运用链特异性RT-PCR法进行脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗的灭活验证

运用链特异性逆转录聚合酶链式反应法(RT-PCR)建立了一种快速、灵敏、特异的脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗(IPV)的灭活验证体系.以Sabin株脊髓灰质炎病毒悬液作为阳性对照,对脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗进行检测.结果表明,链特异性RT-PCR法对具有活性的脊髓灰质炎病毒检测为阳性,而对脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗的检测结果为阴性.链特异性RT-PCR法可作为一种简便、快速、灵敏的脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗灭活验证方法,大大缩短了检测周期,在脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗灭活验证的常规检测中具有较好的实际应用价值.     

计算机实验室病毒流行原因研究简

论证了计算机实验室内研究病毒流行规律的意义,明确了流行规律研究的主要内容.结合计算机实验室的特定环境,从主观和客观两个角度对病毒流行原因进行归纳总结,为建立以还原保护技术为主的系统性防毒方案提供了重要参考资料.     

压水试验在船撞破损桥墩裂缝检测中的应用

通过工程实例,介绍了在对被船只等漂浮物撞击受损的桥墩进行裂缝检测的过程中,运用压水试验计算等价裂缝开度判定桥墩裂缝大小及分布情况的方法.该方法在检测时间紧、桥墩高度大,短时间内无法近距离直接对裂缝进行观测的情况下,不失为一种有效实用的方法,而且可以据此对水下、地面线以下桩基础受损情况作出判断.     

依据资源物理学原理重新考虑可持续发展战略实施中的某些技术方案

从熵理论出发分析了资源问题的本质,指出传统观念中一直把资源问题与以"能量"为核心概念的能源问题混同起来,最新研究表明,应以熵概念作为描述资源问题的核心概念.这种概念上的错位使人们对能源的开发和利用的讨论从一开始就在指导思想上误入歧途.我国实施可持续发展的新思路在于根据熵概念对资源问题本质的揭示更新概念,从而为可持续发展的决策优化提供了新的理论基础.     

运筹帷幄方能决胜千里

6月上半月,最引人注目的消息当属6月11日世界卫生组织总干事陈冯富珍宣布把甲型H1N1流感警戒级别升至6级,这意味着世卫组织认为疫情已经发展为全球性"流感大流行"(6月11日新华社).     

Specific in vitro antibody response to influenza virus by human blood lymphocytes.

Advances in understanding of human immune responses depend, for obvious reasons, on the use of in vitro techniques for culture of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). We report here that specific antibody responses to influenza virus can readily be obtained using simple, reproducible methods. The system will be useful for the analysis of the cellular requirements for antibody production, the genetics of immune responsiveness and in clinical studies of immunosuppressed and immunodeficient patients.     

Direct evidence of phosphorus outbreak release from sediment to overlying water in a large shallow lake caused by strong wind wave disturbance

Concentration variations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP), dissolved reactive phosphorus (SRP), and algae available phosphorus (AAP) in overlying water were observed during the coldest week in a year in Lake Taihu, a large shallow lake in China. Water samples at different water depths were collected with wind speeds of 8, 12, 0 and 0 m/s on 23, 24, 26 and 30 January 2004, respectively. On 23 January 2004, SS concentration increased to 258 mg/L with a wind speed of 8 m/s lasting for 1 h. SS concentration kept increasing and reached to 507 mg/L when the strong wind lasted for 24 h and the peak value of wind-speed reached to 12 m/s on 24 January 2004. On 26 January 2004, SS concentrution decreased to 51 mg/L with the wind speed smaller than 2 m/s lasting for about half a day. Then after five continuous waveless days, SS concentration decreased to 21 mg/L on 30 January 2004. The observed results confirmed that sediments in Lake Taihu would be intensively suspended if the surface wind speed is greater than 8 m/s, and the magnitude of SS would increase with increasing wind-speed. Coupled with the intensive sediment suspending, concentrations of TP, DTP and SRP on 23 January were 0.210, 0.048 and 0.035 mg/L, respectively. And they were 0.299, 0.054 and 0.026 mg/L on 24 January, which were significantly higher than those on 26 and 30 January. SRP concentration on 23 January was twice as high as that observed on 30 January. It indicates that the strong wind may result in an outbreak release of phosphorus. Moreover, AAP contents in suspended solids were 132, 97 and 226 mg/kg on 23, 24 and 26 January, respectively. Therefore, it could be estimated that this strong wind process resulted in 987 t of TP, 80 t of SRP and 167 t of AAP releasing from sediments into overlying water. Since such strong wind process is frequent in the area of Lake Taihu, dynamical release driven by wind-induced wave disturbance may be the main mode for internal release of phosphorus. It must have important effects on the nutrient supply during Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu.     

