Identification and characterization of a salt tolerance-responsive gene( AtGRP9) of Arabidopsis

Soil salinity is one of the important limiting factors for plant growth and development. A cDNA clone encoding a glycine-rich protein (designated AtGRP9) was identified from Arabidopsis by functional expression of the plant cDNA library in the fission yeast S. pombe. Yeast cells overexpressing AtGRP9 displayed significantly enhanced salt tolerance. Northern analysis showed that expression of AtGRP9 in Arabidopsis was induced by NaCl and plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). These results suggest that AtGRP9 may be involved in the salt stress response in Arabidopsis.     

Molecular cloning, expression and biochemical property analysis of AtKP1, a kinesin gene from Arabidopsis thaliana

Kinesins are common in a variety of eukaryotic cells with diverse functions. A cDNA encoding a member of the Kinesin-14B subfamily is obtained using 3＇-RACE technology and named AtKP1 （for Arabidopsis kinesin protein 1）. This cDNA has a maximum open reading frame of 3.3 kb encoding a polypeptide of 1087 aa. Protein domain analysis shows that AtKP1 contains the motor domain and the calponin homology domain in the central and amino-terminal regions, respectively. The carboxyl-terminal region with 202 aa residues is diverse from other known kinesins. Northern blot analysis shows that AtKP1 is widely expressed at a higher level in seedlings than in mature plants. 2808 bp of the AtKP1 promoter region is cloned and fused to GUS. GUS expression driven by the AtKP1 promoter region shows that AtKP1 is mainly expressed in vasculature of young organs and young leaf trichomes, indicating that AtKP1 may participate in the differentiation or development of Arabidopsis thaliana vascular bundles and trichomes. A truncated AtKP1 protein containing the putative motor domain is expressed in E. coil and affinity-purified. In vitro characterizations indicate that the polypeptide has nucleotide-dependent microtubule-binding ability and microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity.     

Monitoring gene expression by cDNA array

A new method designated cDNA array was developed by hybridization of quantitatively arrayed DNA samples isolated randomly from a cDNA library with probes reverse-transcribed from mRNAs of different sources or treatments. The gene expression patterns of 1 000 randomly chosen clones from an Arabidopsis library were analyzed with green seedlings versus suspension cells and seedlings irradiated under UV light. Northern blot and sequence analysis of some differentially expressed clones confirmed the results revealed by cDNA array, indicating that this method is efficient and reliable to monitor gene expression.     

At3g13600截短型蛋白的原核表达载体的构建

拟南芥基因At3g13600编码一种钙调素结合蛋白,序列分析表明,该基因cDNA序列全长1 818 bp,编码一个具有606个氨基酸残基的多肽,推测分子量为68.9 kD;在At3g13600蛋白的N端存在IQ钙调素结合构象.为了从实验上进一步研究该蛋白的钙调素结合特性,通过逆转录聚合酶链式反应( RT-PCR)扩增含...     

拟南芥翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位研究

探讨了拟南芥的翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位.以Col野生型拟南芥的cDNA为模板,通过高保真KOD扩增酶获得2 363bp的拟南芥转录延伸因子EF1A基因片段,将其与GFP融合后共同连入p1300表达载体,利用农杆菌侵染法将p35S∶GFP和p35S∶EF1A∶∶GFP转入野生型拟南芥中,观察转基因植物细胞中GFP的表达情况.结果显示:p35S∶GFP转基因植物中,细胞核中GFP荧光强度显著高于细胞质中荧光强度,但是在p35S∶EF1A∶∶GFP转基因植物中,细胞核中荧光强度与细胞质中荧光强度无显著差异,说明在进行蛋白翻译时细胞质中的EF1A含量显著高于细胞核中,这也为翻译延伸因子EF1A的亚细胞定位提供了实验依据.     

