白相关蛋白也在文中做了讨论.其目的在于更深入地了解生物大分子如何组装成更复杂的体系以及这些体系在细胞中怎么行使功能.     

布氏轮藻肌动蛋白基因家族的全基因组鉴定及表达分析

为了解肌动蛋白actin在轮藻植物生长发育中的潜在功能，本研究利用生物信息学方法对布氏轮藻肌动蛋白基因家族进行了鉴定及表达分析.在布氏轮藻中共鉴定出16个肌动蛋白基因，将其重命名为CbACT1～CbACT16,其氨基酸长度为361～1182 AA,相对分子质量为39 886.71～117 256.72 Da,等电点介于4.68～8.93;亚细胞定位预测显示15个肌动蛋白基因位于细胞质中，1个位于叶绿体中；二级结构结果表明肌动蛋白基因主要以无规则卷曲和α螺旋为主；共线性分析中仅发现一对源自片段重复的旁系同源基因；系统发育结果表明轮藻肌动蛋白基因可以分为两个亚家族，结合基因结构及保守基序分析，同一亚家族倾向于具有相似的外显子分布，较多的共有基序；基于启动子顺势作用元件分析表明，16个肌动蛋白基因参与了许多与生物和非生物胁迫、激素调节和光反应有关的生命活动.组织表达分析显示，16个基因在四种不同组织中存在差异性表达，表明它们在不同组织的生长发育过程中具有不同的功能.因此，轮藻肌动蛋白基因家族可能参与了轮藻植物不同组织的发育过程及响应生物和非生物胁迫等的过程.     

多头绒泡菌线粒体中肌动蛋白的免疫细胞化学鉴定

自多头绒泡菌(Physarum polycephalum Schw.)原质团中分离线粒体,以兔抗肌动蛋白抗体为一抗,荧光素标记的羊抗兔IgG和辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔IgG作二抗进行间接免疫荧光和蛋白质免疫印迹实验.结果显示,线粒体中含有与肌动蛋白抗体呈阳性反应的抗原.以兔抗肌动蛋白抗体作一抗,金颗粒标记的蛋白A作二抗进行的间接免疫电子显微镜实验结果进一步证明了肌动蛋白是多头绒泡菌线粒体的组成成分,并在线粒体中呈散在分布.     

含果蝇肌动蛋白基因的重组棉铃虫核型多角体病毒的构建

本实验利用昆虫杆状病毒表达载体，将果蝇肌动蛋白基因5Cactin克隆入杆状病毒表达载体，以棉铃虫单核衣壳核多角体病毒为亲本病毒，在脂质体介导下共转染棉铃虫细胞，空斑纯化得到重组病毒，以深入研究棉铃虫病毒在入侵、复制及装配过程中，宿主肌动蛋白的动态变化对病毒复制的作用与影响。     

运动对骨骼肌肌动蛋白的影响研究评述

阐述了肌动蛋白的机构、功能及影响其聚合的因素,评述了运动对其影响的研究现状.评述发现：已有的研究成果大多是从肌动蛋白的mRNA水平来反映肌动蛋白的变化,但mRNA的水平并不能完全反映蛋白质的变化,蛋白质组学技术是解决这一问题的一种有效的方法.     

一种新的水稻肌动蛋白基因Act的分子克隆及特征分析

以植物Rho家族成员osRACD为诱饵,采用酵母双杂交体系从水稻幼穗中分离到肌动蛋白基因家族的一个新成员-Act.借助5′RACE技术克隆到该基因的cDNA全长,其中含有一个1134?bp的读码框,编码377个氨基酸和一个终止密码子.同源性比较显示与其他已知的水稻肌动蛋白有81.8%～96%的相似性. 生物信息学方法分析了蛋白的修饰位点、基因的结构和进化关系. Southern杂交显示Act是单拷贝基因,RT-PCR显示该基因在多种组织有广泛的表达,但在不同发育阶段表达量有明显变化. 还就Rho家族和肌动蛋白家族在进化和功能上的关系进行了讨论.     

运动对骨骼肌α-actin基因表达影响的研究综述

依据骨骼肌肌动蛋白在机体运动能力上的重要作用和地位,从分子水平,主要论述了运动对骨骼肌肌动蛋白(α-actin)及其基因表达的影响和运动后恢复过程中骨骼肌α-actin及其基因表达的变化,以期为这方面的更深入研究作一参考.     

