水位循环升降作用下粉土变形及沉降机理

地下水位升降变化是浅层地下水普遍存在现象,常常导致土层结构与土体性质发生变化,从而影响地基土变形与沉降.以洛阳地区粉土为研究对象,通过水位循环升降模拟试验,研究水位循环升降作用下粉土孔隙水压力、土压力周期性变化规律及由此产生的变形沉降特性.试验表明:孔隙水压力周期性变化是导致土体周期性变形的主要原因,两者具有相似的周期性变化规律;孔隙水压力对水位升降表现出瞬时响应,而变形则呈现滞后性.通过机理分析发现,振荡孔隙水压力是土体中饱和-非饱和状态转变的根本原因,而残余孔隙水压力的衰减消散是土层产生固结沉降的驱动力.     

考虑固结效应的筏板基础与地基共同作用弹塑性数值分析

地基固结作用呈现明显的非线性特征,对建筑物沉降变形的影响不容忽视,为此,基于Biot固结理论,对于地基土采用Mohr—Coulomb理想弹塑性模型,对筏板基础与地基共同作用问题进行了非线性固结弹塑性有限元数值分析．计算结果表明地基中孔隙水压力的消散及其相关的Mandel—Cryer效应与筏板基础的内力变形特性的时间效应具有密切的联系,地基固结作用对筏板-地基共同作用体系的内力变形特性具有显著的影响．因此,在结构-地基相互作用分析与工程设计中考虑地基固结效应是十分必要的．     

土坝地震孔隙水压力产生、扩散和消散的有限单元法动力分析

本文将地震产生的振动孔隙水压力与土坝和地基的变形和固结紧密结合起来,将振动孔隙水压力引入著名的皮奥(Biot)方程式中,用等参数有限单元法联立求解位移和残余孔隙水压力;提出了一种适用于土坝和地基动力分析的非线性二维有效应力分析方法.采用该法,不仅可以计算地震动应力、动应变、加速度,而且可以计算地震期和地震结束后的孔隙水压力增长、扩散、消散、液化的发生发展过程、土的残余体积变形及其随着时间的变化.文中以加权剩余值法为基础,进行了详细的有限单元法分析与公式推导.作为算例,文末给出了在地震作用下辽宁盖县石门土坝的计算结果.     

基于强夯大变形的地基流固动力耦合分析

根据流固动力耦合方法分析强夯加固地基机理,在土体的应变位移关系上采用大变形假设,建立土体非线性动力平衡方程和整体流固动力耦合方程.在算例数值分析中给出了地基位移、孔隙压力在强夯作用时间内和空间中的变化分布规律,得到了夯锤的最大夯沉量,计算了夯击后地基孔隙压力的消散行为,计算结果与济南绕城高速公路强夯法施工现场的测试结果较符合.     

反压护道在贵惠高速公路软土地基处理中的应用

本文在现场监测分析的基础上,结合地基变形特征的模拟,研究原地基、反压后的地基和固结后的反压地基的变形与稳定性变化情况,重点比较三种状态地基的竖向沉降、横向位移、剪应力、剪应变、孔隙水压力的变形程度。研究结果表明:相对于原路基来说,反压后的路基使原路基的坡脚产生较大的竖向沉降,并产生指向路基中点的水平位移,而且最大剪应力、最大剪应变及孔隙水压力都有所减少。相对于反压后的路基来说,固结后的反压路基使地基在面层范围内有了较大的竖向沉降,并产生指向路基中点的水平位移,而且最大剪应力、最大剪应变及孔隙水压力都有所减少。文章最后综合实测的沉降量与数值模拟,对路基最终的工后沉降做出了预测。     

