钠盐强化某低品位铁矿含碳球团还原机理

采用内配煤造球还原焙烧的方法对某高硅低品位铁矿进行处理,并加入钠盐强化还原,研究温度、时间和添加剂质量分数对还原的影响,并采用烟气分析仪研究含钠盐对还原过程的影响。计算CO体积分数对FeO还原和铁橄榄石(Fe_2SiO_4)生成反应的热力学影响,并采用SEM和XRD等分析还原球团的微观结构和成分。研究结果表明:还原中间产物FeO可与Si O2反应生成难以再还原的铁橄榄石(Fe_2SiO_4);提高还原反应体系中CO的体积分数可以促进FeO的还原和减少铁橄榄石(Fe_2SiO_4)的生成;钠盐能够有效地促进球团中碳的气化反应,提高球团内CO的体积分数,从而促进FeO的还原,减少Fe_2SiO_4的生成,进而改善还原效果;当内配煤质量分数(即C与Fe质量比m(C)/m(Fe))为0.4,钠盐质量分数为3%,焙烧时间为30 min以及焙烧温度为950℃时,还原效果最佳,还原球团的金属化率为56.74%,磨矿、磁选后精矿铁品位和铁回收率分别为74.16%和74.57%。     

菱铁矿在煤基直接还原条件下的转化过程

为研究菱铁矿在强还原气氛下加热过程中铁矿物的转化过程和规律,采用热重分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等手段研究了嘉峪关某菱铁矿石在煤基直接还原过程中菱铁矿的热行为和不同条件下焙烧产物中铁矿物的存在形式等.结果表明,菱铁矿在煤基直接还原条件下转化为金属铁的历程为FeCO3→Fe3O4→FeO→Fe.转化过程分为菱铁矿分解和铁氧化物还原两个阶段;热分解阶段在556.6℃时基本结束,最终产物为Fe3O4;铁氧化物的还原阶段在556.6℃以后、1200℃时完全结束,最终产物为金属铁.     

氰化渣磁化焙烧过程中铁化合物反应行为的热力学分析

通过对磁化焙烧过程中氧化铁还原的热力学平衡分析,以及Fe2O3与硅酸钙、铁橄榄石与氧化钙、Fe3O4与二氧化硅反应的热力学分析,研究氰化渣中含铁化合物在磁化焙烧过程中的热力学反应规律.对氰化渣进行焙砂-磁选实验研究,采用全谱直读等离子体(ICP)、X线衍射(XRD)、X线荧光(XRF)等方法对氰化渣和焙烧渣进行分析和表征.研究结果表明:Fe2O3在较低温度范围内易被还原为Fe3O4,且CaO与SiO2的物质的量比n(CaO)/n(SiO2)为1∶1时,Fe2O3不与硅钙化合物反应,不会造成铁的损失;产物Fe3O4在焙烧炉料中与SiO2不能发生反应,有CO存在时,加入适量的添加剂,亦能够稳定存在;在焙烧过程中加入氧化钙,铁橄榄石中的铁能被取代出来,可以提高磁化焙烧效率,且氧化钙的配入量是影响磁化焙烧效率的重要因素;当n( CaO )/n( SiO2)=1∶1,时间为90min,N2和CO的物质的量比n(N2)/n(Co)为4∶1,添加1％ Na2SO4,温度为880 K时,铁的回收率达到84％,铁精粉中铁品位达到60％,符合工业炼铁的原料要求.实验结果与热力学理论计算结果相吻合.     

Fe2O3转变为Fe3O4粉末的微波碳热还原

以活性炭为还原剂及以氩气为保护气,采用微波碳热还原的方法,将弱磁性的Fe2O3还原成强磁性的Fe3O4,并研究焙烧温度、保温时间以及SiO2粉末的加入对其还原焙烧成分及磁化效果的影响规律.结果表明:在配碳量一定的条件下,焙烧温度是微波碳热还原的关键因素,随着温度的升高,还原产物中Fe3O4的含量发生有规律的变化;650℃、保温5 min的条件下经微波还原后生成了纯Fe3O4粉末,其磁化率和还原度分别达到理论值2.33和11.11%;含SiO2的Fe2O3粉末在750℃以上进行微波还原,会生成大量的硅酸亚铁和氧化亚铁,导致Fe3O4含量降低,恶化还原焙烧指标,所以微波磁化焙烧的最佳温度应在570~650℃.     

