碳纳米管负载Mo-Co-S基HDS/H DN催化剂的制备及其表征研究

用自行制备的多壁碳纳米管(简写为CNTs)作为载体制备负载型Mo-Co-S催化剂,记为:m%MoiCoj/CNTs(m%为质量百分数),用噻吩加氢脱硫(HDS)和吡咯加氢脱氮(HDN)作为探针反应,XRD、XPS和H2-TPD作为表征手段,考察Co/Mo摩尔比、MoiCoj负载量及Co和Mo的浸渍顺序对所制备催化剂的结构和催化性能的影响.研究结果表明,对于本文自行制备CNTs负载的Mo-Co-S催化剂,最佳的Co/Mo摩尔比为1:3,最适宜的Mo3Co1负载量为～7.2%(质量百分数),Co和Mo的浸溃顺序以"先浸渍Co、经干燥焙烧后浸渍Mo"为佳.与AC负载的参比体系相比,CNTs负载催化剂较易于被还原,工作态催化剂表面具有催化活性的Mo物种(Mo4 )在总负载Mo量中所占份额较高;在另一方面,在HDS/HDN反应条件下,作为载体的CNTs的表面存在着数量更加可观的吸附氢物种,这些活泼氢物种通过"溢流"容易传输至Mo-Co-S催化活性位,于是有助于提高表面加氢反应的速率.以上两方面因素对CNTs负载Mo-Co-S催化剂上高的HDS/HDN反应活性都有重要贡献.     

炭微球负载钴催化剂的原位制备及其催化产氢性能研究

分别以葡萄糖和硝酸钴为炭源和钴源,采用水热炭化法原位制备了炭微球负载钴金属催化剂(Co/CMS),借助扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDX)表征所制催化剂微观形貌和元素组成,利用该催化剂进行了催化硼氢化钾水解产氢实验并分析了相关催化反应的动力学过程。结果表明,所制Co/CMS催化剂球状形态完整、尺寸分布均匀,炭微球平均直径约为3.98μm,钴金属均匀负载于炭微球表面;Co/CMS催化剂对硼氢化钾水解产氢反应具有较高的催化活性,负载钴金属对催化剂的性能有显著影响,钴负载量为25%的Co/CMS催化剂催化产氢效率达到11 088 mL_(H_2)·g■·h~(-1);产氢速率受硼氢化钾溶液浓度影响不大,但对反应温度较敏感;钴负载量为25%的Co/CMS催化剂催化硼氢化钾溶液水解制氢反应的活化能约为33.75 kJ·mol~(-1),低于Pt/C和Ru/C贵金属催化剂相应值,表明所制Co/CMS催化剂对硼氢化钾水解产氢具有较好的催化性能。     

负载型钴催化剂促进的不饱和脂肪酸酯中的双键过氧化

考察了负载型催化剂Co/Al2O3的不饱和脂肪酸酯中双键的过氧化反应性能,结合物相组成和形貌特征分析发现,低负载量时催化剂表面形成的界面型Co3O4活性物种,过氧化活性较高,而负载量增加则造成游离态Co2O3物种对原活性位的覆盖,过氧化活性在钴负载量为3%(质量分数)时达到最高.通过比较负载型钴催化剂的H2-TPR结果,揭示出界面型Co3O4物种在催化循环中具有活化分子氧的优势,加速了过氧化反应的速控步骤.经对过氧化反应的温度、时间、空气流速以及原料酯交换程度等工艺参数优化后,获得了过氧化值(POV)为546 mmol/kg的过氧化效率,这将有助于合成亚硫酸化程度较高的皮革加脂剂.     

活性炭负载Fe_2O_3催化臭氧降解丁香酚

应用制备的活性炭(AC)负载活性组分催化剂催化臭氧处理丁香酚模拟废水,通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射仪和比表面积分析仪对制备的催化剂特性进行表征,考察了AC负载活性组分的种类和初始pH值、负载量、催化剂加入量对催化臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)(重铬酸盐指数)去除效果的影响,并对降解过程中COD_(Cr)的去除反应动力学进行研究.结果表明:AC表面成功负载了活性组分Fe_2O_3、CuO/Cu_2O、CeO_2、NiO,制备的催化剂(Fe/AC、Cu/AC、Ce/AC、Ni/AC)具有明显的催化活性,显著提高了臭氧氧化降解丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的去除效果,催化活性从大到小依次为Fe/ACCe/AC Cu/AC Ni/AC;制备的Fe/AC具有最高的催化活性,在pH值为11、负载量为3%、Fe/AC加入量为0.3g/L条件下,反应60 min后COD_(Cr)去除率达到88. 90%,分别比AC催化臭氧处理和单独臭氧处理提高了21. 13%和29. 95%.动力学分析表明,臭氧氧化、AC、Fe/AC、Ce/AC、Cu/AC、Ni/AC催化臭氧氧化处理丁香酚模拟废水过程中COD_(Cr)的降解符合表观二级动力学规律,活性炭负载的活性组分有效提高了反应的动力学速率.     