黏土中宽浅式筒型基础与地基的地震响应

我国近海地基以软黏土地基为主,在地震频发的场地中,地震荷载的作用会导致浅层黏土地基的土强度发生弱化,而宽浅式筒型基础是一种新型的海上风电基础,其入土深度较浅,因此宽浅式筒型基础对地震作用下浅层土体的强度弱化较为敏感.为研究黏土中宽浅式筒型基础与地基的地震响应规律,以实际场地中原型宽浅式筒型基础为依据,参照原型宽浅式筒型基础的1阶自振频率设计并开展了一系列离心机振动台试验,监测了宽浅式筒型基础作用下黏土地基在震中和震后的孔隙水压力响应,分析了宽浅式筒型基础和黏土地基的加速度变化,研究了筒型基础作用下黏土地基的剪应力-剪应变关系,揭示了黏土地基中宽浅式筒型基础结构与地基的动力响应规律.结果表明,地震作用下黏土地基中的超静孔隙水压力累积存在滞后效应,且位于筒型基础中心线上土体的超静孔隙水压力相对较小,宽浅式筒型基础产生的大面积附加荷载作用有利于减小黏土地基振动弱化程度;随着埋深的减小,黏土地基的加速度在ELCentro波作用下呈线性衰减规律,在SIN波作用下呈非线性衰减规律,塔筒处加速度与基础顶盖处加速度相当且峰值加速度明显小于浅层地基;基础底面以下土体的应力应变滞回圈随埋深的增加而增大,而基础底面处土体的剪应变明显提高.     

金川矿区深部巷道围岩流固耦合稳定性数值模拟

 地下水渗流会影响巷道围岩力学性质,本文结合流固耦合基本原理,以金川二矿区深部巷道为例,采用MIDAS/GTS建立了金川二矿区1000m水平某巷道流固耦合模型,研究渗流对围岩应力场、围岩变形及开挖卸载影响。计算结果表明,渗流作用对巷道围岩竖向应力的影响大于水平应力,渗流也导致围岩最大、最小主应力比无水时偏大。渗流和无水状态下围岩变形空间分布具有相似性,渗流对巷道围岩水平位移影响相对较小,但对围岩竖向位移影响较大,其中巷道拱部竖向位移明显大于无水状态,渗流时拱部最大位移约为8.2mm,而无水时仅2.3mm左右。因此,渗流效应将导致巷道顶板稳定性变差。开挖卸载对渗流场的影响表明,开挖后巷道周边压力水头迅速降低,孔隙水压力最小降为零,且孔隙水压力也从水平层状分布变为沿巷道轮廓环形带状分布。     

波浪荷载作用下桩周土体孔隙水压力试验研究

基于改造的圆筒试验设备,通过加载装置控制模型土体上方的波压力,实现对波浪荷载作用下的桩周土体响应试验的模拟.研究不同的波浪周期、波压力和土体相对密实度等参数对桩周土体孔隙水压力的影响;分析试验中土体孔隙水压力最大振幅值随深度的变化情况以及液化情况.结果表明:较小的波浪周期、波压力会使土体内孔隙水压力最大振幅值随深度衰减得更快;桩底附近的土体内孔隙水压力出现突然增大现象,即出现桩端孔压放大效应;波浪周期、波压力等对桩端孔压放大效应的影响较大.     

堤坝砂土地基液化的数值模拟

基于足立－岗循环弹塑性模型和固液两相介质耦合的有效应力反应分析方法,数值模拟分析了模型试验中的堤坝及其砂土地基,揭示了幅值为0.1g和0.2g正弦波动荷载下提坝的动力反应过程,并与振动模型试验的结果进行了比较分析。结果表明,该反应分析方法能够合理求得土体中孔隙水压力,有效应力,加速度变化过程以及堤坝的沉降变形。     

波流共同作用下砂质海床动力响应

摘要：
基于饱和土两相混合u-p(土骨架变形-饱和土孔隙水压力)理论,采用基于上下负荷面和各向异性的砂土液化本构模型,建立一个多孔介质弹塑性海床模型,用于分析波流共同作用下砂质海床动力响应规律.计算分析了波流共同作用下,砂质海床瞬时振荡孔隙水压力与残余孔隙水压力累积的响应规律,并获得了海床液化深度的变化规律.此外,比较了采用弹性与弹塑性砂土本构模型时,海床在波流作用下的动态响应差异. 关键词：
两相混合理论; 波流; 砂性海床; 波浪参数; 液化深度; 弹塑性本构 中图分类号： TU 443
文献标志码： A     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.