硫酸烧渣综合利用新工艺

用黄铁矿生产硫酸 ,排放出的硫酸烧渣的主要成分为赤铁矿 (Fe2 O3) ,铁品位一般为 35 %～ 60 % .利用硫酸烧渣 ,进行了煤基直接还原生产金属化团块的研究 ,提出了润磨造球 预热焙烧 磁选 冷固结成型的新工艺流程 .所得产品金属化率约为 94% ,含铁品位 90 % ,铁回收率 90 % .直接还原铁粉冷固成型后可作电炉炼钢原料 .同时 ,针对硫酸烧渣综合利用中的脱硫问题进行了进一步探讨 .该工艺为硫酸烧渣的综合利用开辟了新的途径     

不同形态Fe对Cr2 O3还原的影响

通过1350~1550℃下Fe-Cr2 O3、Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3和FeCr2 O4的碳还原实验,结合X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜考察不同形态铁( Fe、Fe2 O3和FeO)对Cr2 O3还原的影响.同一温度下最终还原度及还原速率均呈现Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3-C>FeCr2 O4-C>Fe-Cr2 O3-C的趋势,三种样品的还原都经历了氧化物→碳化物→Fe-Cr-C合金的过程;低碳碳化物的产生以及较早形成金属液相使Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3还原更充分,合金液相中碳溶解量低导致FeCr2 O4的还原率偏低,而碳化物偏多、合金液相偏少阻滞了Fe-Cr2 O3还原率的提高.实验得到Fe-Cr2 O3-C、FeCr2 O4-C和Fe2 O3-Cr2 O3-C体系的表观活化能分别为142.90、111.84和128.9 kJ·mol-1.     

焙烧温度对高铁提钒尾渣煤基直接还原效果的影响

利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段考察了焙烧温度对提钒尾渣煤基直接还原效果的影响,并利用磨矿-磁选方法对焙烧产物进行了金属铁的分离实验.结果表明:最有利于金属铁析出、兼并、长大以及金属铁和渣相单体解离的焙烧温度是1200℃,在此温度下,提钒尾渣中的Fe2O3基本还原成了金属铁,Fe2TiO5基本转变成了金属铁和TiO2.铁质量分数36.54%、TiO2质量分数9.28%的提钒尾渣,经1200℃焙烧所得产物经过二段磨矿-二段磁选可获得铁质量分数90.90%、TiO2质量分数0.56%的金属铁粉.     

Na_2CO_3促进复杂难选铁矿石深度还原的机理分析

以羚羊铁矿石为原料,在1 200℃下深度还原40 min,通过外配Na2CO3的方法研究了Na2CO3对羚羊铁矿石深度还原的影响,并从热力学角度探讨了Na2CO3促进深度还原的机理.结果表明,铁橄榄石(2FeO.SiO2)、铁尖晶石(FeO.Al2O3)等复杂化合物的生成是影响还原物料金属化率和铁粉品位的一个重要因素.配入的Na2CO3分解产生的Na2O可以置换铁复杂化合物中的FeO;同时和矿石中的SiO2和Al2O3反应,进而有效减少了与FeO反应的SiO2和Al2O3的量,从而提高了还原物料的金属化率及铁粉品位.     

红土镍矿选择性还原-熔分制备镍铁合金

以硅镁型红土镍矿为原料,采用金属化焙烧-熔分工艺,通过正交试验制备金属化球团,将所得金属化球团在1500℃条件下熔融分离30min提取镍铁合金,考察影响因素对实验结果的影响.结果表明:在选择性还原制备金属化球团过程中,对金属化率的影响程度从大到小的因素依次是C/O摩尔比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和碱度;实验可获得镍品位19%的镍铁合金;在碱度为0.8~1.2范围内,S和P分配比随着碱度的升高而增大.利用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对金属化球团及熔融分离出的渣进行微观分析,发现加入的石灰石与复杂矿相反应可释放出简单镍氧化物和铁氧化物,促进还原反应的进行,当石灰石不足时,少量铁以Fe3+的形式存在于铁金属化率70%的金属化球团中.     

高铬型钒钛磁铁矿煤基直接还原研究

将高铬型钒钛磁铁精矿、还原剂煤粉和黏结剂按一定比例配料、混匀、模压成型后进行直接还原,研究了煤种、碳氧摩尔比(COR)、还原温度、还原时间和添加剂等因素对高铬型钒钛磁铁精矿还原产物金属化率的影响,采用X射线衍射对还原产物进行物相分析.结果表明:以无烟煤为还原剂,碳氧摩尔比1.2、还原温度1 350℃、还原时间60 min的条件下,未采用添加剂时产物金属化率最高可达89.80%;在碳氧摩尔比1.2、还原温度1 250℃、保温时间30 min、添加质量分数为3%Ca F2条件下,还原产物金属化率达85.27%,有效降低了还原过程的能耗.还原温度低于1 250℃时,产物主要物相为金属铁,同时还有少量的Fe2O3,Fe3O4,Fe3C,Fe0.5M g0.5Ti2O5和Ti O2;1 300℃时,还原产物中出现Fe2VO4;高于1 350℃时,还原产物中出现了(Fe,Cr)和Ti3O5.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.