运动对骨骼肌α-actin基因表达影响的研究综述

依据骨骼肌肌动蛋白在机体运动能力上的重要作用和地位,从分子水平,主要论述了运动对骨骼肌肌动蛋白(-αactin)及其基因表达的影响和运动后恢复过程中骨骼肌α-actin及其基因表达的变化,以期为这方面的更深入研究作一参考。     

盐生盐藻肌动蛋白基因及其5′上游片段的克隆

在盐生盐藻 c DNA文库和基因组文库中对肌动蛋白基因进行了筛选 ,结果得到了一个c DNA克隆和两个基因克隆 ,并进一步从基因克隆中克隆出该基因的 5′上游片段 .检索结果表明 ,所得到的 c DNA和基因属于盐生盐藻的肌动蛋白基因 .通过将盐生盐藻肌动蛋白基因序列同其c DNA序列及其他生物的肌动蛋白序列相比较 ,给出了一个此基因 5′上游区大概的结构     

Impact of nuclear actin on the prophase chromosome construction of Physarum polycephalum

A cell-free system efficiently promoting mitosis has been developed using the precise natural synchronous plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum. The content changes of nuclear cyclin B were exploited to represent the prophase process of Physarum polycephalum. The possible function of nuclear actin on chromosome construction was investigated by detecting the content changes of nuclear cyclin B in the late G2 phase nuclei treated with cytochalasin B and incubated in the cell-free system. Our results showed that nuclear actin plays an important role in the process of the chromosome construction.     

Formins： Bringing new insights to the organization of actin cytoskeleton

The actin cytoskeleton is an important component of eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton and is temporally and spatially controlled by a series of actin binding proteins (ABPs). Among ABPs, formin family proteins have attracted much attention as they can nucleate unbranched actin filament from the profilin bound actin pool in vivo. In recent years, a number of formin family members from different organisms have been reported, and their characteristics are known more clearly, although some questions are still to be clarified. Here, we summarize the structures, func-tions and nucleation mechanisms of different formin family proteins, intending to compare them and give some new clues to the study of formins.     

Polymerization of fluorescent analogue of plant actinin vitro andin vivo

Maize pollen actin has been labeled with Oregon Green 488 iodoacetamide. A yield of 3 mg fluorescent actin analogue has been obtained from 10 mg of maize pollen actin, which is 99% in purity and the dye/protein ratio is 72%. In the presence of Mg²⁺ and K⁺, the fluorescent actin analogue polymerized into filamentsin vitro. Green fluorescent filaments were observed when the fluorescent actin was introduced into living plant cells by microinjection, indicating that the fluorescent actin analogue functions similarly to the native actin.     

Progresses in studies of nuclear actin

Actin is a protein abundant in cells. Recently, it has been proved to be universally existent in the nuclei of many cell types. Actin and actin-binding proteins, as well as aetin-related proteins, are necessary for the mediation of the conformation and function of nuclear actin, including the transformation of actin between unpolymerized and polymerized, chromatin remodeling, regulation of gene expression and RNA processing as well as RNA transportation. In this paper, we summarized the progresses in the research of nuclear actin.     

Dynamic organization of actin cytoskeleton during the polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplasts

The formation of the polarity of pollen protoplast and the dynamics of actin cytoskeleton were observed by non-fixation, Alexa-Phalloidin probing and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our results showed that the protoplast obtained from stored pollen contained numerous crystalline fusiform bodies to constitute a storage form of actin. When dormant pollen was hydrated, the actin cytoskeleton forms a fine network spreading uniformly in the protoplast. In the process of polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, actin filaments marshaled slowly to the brim, and then formed multilayer continuous actin filament bundles surrounding the cortical of the protoplast. When the protoplast was exposed to actin filament-disrupting drugs, such as Latrunculin A and Cytochalasin D, continuously arranged actin bundles were disturbed and in this condition, the protoplast could not germinate. But when exposed to actin filament stabiling drug-phalliodin, the dynamics of actin filaments in the protoplasts behaved normally and the protoplasts could germinate normally. These results were also confirmed by the pharmacology experiments on pollen grains. And when Latrunculin A or Cytochalasin D was washed off, the ratio of pollen germination was resumed partly. All the results above show that the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton are critical in the cell polarity formation and germination of pollen protoplast, and that the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton is mainly due to the rearrangement of actin filament arrays.     

From pollen actin to crop male sterility

Actin plays an important role in the life activity of animal and plant cells. Pollen cells have plenty of actin whose structure and characteristics are very similar to the animal actin. The nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of plant actin gene are very similar to those of the animal gene. The content of pollen actin from male sterile plants is much more lower than that from its maintainer plants. The expression of actin gene is organ-specific during the plant development. The expression quantity of actin gene in pollen is much more higher than those from root, stem and leaf. The expression plasmid of the anti-sense actin gene was constructed, transferred to the protoplasts of wheat and tomato to inhibit the expression of actin gene in pollen and thus the male sterile plants of wheat and tomato were obtained. The actin in pollens from the transgenic plants was reduced significantly, whereas the pistil was not affected. This study might pave a new way to breeding male sterile lines for the application of hybrid vigor of wheat and tomato.     

Immunocytochemical identification of actin in mitochondria of Physarum polycephalum

Mitochondria isolated from the plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum Schw. are reacted with rabbit anti-actin antibody, and detected with FITC-conjugated sheep anti-rabbit IgG antibody. The results of indirect immunofluorescence show that actin exists in the mitochondria. Western blot analysis confirms the existence of actin in the protein preparation of the mitochondria. The indirect immunoelectron microscopic observation using the same antibodies verifies further that actin is the constituents of mitochondria, and it is dispersively distributed in the mitochondria of P. polycephalum.