可见光诱导Pd-Pt/RGO-g-C3N4催化苯甲醛选择性加氢

构建了还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)掺杂的石墨相碳化氮载体(RGO-g-C_3N_4),制备了负载型双金属Pd-Pt/RGO-g-C_3N_4催化剂,通过高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、氮吸附-脱附和电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP)等手段对催化剂进行了系统表征,并成功将其应用于光催化苯甲醛的选择性加氢反应。考察了RGO的掺杂量、载体的掺杂类型、负载型金属种类等对该催化剂催化性能的影响。实验结果表明:当RGO掺杂量为1%(质量分数),Pd-Pt(n_(Pd)∶n_(Pt)=1∶1)合金负载量为3%(质量分数)时对反应的选择性最高,催化效果最好,苯甲醛催化加氢制备苯甲醇的收率高达81%。研究证实了负载型Pd-Pt/RGO-g-C_3N_4催化剂可以成功实现醛的光催化选择性加氢制醇,并有效克服传统的光催化反应效率低等问题。     

SiO2-CS-Pd对间-硝基苯甲醛的催化氢化

研究了二氧化硅负载的甲壳胺-钯配合物(S iO2-CS-Pd)在间硝基苯甲醛加氢还原中的催化性能,发现此催化剂在温和条件下(0.100 M Pa,40℃)能高活性地催化间硝基苯甲醛还原,得到相应的间胺基苯甲醇.40℃下,反应12 h,间硝基苯甲醛被100%转化,反应产物间胺基苯甲醇收率达到98.6%.通过XPS的表征也确证了S iO2-CS-Pd中N原子与Pd原子之间配位键的形成.反应温度、Pd金属负载量、反应时间、反应溶剂、氢气压力等条件对该催化剂的活性及选择性有明显影响.该催化剂重复使用十次后,催化活性和选择性未见明显下降,具有良好的稳定性.     

铜基N-杂环Pincer配合物的合成、表征以及对芳香化合物的催化研究

将Pincer形配体2,6-双(5-叔丁基-1H-吡唑-3-基)吡啶(H_2L)与CuBr_2反应,合成一种新的配合物[H_2LCuBr_2](H_2L=2,6-双(5-叔丁基-1H-吡唑-3-基)吡啶),并进行元素分析、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT IR)和热重分析等表征。在70℃条件下的乙腈溶液中,以过氧化氢为氧化剂,以H_2LCuBr_2为催化剂,分别对芳族底物如异丙苯、苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和苯甲醇进行了氧化催化活性测试。实验证明该催化剂对苯甲醇、苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的氧化表现出良好的催化活性,主要产品分别为苯甲醛、苯甲醛和苯乙酮。苯甲醇在8 h内转化率为51. 77%,选择性95. 46%;苯乙烯在4 h内转化率为94. 84%,选择性81. 07%;α-甲基苯乙烯在4 h内转化率为99. 80%,选择性97. 91%。通过对苯甲醇氧化反应的质谱跟踪监测,提出了合理的催化反应机理。     

新型磷钼钒杂多酸季铵盐催化氧化苯制苯酚

采用碱式碳酸钴、四丁基溴化铵和磷钼钒杂多酸反应合成系列新型Dawson型磷钼钒酸季铵盐Co(8-n)/2(Bu4N)nP2Mo16V2O62(n=1～8),其中(Bu4N+是C16H36N+)。将其用于乙腈作溶剂,30%过氧化氢作氧化剂催化氧化苯制苯酚的反应过程中,考察了催化剂种类对反应的影响。结果表明,催化剂中各组分在双氧水作用下催化活性较高,任一组分单独作用时催化活性较低,只有当催化剂中钴盐、季铵盐与磷钼酸配比合适时,催化效果才会最优,其中Co2(Bu4N)6P2Mo16V2O62的催化活性最优。在最佳合成条件下,即苯5mL、30%双氧水10mL、催化剂0.176g、乙腈25mL、反应温度65℃、反应时间6h,苯的转化率达40.4%,苯酚的选择性达85%,且催化剂重复使用情况良好。     

催化臭氧氧化工艺中催化剂的制备及性能研究

以粉煤灰为载体,金属氧化物(MnO2、Fe2O3、CuO、Co3O4)为催化活性组分,用等体积浸渍法制备不同单组分和双组分的催化剂,通过催化臭氧氧化处理亚甲基蓝模拟废水来评价催化剂的催化性能,确定了最佳催化剂为MnO2/粉煤灰。通过正交实验确定了制备催化剂的最佳条件:负载量为2%,浸渍时间为20 h,煅烧时间为4 h,煅烧温度为400℃。通过对单独臭氧氧化体系和臭氧/催化剂体系处理亚甲基蓝模拟废水进行比较,可知后者的处理效果有了显著提高,去除率从单独臭氧处理87.67%提高到99.47%。     

类水滑石负载铜基催化剂的CO还原NO催化性能的研究

采用共沉淀法制备Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT型类水滑石,再负载不同比例的Cu O,得到一系列Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱分析(LRS)、N2吸附脱附分析(BET)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、原位红外漫反射(in situ DRIFTS)对样品表征,并且通过CO还原NO研究不同Cu O负载量的催化剂的催化性能。结果表明:8%Cu O/Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O-HT中的活性组分Cu O有较好的分散性,催化剂的还原能力最强,催化活性最好。NO转化率在200℃下就能达到100%,同时也具有较高的选择性,230℃下N2选择性达到100%。当负载量为5%时,负载的Cu O占据了载体表面一些活性位点,使得催化活性和选择性均比未负载的效果更差。当负载量8%的时候,随着负载的Cu O量的增加,Cu3Ce0.2Al0.8-O的前驱体表面的活性位点被Cu O慢慢地覆盖,比表面积减小,使得催化活性下降,还原能力降低,最终达到负载阀值时,尽管Cu O的负载量仍然在增加,但是催化剂的活性和选择性均保持不变。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that