Pseudoautosomal DNA sequences in the pairing region of the human sex chromosomes

A DNA probe from a human Y chromosome-derived cosmid detects a single-copy genomic DNA fragment which can appear in different allelic forms shared by both sex chromosomes. Variants at this DNA locus show an autosomal pattern of inheritance, undergo recombination with sexual phenotype and can therefore be described as 'pseudoautosomal'. Another probe from the same cosmid detects a sequence repeated 15-20 times per haploid genome. These repeats also appear pseudoautosomal and map exclusively to the short-arm terminal region of each sex chromosome.     

Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4

Human chromosome 2 is unique to the human lineage in being the product of a head-to-head fusion of two intermediate-sized ancestral chromosomes. Chromosome 4 has received attention primarily related to the search for the Huntington's disease gene, but also for genes associated with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, polycystic kidney disease and a form of muscular dystrophy. Here we present approximately 237 million base pairs of sequence for chromosome 2, and 186 million base pairs for chromosome 4, representing more than 99.6% of their euchromatic sequences. Our initial analyses have identified 1,346 protein-coding genes and 1,239 pseudogenes on chromosome 2, and 796 protein-coding genes and 778 pseudogenes on chromosome 4. Extensive analyses confirm the underlying construction of the sequence, and expand our understanding of the structure and evolution of mammalian chromosomes, including gene deserts, segmental duplications and highly variant regions.     

Characteristic folding pattern of polytene chromosomes in Drosophila salivary gland nuclei

A computer-based system for recording and analysing light microscope images, combined with classical cytogenetic analysis, has revealed the spatial organization of the giant chromosomes of Drosophila salivary gland cells. Each polytene chromosome arm folds up in a characteristic way, contacts the nuclear surface at specific sites and is topologically isolated from all other arms.     

高等植物中的DNA解旋酶

综述了在离体实验条件下高等植物DNA解旋酶在以下多方面具有重要的生物学功能：包括DNA重组、DNA复制、翻译启始、rDNA转录及在pre-rRNA加工过程早期阶段，双链断裂修复、端粒长度维持、核苷酸切除修复、花发育中的细胞分裂／增殖、基因组甲基化方式保持、植物细胞周期和细胞基本生命活动的维持。最近玉米基因组中发现的解旋子(helitron)插入说明高等植物DNA解旋酶可能在植物生长与发育中有重要调控作用。因而有着重要的生物技术应用价值。     

高等植物中的DNA解旋酶

综述了在离体实验条件下高等植物DNA解旋酶在以下多方面具有重要的生物学功能：包括DNA重组、DNA复制、翻译启始、rDNA转录及在prerRNA加工过程早期阶段,双链断裂修复、端粒长度维持、核苷酸切除修复、花发育中的细胞分裂/增殖、基因组甲基化方式保持、植物细胞周期和细胞基本生命活动的维持。最近玉米基因组中发现的解旋子（helitron)插入说明高等植物DNA解旋酶可能在植物生长与发育中有重要调控作用。因而有着重要的生物技术应用价值。