节理岩体的无单元模型

根据岩体结构特点，建立了节理岩体的无单元模型，编制了二维节理岩体的无单元程序，并给出了算例。计算结果表明，该模型是合理可行的。     

无单元法应用于节理岩体

无单元法是一种新方法,其在岩体问题的应用中,至今报道甚少.根据岩体结构特点和无单元法的优点,建立了节理岩体的二维无单元模型,编制了相应的节理岩体无单元程序,并给出了算例,计算结果表明,该模型是合理可行的,同时给处理岩体节理问题带来了方便.     

剪切荷载下岩体结构面-浆体-锚杆相互作用机理宏细观研究

基于PFC中FISH语言,采用双线性锚杆本构模型对岩体加锚节理面在剪切荷载作用下的力学行为进行数值模拟研究,通过变化锚杆刚度和浆体强度,深入研究岩体结构面-浆体-锚杆相互作用下锚固体系宏细观力学响应。结果表明:加锚节理面的力学响应与锚固结构的力学性质密切相关。锚杆刚度越大,节理面宏观抗剪强度越高;随着锚杆刚度的增加,岩体和浆体中的裂纹也越来越多,锚杆对浆体和岩体的损伤逐渐增加。岩体结构面-浆体-锚杆相互作用,裂纹的产生首先起于节理面上和锚杆与节理面交叉处,随着剪切位移的不断增加,节理面上的裂纹在接触力集中的地方继续产生,而在锚杆周围则由锚杆与节理面交叉处向锚杆两端继续扩展,且裂纹集中在锚固体系的受压侧,主要为由"压致拉"机理导致的张拉裂纹。浆体的强度过小或过大都可能导致锚固体系中裂纹数量的增多,且裂纹以张拉裂纹为主。当浆体强度较低时,裂纹主要集中在浆体中,而当浆体强度较高时,裂纹主要集中在岩体中。因此,在对节理岩体进行加固的过程中,应综合考虑节理面宏观上的抗剪强度和细观上锚固体系的损伤,以实现锚固体系的宏细观耦合支护。分析结论对于节理岩体的锚固支护设计具有参照价值。     

加锚节理岩体的复合界面元模型

利用界面元法来研究岩体中的不连续问题是非常有效的。文章研究了节理岩体作为复合块体的等效模型,建立了包含层状节理的复合界面元分析模型,并研究了包含锚杆界面的加锚岩体复合界面元非线性分析模型;针对锚杆所穿越节理面有可能相接触和张开2种情形,分析了锚杆在节理面的抗剪作用机理,导出了相应的弹塑性矩阵。给出的算例表明该法是适用有效的。     

输电线路节理化岩体注浆锚杆基础抗拔力数值模拟研究

采用正交数值模拟方法研究了岩体及注浆体相关因素对节理化岩体注浆锚杆基础抗拔力的影响.数值模型中考虑了岩石弹性模量、浆体弹性模量、节理迹长、节理倾角、锚杆埋深5个因素的变化,选择5因素4水平的正交试验方法进行了数值模拟.结果表明,锚杆埋深对注浆锚杆基础抗拔力的影响最大,其次为浆体弹性模量、岩石弹性模量、节理迹长、节理倾角,浆体弹性模量和强度对锚杆基础抗拔力的影响虽然大于岩石弹性模量的影响,但是提高浆体强度和弹性模量对节理化岩体注浆锚杆基础抗拔力的提升效果有限.     

基于颗粒离散元法的岩体结构面锚固机理细观研究

为了研究锚杆加固节理岩体的锚固机理,借助颗粒离散元软件PFC2D软件内嵌FISH语言分析了加载过程中锚杆和结构面之间的相互作用机理以及锚杆内部轴向和剪切应力情况,探讨了锚杆对结构面锚固效应和锚杆的变形破坏规律。结果表明:锚杆在剪切荷载作用下容易在结构面和锚杆交界位置发生"S"形变形并在节理面两侧形成塑性铰,导致锚杆在塑性铰处发生拉弯屈服,揭示了锚杆在剪切作用下的拉弯屈服机制,并从细观机制上阐明了锚杆对岩体结构面的支护作用主要体现为结构面内聚力的提高。     

岩体参数确定与顶板锚固技术应用

针对波兰煤矿地下开采中的锚杆支护应用实践，提出了统一的采矿地质和技术条件的评价方法，用修RMR岩体量化指数从给定公式中确定岩体强度和应变参数。基于虎克－布朗强度准则给出了岩体及顶板锚固的数值模型。在不同的采矿地质条件下，进行了多种顶板锚固应用研究。这些支护实验表明：这种方法应用于巷道的初次支护和顶板加强支护是安全可靠的。     

节理岩体中隧洞开挖的渐进破坏模式

节理岩体中隧洞的破坏模式与节理属性密切相关．基于一个能描述多组节理的岩体模型,采用数值模拟技术研究了节理倾角和侧压力系数对节理岩体中隧洞破坏模式的影响结果表明,节理岩体中隧洞的破坏模式受节理倾角控制．在较小节理倾角下,主要表现为肩部岩体的弯曲断裂、节理之间的分离和边墙岩体的压碎;在较大的节理倾角下,主要以边墙岩体的压碎和节理之间层状岩体的滑移为主侧压力系数亦影响隧洞破坏模式,在较小的侧压力系数下,隧洞破坏主要受节理倾角影响;随着侧压力系数的增大,其破坏主要受构造应力影响．这些结论可为隧洞支护设计和施工提供参考     

个体单元法的基本原理及其在岩体工程中的应用

由康德尔提出来的个体单元法,是巷道周围不连续性岩体结构的数值解之一。本文介绍了一个尝试,即:用个体单元法摸清不连续性岩体和块体井壁结构的破坏过程,以及锚杆支架的支护效果。对个体单元法的基本原理也做了介绍。与模型实验方法相比,个体单元法具有不少优点。     

层状岩体边坡锚杆加固效应的数值分析

利用数值计算软件FLAC3D建立层状岩体边坡的稳定性分析模型,采用锚杆单元对岩体边坡进行加固模拟,得到加固后岩体的变形情况以及锚杆的受力情况.研究结果表明:边坡的破坏形式为明显的直线型滑动破坏,滑块的位移从上到下逐渐增大,水平位移最大处位于剪出口位置;层状边坡锚杆加固后,沿节理面发生一定的变形;各监测点位移沿自然坡倾向位置逐渐减小,越往岩体内部受到的开挖扰动越小;由于节理的存在,全长黏结式锚杆的轴力分布为多峰值曲线,峰值均出现在节理面位置;锚杆轴力最大位置可表征滑动面位置.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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