烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微生物浸矿技术在我国的研究现状及发展前景

As the world’s second largest economy experiencing rapid economic growth, China has a huge demand for metals and energy. In recent years, China ranks first, among all the countries in the world, in the production and consumption of several metals such as copper, gold, and rare earth elements. Bioleaching, which is an approach for mining low grade and refractory ores, has been applied in industrial production, and bioleaching has made great contributions to the development of the Chinese mining industry. The exploration and application of bioleaching in China are reviewed in this study. Production and consumption trends of several metals in China over the past decade are reviewed. Technological processes at key bioleaching operations in China, such as at the Zijinshan Copper Mine and Mianhuakeng Uranium Mine, are presented. Also, the current challenges faced by bioleaching operations in China are introduced. Moreover, prospects such as efficiency improvement and environmental protection are proposed based on the current situation in the Chinese bioleaching industry.     

不同结构和形态的天然镁硅酸盐:与K反应制备生物柴油的K2MgSiO4催化剂

In this work, different magnesium silicate mineral samples based on antigorite, lizardite, chrysotile (which have the same general formula Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄), and talc (Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂) were reacted with KOH to prepare catalysts for biodiesel production. Simple impregnation with 20wt% K and treatment at 700–900°C led to a solid-state reaction to mainly form the K₂MgSiO₄ phase in all samples. These results indicate that the K ion can diffuse into the different Mg silicate structures and textures, likely through intercalation in the interlayer space of the different mineral samples followed by dehydroxylation and K₂MgSiO₄ formation. All the materials showed catalytic activity for the transesterification of soybean oil (1:6 of oil : methanol molar ratio, 5wt% of catalyst, 60°C). However, the best results were obtained for the antigorite and chrysotile precursors, which are discussed in terms of mineral structure and the more efficient formation of the active phase K₂MgSiO₄.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

东北生态类型单雌蓖麻遗传规律研究

控制单雌蓖麻单雌性状的基因为4对,其中3对为隐性重叠基因,用符号ai表示,Ai对ai为显性;另外一对为隐性抑制基因,用符号b表示,B对b为显性．纯合隐性基因bb对隐性重叠基因a1a1a2a2a3a3起抑制作用,使得a1a1a2a2a3a3bb（保持株）表现为正常两性株,a1a1a2a2a3a3BB（纯合型）和a1a1a2a2aa3a3Bh（杂合型）表现为单雌株．还有一组控制性转换的修饰基因,当温度过低或极高时,该基因才发生作用,从而使单雌蓖麻出现一些极端分离的比例现象．纯合型单雌株与保持株杂交,可获得全雌系．全雌系与恢复系杂交,F1代全为正常两性株,这样即可用全雌系、保持系、恢复系实现蓖麻三系法制种．     

名量词判定新论

判定一个成分是名量词而非名词主要看量词所由产生的句法环境,在和数词组合的情况下作名词的谓语,并具计量单位的陈述功能,能在"名+数+X"结构中承担计量功能的,是名量词,不能,则不是.判定"数+X(+之/的)+名"中的X是不是名量词,可以运用"转换+替换"法.     

固体推进剂用液体硝酸酯增塑剂冰点的测定及其方法的研究

液体增塑剂的冰点,直接影响着推进剂的低温力学性能.通过测熔点的方法,测试了硝化甘油(NG),1,2,4-丁三醇三硝酸酯(BTTN),-缩二乙二醇二硝酸酯(DEGN)和它们不同比例混溶物的冰点.为配方设计提供了必要的理论依据。     

两类粘合图的 Wiener与 Harary指数

连通图G的Wiener指数是指图G中所有点对的距离之和,Harary指数是指图G中所有点对的距离的倒数之和。本文主要研究了单圈图与双圈图的粘合图以及双圈图与双圈图的粘合图的Wiener指数的下界和Harary指数的上界的问题,并刻画了对应的极值图。     

伪的弱效应代数的同余和理想

在伪的弱效应代数的基础上给出伪的弱差分偏序集的概念,证明了伪的弱效应代数和伪的弱差分偏序集是等价的.通过引入伪的弱效应代数中的同余等概念证明了在特殊的同余条件下的商代数仍然是伪的弱效应代数,证明了满足RDP性质的伪BL-效应代数在特殊的同余关系下的商代数也是一个伪BL-效应代数并且具有子直积表示.     

环的 WGP-内射性

给出了 WGP-内射环的等价定义,研究了 WGP-内射环的一些性质,证明了：若 R 是左非奇异的左 WGP-内射环,且对 R 中任意无限序列 a1,a2,a3…,升链 1（a1）1（a1 a2）1（a1 a2 a3）…是平稳的,则 R 是半单环。     

求真务实:先进精神文化意义上的系列新维度

胡锦涛提出的要在全党大力弘扬的求真务实精神,有着精神文化上的多重性,是一个高度综合的富有感召力的先进文化理念,有必要全方位地加以认识、理解和实践。具体应把握以下六个“度”：传统意义上的新厚度、现实意义上的新强度、内涵意义上的新深度、外延意义上的新广度、思想意义上的新高度、实践意义上的新力度,等等。     

关于拓扑空间中一些点集的注记

本文首先给出了拓扑空间中的一个集合为闭集的充要条件,从而进一步得到拓扑空间中的一个集合的闭包和边界集必为闭集并且它的闭包是包含着这个集合的最小的闭集。其次我们知道在一般的度量空间中一个集合的导集必是闭集,但是在一般拓扑空间中此结论不一定成立,所以本文主要给出了在拓扑空间中一个集合的导集为闭集的的充分条件和充分必要条件。     

方程与粒子穿透几率

在一般情况下,导出了抛物线位垒的穿透几率,并在特殊情况下再现了半经典结果。引入镜像算符讨论了势垒和势阱的互补性,以及Weher方程与Schordinger方程、Hermite方程之问的关系。     

关于多边形的顶点重心与圆内接多边形的垂心的若干结论

利用递归方法给出任意多边形的中线与顶点重心的定义,再给出圆内接多边形高线的定义,然后证明圆内接多边形的高线(或所在直线)共点,由此得到圆内接多边形垂心的定义,最后给出多边形的顶点重心与圆内接多边形的垂心的若干性质。