Risk assessment on severe hazards to China caused by West Nile virus

Recent West Nile virus epidemics in USA drawworldwide concerns. Here the basic biological and epidemi-ological features of the virus are analyzed along with thespecial immunity of humans and animals, the immigration ofbirds and the natural environments in China. The risk ofsevere hazards to China caused by West Nile virus is assessednot high thereafter.     

Detection of lymphocystis disease virus infection to flounder gill cells in vitro by monoclonal antibodies

Flounder gill （FG） cells were used to isolate lymphocystis disease virus （LCDV） and two monoclonal antibodies （Mabs） （1A8 and 3G3） against LCDV were used to trace LCDV infection to FG cells. FG monolayer cells was inoculated with LCDV supernatant, obtained from lymphocystis cells of diseased flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. LCDV infection was detected with Mabs employing immunocytochemical assay （ICA） and indirect immunofluorescence assay test （IIFAT） technique. Detected by IIFAT, they were specifie for LCDV. The results of experimental infection illustrated that FG cells was sensitive to LCDV, and showed virus-infection positive detected by ICA. Cytopathic effect （CPE） occurred 1-2 days post inoculation （PI）, and half tissue culture infection dosage （TCID50） of vires supematant was 2^2.57 per 40μl. Tracing by IIFAT showed that LCDV positive signal first appeared at the cell membrane immediately PI, and then in cytoplasm at 24h PI, it reached the strongest positive at 48-72 h PI, and began to decrease at 96h PI.     

Generation of transgenic wheat resistant to wheat yellow mosaic virus and identification of gene silence induced by virus infection

The plasmid containing the promoter Act1, the coat protein (cp) gene of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and the selectable bar gene, was delivered via particle bombardment, directly into immature embryos of a wheat cultivars. PCR and PCR-RFLP were employed to screen the existence of the cp gene in T0 and T1 generations. Seeds from the positive T1 plants were sowed in fields heavily contaminated with WYMV to detect their resistance. In field trial of virus infection, one of the transgenic wheat lines, P8-T2, exhibited highly disease-resistance. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of cp gene in the resistant transgenic line was reduced greatly compared to those susceptible to WYMV infection. This provided evidence to presume that the resistance obtained by the transgenic wheat line was stimulated by the mechanism of the virus induced gene silencing.     

纳米铝佐剂诱导鸡提前产生抗AIVH9体液免疫应答

接种灭活油佐剂疫苗是目前国内防控禽流感主要的措施,为有效防控禽流感的流行发挥了重要的作用,但灭活苗首次接种后需要较长时间抗体才能达到有效保护水平.纳米颗粒具有独特的生物学特性,作为疫苗佐剂能引起机体强烈的免疫应答.本研究用纳米铝颗粒作为AIV H9的佐剂,结果显示,小鸡产生有效免疫保护抗体时间较常规油佐剂疫苗提前4天且无副反应,但抗体峰值和持续时间均低于油佐剂疫苗.氢氧化铝纳米颗粒作为佐剂可能对禽流感等重大传染病的紧急预防接种具有潜在的应用价值.