东江流域枯水径流的频率分析

将线性矩法应用于东江流域由13个子流域所组成的研究区域。线性矩法具有良好的参数估计性能。利用广泛应用于枯水研究中的概率点据相关系数检验法,采用5种有效的统计特征量较为深入地分析了6种常用的三参数分布函数,即GEV、GLO、LN 3、GPA、P 3和LP 3分布的区域频率特性。概率点据相关系数检验法和四阶线性矩检验法的计算结果表明,当采用三参数对数正态分布(LN 3)作为研究区域上的枯水频率分布线型时,这5种统计特征量均为最优。因此,建议采用LN 3分布来确定东江流域年最小七日设计枯水流量。     

用TOPMODEL模型模拟流域枯水径流

TOPMODEL模型是以地形为基础的半分布式流域水文模型，被广泛地应用于流域水文模拟中．用该模型对东江流域中的四个流域进行枯季日径流过程模拟，在对模拟结果进行初步分析的基础上，着重以连续多日最小平均流量、基流分割结果等描述枯水径流特点的枯水特征值为研究对象，分析用TOPMODEL模型所模拟出来的枯水流量的模拟精度．综合研究结果表明，采用该模型来模拟枯水期的流量过程可以达到较高的模拟精度．     

基于新安江水文模型的东江流域枯水径流模拟

为了探讨新安江流域水文模型模拟流域枯水径流的可行性及精度,采用该模型对东江流域中的4个子流域进行日径流过程模拟.在采用常规的评价指标对模拟结果进行初步分析的基础上,以描述枯水径流特点的枯水特征值,例如连续多日最小平均流量、基流分割结果、枯水期模拟结果和流量历时曲线等为研究对象,探讨该模型模拟枯水径流的能力.4个子流域的研究结果表明,不论对于常规的评价指标,还是枯水特征值,用新安江流域水文模型来模拟枯水期的流量均能达到较高的精度,因此可采用该模型进行东江流域枯水径流的预测.     

基于不同气候变化情景的东江流域水资源量预测研究

采用半分布式水文模型HSPF,结合1978-1998年东江流域实测气象数据和5个气候模式在3种RCP气候情景(RCP8.5,RCP4.5,RCP2.6)下基准期(1960-2000年)和未来时期(2020-2070年)降水、蒸发情景模拟结果,在对东江流域径流模拟检验基础上,对2020-2070年东江流域水资源量做了深入分析。结果表明,HSPF模型能很好模拟东江流域年、月径流以及洪水期径流变化,博罗站的NASH系数均超过0.81,PBIAS低于10%,RSR低于0.45;所选取气候模式能很好的反映研究流域气象数据在年内分布情况。对未来气候和东江流域水资源量模拟结果表明:1 2020-2070年不同气候变化情景下东江流域降水及蒸发量在RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下均呈上升趋势,而在RCP8.5情景下,东江流域蒸发量则呈现下降趋势;2未来东江流域多年月均径流量呈增加趋势;3未来东江流域不同频率下的洪水和枯水流量均呈不同程度的增长。相对于基准期,未来时期的洪水天数呈增长趋势,洪水灾害有加剧态势。     

混合分布在枯水流量频率分析中的应用研究

概述了枯水频率分析的研究进展,采用低定量取样,应用负二项和指数分布分别拟合低定量系列的年发生次数和量级构成混合分布,并与皮尔逊Ⅲ型（P-Ⅲ）分布进行比较.实测枯水流量系列的计算结果表明：混合分布的拟合和预测效果较好,要优于采用年最小流量取样和P-Ⅲ分布的枯水频率分析;基于低定量取样的分布可利用更多枯水流量信息,具有更强的物理相关性.     

基于短期资料的重庆风速极值渐进分布分析

为克服统计样本容量（重庆地区1990—1999年间的风速资料）过少可能造成的统计误差,采用了月最大风速来拟合年最大风速的极值渐进分布,并通过3种极值分布函数（极值Ⅰ型Gumbel、极值Ⅱ型Freehet、极值Ⅲ型reverse Weibull分布）及广义Parato分布（GPD）拟合结果的对比分析,得到短期风速资料下重庆年最大风速的极值渐进分布用极值Ⅲ型（reverseWeibull）分布拟合较好,它给出了最佳的极值风速估计值．     

喀斯特流域地貌类型对枯水径流特征的影响分析

从水文地貌流域系统的角度出发,分析喀斯特流域地貌类型与枯水径流的关系,并作枯水流量频率分析计算,按地貌形态组合类型把流域分为喀斯特流域、喀斯特化流域和非喀斯特流域3种类型,初步建立喀斯特流域地貌类型对枯水影响的回归方程并检验,揭示喀斯特地区枯水径流的规律,为分析和预测枯水径流提供理论依据。     

雾状水幕2种常用分布函数的近似转换

上限对数正态分布（LN分布）和Rosin-Rammler分布（R-R分布）经常同时用于拟合同一种雾状水幕水滴粒径分布。该文研究这2种分布函数之间能否等价、能否近似相互转换以及转换的条件,为雾状水幕粒度试验数据分析和相关数值计算中的分布函数选择、使用和转换的进一步研究提供参考。在推导上限LN分布函数的累积体积百分比公式和...     

广东省年最高水位多年一遇的极值计算

利用广东省各主要河流的20个水文站的年最高水位资料，采用皮尔逊—Ⅲ型分布理论和适线法进行重现期的极值计算分析。结果表明，采用这种方法拟合效果较好，大多数站点的绝对误差小于0．4m，相对误差小于5％；不管从现有资料分析，还是从多年一遇的极值分析，北江、东江、西江的极值距平值均较大，重现期T＝100a时半数站点的极值距平值在6．0m以上，其中西江流域的梧州站极值距平值最大达8．04m。因此，北江、西江、东江是广东省防洪的重点流域。     

东江流域土地利用变化对径流的影响分析

将流域水文模型HSPF与元胞自动机-马尔科夫(CA-Markov)土地利用预测模型结合,定量评价了东江流域未来土地利用变化的径流响应;并且模拟分析了不同降雨情景下土地利用变化的水文响应。结果表明:HSPF模型可以较好的模拟东江流域的月径流过程,可用于东江流域长期水文变化的评价与研究;未来土地利用变化引起的总径流的改变较小但是地表径流的变化较显著;未来土地利用变化情景下高、低流量值都有所增长,随着城镇建设用地面积比例的进一步增加高流量值随之增长而低流量减少;随着降雨量的增加,径流对于未来土地利用变化的响应程度减弱,降雨量减少,未来土地利用变化的水文效应增强;总的来说,4种降雨情景下未来土地利用变化对总径流的影响都不大,但是对地表径流有较显著的影响。研究过程和结果可为东江流域水资源规划及相关管理决策提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~