Cloning and expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">AtPLC6</Emphasis>, a gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis>

A full-length cDNA clone corresponding to a putative phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C(PIPLC) was isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana by screening a cDNA library and using RT-PCR strategy.The cDNA,designated AtPLC6,encodes a putative polypeptide of 578 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 66251.84 D and a pI of 7.24. The sequence analysis indicates that the polypeptide contains X, Y, EF-hand and C2 domains.The overall structure of putative AtPLC6 protein, like other plant PI-PLCs,is most similar to that of mammalian PLCδ The recombinant AtPLC6 protein expressed in E. coil was able to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biophosphate (PIP2) to generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphate (IP3) and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG).The protein hydrolyzes PIP2 in a Ca^2 -dependent manner and the optimum concentration of Ca^2 is 10μmol/L.These results suggested that AtPLC6 gene encodes a genuine PIPLC.Northern blot analysis showed that the AtPLC6 gene is expressed at low level in all examined tissues, such as roots,stems,leaves,flowers,siliques and seedlings under normal growth conditions.The gene is strongly induced under low temperature and weakly induced under various stresses,such as ABA, high-salt stress and heat. These results suggested that AtPLC6 might be involved in the signal-transduction pathways of cold responses of the plants.     

豌豆cop1 cDNA的克隆、序列分析及其在大肠杆菌中的表达

以拟南芥cop1 cDNA为探针,从豌豆(Pisum sativum) cDNA文库中克隆到了豌豆cop1 cDNA。序列分析表明,它全长为2863bp,其中包括604bp 5′非编码区、243bp 3′非编码区和2016bp编码区,编码672个氨基酸。在大肠杆菌中实现了豌豆cop1基因的高效表达。对拟南芥、豌豆和番茄3种植物cop1的序列同源性比较表明,cop1可能是一种进化上很保守的蛋白质。     

棉花类耐盐锌指蛋白基因的克隆与结构分析

从棉花花瓣cDNA文库中随机挑选部分克隆，经测序发现一个与拟南芥耐盐锌指蛋白基因同源的cDNA(CSTZ),CSTZ序列全长1012bp，开放阅读框共编码272个氨基酸，含典型的植物双锌指（Cys2/His2)结构区，Northern杂交证实，CSTZ的表达随棉花幼苗钠盐处理浓度的升高而增强，在棉花花龄期，CSTZ基因在叶片，根，花瓣和花药组织中大量表达，在柱头组织中表达相对较弱。     

The foxtail millet Si69 gene is a Wali7 (wheat aluminum-induced protein 7) homologue and may function in aluminum tolerance

We isolated a clone, named Si69, from a foxtail millet immature seed cDNA library. The protein encoded by Si69 contains a conserved Wali7 (wheat aluminum induced protein 7) domain and shares high-level homology with aluminum-induced proteins from other species including rice and Arabidopsis. The Si69 gene presents as a single locus in foxtail millet genome and is globally expressed in all tissues examined. Its expression is up-regulated by aluminum. The sequence feature and expression pattern suggest that t...     

BRI1 is a critical component of a plasma-membrane receptor for plant steroids

Most multicellular organisms use steroids as signalling molecules for physiological and developmental regulation. Two different modes of steroid action have been described in animal systems: the well-studied gene regulation response mediated by nuclear receptors, and the rapid non-genomic responses mediated by proposed membrane-bound receptors. Plant genomes do not seem to encode members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. However, a transmembrane receptor kinase, brassinosteroid-insensitive1 (BRI1), has been implicated in brassinosteroid responses. Here we show that BRI1 functions as a receptor of brassinolide, the most active brassinosteroid. The number of brassinolide-binding sites and the degree of response to brassinolide depend on the level of BRI1 protein. The brassinolide-binding activity co-immunoprecipitates with BRI1, and requires a functional BRI1 extracellular domain. Moreover, treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with brassinolide induces autophosphorylation of BRI1, which, together with our binding studies, shows that BRI1 is a receptor kinase that transduces steroid signals across the plasma membrane.     

