Cloning defined regions of the human genome by microdissection of banded chromosomes and enzymatic amplification

The molecular analysis of many genetic diseases requires the isolation of probes for defined human chromosome regions. Existing techniques such as the screening of chromosome-specific libraries, subtractive DNA cloning and chromosome jumping are either tedious or not generally applicable. Microdissection and microcloning has successfully been applied to various chromosome regions in Drosophila and mouse, but conventional microtechniques are too coarse and inefficient for analysis of the human genome. Because microdissection has previously been used on unbanded chromosomes only, cell lines in which the chromosome of interest could be identified without banding had to be used. At least one hundred chromosomes were needed for dissection and lambda vectors used to achieve maximum cloning efficiency. Recombinant phage clones are, however, more difficult to characterize than plasmid clones. Here we describe the dissection of the Langer-Giedion syndrome region on chromosome 8 from GTG-banded metaphase chromosomes (G-banding with trypsin-Giemsa) and the universal enzymatic amplification of the dissected DNA. Eighty per cent of clones from this library (total yield 20,000) identify single-copy DNA sequences. Fifty per cent of clones detect deletions in two patients with Langer-Giedion syndrome. Although the other clones have not yet been mapped, this result demonstrates that thousands of region-specific probes can be isolated within ten days.     

人类显带染色体的图象分割的研究

染色体图象分割是染色体图象分析与识别的重要内容之一。文中提出了关于一场景多个人类显带染色体的自动分割算法ｍｏｓｇｔｅｔ，该算法充分考虑了每个视野中分割目标（染色体）的数量大以及人类显带染色体被明暗交迭的带纹分割为若干不连续的片段等特点，自动调整分割阈值，既保证了完整地分割单条显带染色体，又能快速分割出一幅图象中９６％～１００％的染色体。该分割算法被有效地运用在自行开发的人类显带染色体的图象分析与识别系统中。     

Effect of acicular ferrite on banded structures in low-carbon microalloyed steel

The effect of acicular ferrite (AF) on banded structures in low-carbon microalloyed steel with Mn segregation during both isothermal transformation and continuous cooling processes was studied by dilatometry and microscopic observation. With respect to the isothermal transformation process, the specimen isothermed at 550°C consisted of AF in Mn-poor bands and martensite in Mn-rich bands, whereas the specimen isothermed at 450°C exhibited two different morphologies of AF that appeared as bands. At a continuous cooling rate in the range of 4 to 50°C/s, a mixture of AF and martensite formed in both segregated bands, and the volume fraction of martensite in Mn-rich bands was always higher than that in Mn-poor bands. An increased cooling rate resulted in a decrease in the difference of martensite volume fraction between Mn-rich and Mn-poor bands and thereby leaded to less distinct microstructural banding. The results show that Mn segregation and cooling rate strongly affect the formation of AF-containing banded structures. The formation mechanism of microstructural banding was also discussed.     

无球差的光学曲面

当今光学仪器中,大都使用球面透镜,而这种透镜易形成较大像差,非球面透镜能够克服球面透镜的缺点,具有很高的实用价值.本文给出几种无球差光学曲面和无球差透镜,利用这种透镜能提高光学仪器的成像质量、简化内部结构.     

TRANSCAD在交通量分配中的应用

公路交通需求预测是公路交通规划的关键,它能否符合未来的发展,将直接影响所规划的交通系统的效益。以务川县为例,介绍了TransCAD中几种交通预测模型标定流程和操作方法。     

Multi-channel Assignment in Multi-hop Wireless Network

Multiple channels are available for use in IEEE 802.11.Multiple channels can increase the available network's capacity,and how to efficiently assign these available channels to optimize the network performance is a challenge.We survey current techniques to solve the problem,and category the techniques single-radio,multi-radio,cross-layer multi-channel assignment.This paper also discusses some interesting issues at last.     

A conserved sequence at c-myc oncogene chromosomal translocation breakpoints in plasmacytomas

Many recent studies have shown that chromosomal translocation breakpoints frequently occur near cellular proto-oncogenes (reviewed in ref. 1). In both mouse plasmacytomas and Burkitt lymphomas, the c-myc oncogene becomes joined to an immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene in a head-to-head configuration. Within c-myc, the breaks frequently occur near the first exon-intron boundary, while within the immunoglobulin gene the breaks usually involve sequences directing heavy-chain switching. It has been assumed that the translocations represent abortive immunoglobulin switching events which have activated the c-myc gene for a role in tumour formation. However, sequence analysis of the c-myc gene does not reveal any apparent similarity to the immunoglobulin switch signals. With these results in mind, we have determined the precise breakpoints within c-myc for two plasmacytoma lines in order to search for any common features that may shed some light on the mechanism of chromosomal translocation. We report here that the tetranucleotide sequence GAGG occurs close to the breakpoint in five out of six translocations, and so may be a sequence recognized by either the enzymes that catalyse immunoglobulin heavy-chain switching, or some other DNA-cleaving activity.     

区域极点配置

对区域极点配置的已有成果进行综述．区域极点配置的基本方法总结为：代数Riccati方程(ARE)方法和线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法．列出了可以结合区域极点配置方法来研究的控制问题(如最优控制、鲁棒性、H2性能、H-性能等)的主要研究成果．最后,给出了几点研究展望．     

网格计算中任务的优化分配

网格计算是一种新兴技术,有很多的优点,也有亟待解决的问题。阐述了网格计算的基本概念及其几个关键性问题,就网格计算中任务分配问题,着重考虑工作完成时间和所耗成本,提出了A*R和OASS两种算法,并对测试结果进行了分析比较。     

Construction of artificial chromosomes in yeast

Fifty-five-kilobase long artificial chromosomes containing cloned genes, replicators, centromeres and telomeres have been constructed in yeast. These molecules have many of the properties of natural yeast chromosomes. Centromere function is impaired on short (less than 20 kilobases) artificial chromosomes.     

混合信道分配参数分析及自适应混合信道分配方案

对混合信道分配（Hybrid Channel Assignment,HCA）中的动静信道比例与阻塞率之间的关系进行了分析,分析表明,不同动静信道比的HCA方案在不同的话务量情况下呈现出不同的性能,无法在各种负荷下均保持良好的性能,为此,提出了一种根据话务量变化自适应调整动静信道比例的HCA方案,该方案能够在各种话务量负荷下均保持良好的阻塞率性能,在话务量统计均匀分布的情况下,对此方案者了系统仿真,结果表明该方案比固定动静信道比例的HCA方案具有更好的话务量跟随能力和阻塞率性能。     

指派问题的新算法

给出了关于指派问题的新算法：在差额最大的行或列中优先寻找最小元素．一般地说，此算法优于匈牙利法及[2]所论及的方法．