纳米TiO2的制备、表征及其表面光电性能研究

采用均匀沉淀和直接沉淀2种方法合成了纳米TiO2,对所得产物进行了透射电镜和粒度分布的测试．结果表明：均匀沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布均匀,团聚少,并且粒径较小,大约在20nm左右,基本呈球形;直接沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布不够均匀,团聚现象比较严重,有较大颗粒存在,粒径在40nm左右,近似呈球形．对均匀沉淀法制得的TiO2前驱物采用不同的灼烧温度和灼烧时间,得到了不同晶型和粒径的TiO2粉体．对相同灼烧温度、不同灼烧时间的TiO2进行了XRD测试．并从均匀沉淀法制备的不同粒径的金红石型纳米TiO2中选取3种不同粒径的样品,进行了表面光电压测试和分析．     

CuO纳米晶的一步超声室温固相合成及表征

在室温条件和超声波作用下,通过固相化学反应一步合成了CuO纳米晶,用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）及电子衍射法（ED）分析了固相产物的物相,用透射电镜（TEM）观测粒子的大小、形貌、粒径及粒径分布．结果表明,产物为颗粒大小均匀、晶粒形貌为近似球形粒状,平均粒径约为20nm的纳米晶,产率为93．1％．改变反应物、反应物配比、掺入惰性物质、加入微量溶剂或表面活性剂、研磨不同的时间等固相反应条件对合成CuO纳米晶的晶粒形貌、粒度和粒径分布有一定影响．     

粒径均匀的纳米BaTiO3粉体制备

本文分析了纳米超细粉体制备的化学沉淀法中溶液滴加法混合的缺点:胶粒生成、团聚与陈化等在时间顺序上逐渐发生而严重不同一,成为粉体颗粒分散性好、粒径均匀的障碍.本文将溶液滴加混合改为快速混合,发挥各因素同一性和优势,通过草酸共沉淀法制备成颗粒分散性好、粒径均匀、只有软团聚的纳米BaTiO3粉体,平均粒径达到28 nm.     

粒径均匀的纳米BaTiO3粉体制备

本文分析了纳米超细粉体制备的化学沉淀法中溶液滴加法混合的缺点：胶粒生成、团聚与陈化等在时间顺序上逐渐发生而严重不同一,成为粉体颗粒分散性好、粒径均匀的障碍．本文将溶液滴加混合改为快速混合。发挥各因素同一性和优势,通过草酸共沉淀法制备成颗粒分散性好、粒径均匀、只有软团聚的纳米BaTiO3粉体,平均粒径达到28nm。     

乳化-超声法纳米氧化锌的制备

以ZnSO4·7H2O和NH4HCO3为原料,利用乳化-超声法在常温下制备了多种粒径的氧化锌纳米微粒,并讨论了煅烧温度、反应物浓度及反应物浓度配比对颗粒大小以及结构的影响.XRD物相分析表明所制备的纳米氧化锌具有六方晶系纤锌矿结构.从TEM上来看,氧化锌纳米微粒直径大都在10-85 nm之间,在各种实验条件下制得的纳米ZnO粒径分布均匀,分散性好,呈球形.TG-DTA表明ZnCO3·2Zn(OH)2·H2O在300 ℃已经完全分解.同时表面活性剂Triton X-100和超声辐射均能明显改善纳米微粒的分散性.     

半导体CdS/ZnS核壳结构纳米微粒的制备及光学特性

利用反胶团法合成CAS纳米微粒,并以ZnS对其进行表面修饰,得到具有CdS/ZnS包覆结构的纳米微粒,以紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV)证实了CdS/ZnS核壳结构的实现并表征其光学特征.透射电镜(TEM)表征其粒度和形貌,得到CAS/ZnS包覆结构粒径一般在2-3nm.通过陈化实验发现粒径随时间变化不大.     

低成本无团聚纳米氧化锌的制造

 以硫酸锌、碳酸氢铵为原料,借鉴传统的直接沉淀法生产工艺优点并进行原理性改进,开发出低成本、无团聚、产量大、粒径可控、高品质新型的纳米氧化锌生产工艺,即沉淀-分散法生产工艺.在反应前加入表面活性剂,制得无团聚表面改性的碱式碳酸锌前驱体,用含有表面活性剂的水溶液洗涤,压滤干燥,在380～550℃下保温0.5～1.5h分解制得少团聚的粒径<60nm的纳米氧化锌;然后用无水乙醇作分散介质,将纳米氧化锌球磨2h,进行分散和无团聚化处理,回收乙醇,即制得无团聚、平均粒径35.6nm纳米氧化锌.在实验的基础上分析了纳米氧化锌团聚与分散的机理.     

ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶的光学性质

用微乳液法合成了ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶,并通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、荧光光谱等手段对产物的结构、尺寸、形貌、荧光特性进行了表征。结果表明,ZnS：Tb纳米晶的粒径为3nm,ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶的粒径为5nm左右,这样就得出壳的厚度约为1nm。在ZnS：Tb／SiO2核壳结构纳米晶的发射光谱上可以观察到有5个发射峰为460、489、544、584和620nm,分别对应ZnS基质的发光和Tb^3＋离子的^5D4→^7F6、^5D4→^7F5、^5D4→^7F4、^5D4→^7F3跃迁。     

草酸镧纳米晶体的超声固相化学合成及表征

在表面活性剂存在的条件和超声波作用下,利用不同的镧盐分别与草酸进行低热固相化学反应,合成了稀土金属配合物草酸镧纳米晶体,用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)及电子衍射法(ED)分析了固相产物的物相,用透射电镜(TEM)观测粒子的大小、形貌、粒径及粒径分布.结果表明,产物为颗粒,大小均匀,平均粒径约为30nm的纳米晶,产率为92.8%.改变反应物、反应物配比、掺入惰性物质、加入微量溶剂或表面活性剂、研磨不同的时间等固相反应条件对合成纳米晶颗粒的形貌、粒度和粒径分布等有一定影响.     

反胶束体系中Fe_3O_4/SiO_2核壳结构纳米粒子的制备和表征

在反胶束体系中制备Fe3O4/SiO2核壳结构纳米粒子,并利用透射电子显微镜表征颗粒的结构和形貌.首先,在水体系中采用共沉淀法制备平均粒径为13 nm的Fe3O4纳米粒子,并用有机小分子柠檬酸对其进行表面修饰,加入氨水后形成稳定的Fe3O4胶体溶液.然后,将此胶体溶液作为水相滴加到Triton X-100/环己烷/正丁醇的表面活性剂/油相/助表面活性剂溶液体系中,搅拌后形成稳定的油包水反胶束体系.在反胶束内以氨水为催化剂,使正硅酸乙酯水解,从而获得SiO2包覆的Fe3O4核壳结构纳米粒子.实验结果表明,改变水和表面活性剂Triton X-100的浓度比ω,可以达到调控核壳结构纳米粒子形貌的目的.当ω=9时,可获得尺寸均匀、平均粒径约为100 nm的Fe3O4/SiO2核壳结构纳米粒子.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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