Isolation and ectopic expression of a bamboo MADS-box gene

A cDNA named DIMADS18 was isolated from the young spikelets of the sweet bamboo, Dendrocalamus latiflorus by RACE. DNA sequence analysis showed that DIMADS18 was composed of full ORF and 3UTR, but without 5UTR. The cDNA contained 1039 nucleotides and encoded a putative protein of 249 amino acid residues. The gene displayed the structure of a typical plant MADS box gene, which consisted of an MADS domain, K domain, a short I region, and the C-terminal region. Phylogenetic analysis of plant MADS box genes based on amino acid sequences revealed that DlMADS18 was grouped into the AGAMOUS-LIKE 6 (AGL6)-like subfamily. It was most likely homologous to the OsMADS6 of rice (Oryza sativa), with 88% sequence identity for the entire amino acid sequences. The DlMADS18 also showed relatively high amino acid sequence identity (59%) to AGL6 ofArabidopsis thaliana. To study the functions of DlMADS18, DlMADS18 cDNA clone driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was transformed into Arabidopsis plants. Transgenic plants of DlMADS18 exhibited the phenotypes of curled leaves, dwarfism, and early flowering with clustered terminal flowers. These results indicated that DlMADS18 may probably be involved in controlling the flowering time of D.latiflorus.     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a novel human cDNA fragment encoding a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase

A novel full-length cDNA encoding a putative serine/threonine kinase has been isolated from a human testis cDNA library. A nucleotide sequence of 1225 bp length has been determined containing an open reading frame of 1 044 nucleotides (encoding 348 amino acids). In view of its degree of homology to members of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family and the closest relationship toMus musculus STK-1, the predicted product was designated by the name of HUMSTK-1. Its mRNA is present in large amounts in thymus, and small amounts in testis, small intestine and colon.     

A CHASE domain containing protein kinase OsCRL4, represents a new AtCRE1-like gene family in rice

AtCRE1 is known to be a cytokinin receptor inArabidopsis. The AtCRE1 protein contains CHASE domain at the N-terminal part, followed by a transmitter (histidine kinase) domain and two receiver domains. The N-terminal CHASE domain of AtCRE1 contains putative recognition sites for cytokinin. Five CHASE domains containing proteins were found in rice, OsCRLla, OsCRLlb, OsCRL2, OsCRL3, and OsCRL4. OsCRL1a, OsCRL1b, OsCRL2 and OsCRL3 contain the four domains existing in CRE1, whereas OsCRL4 only contains the CHASE domain and a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase domain The authors cloned the encoding gene OsCRL4 and found that it represents a new member of the cytokinin receptor protein in rice.     

小拟南芥几丁质酶基因cDNA的克隆与序列分析

通过合成1对特异引物，应用RT-PCR技术从小拟南芥总RNA中经反转录克隆出几丁质酶基因，该cDNA基因全长985bp，含有1个963bp的开放阅读框(ORF)，编码321个氨基酸，推测分子量为35．53kD，序列同源性分析表明，该基因与拟南芥几丁质酶基因有93％的同源性。     

Cloning and enzymology analysis of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase gene from a superior strain of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia annua</Emphasis> L.

A cDNA(af1) encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase AaFPS1(FPS,EC2.5.1.1/EC2.5.1.10) from a high yield Artemisia annua strain 025 has heen cloned from its cDNA library .Sequence analysis showed that the cDNA encoded a protein of 343 amino acid (aa) residues with molecular weight of 39 kD.Deduced aa sequence of the cDNA was similar to FPS from other plants,yeast and mammals,containing 5 conserved domains found in both prenyl trans-ferase and polyprenyl synthase,The expression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli showed measurable specific activity of FPS in vitro.The enzyme was purified by ion exchange chromatography and its kinetics was measured ,These results would further promote the molecular regulation of artemisnin biosynthesis.