燕雀Fringilla montifringilla发声控制核团体积的性双态性研究

对鸣禽燕雀前脑、中脑和延髓的四个发声控制核团进行了测量。结果发现：前脑ＨＶ＿ｃ，ＲＡ核团的体积存在着明显的性别差异，雄鸟核团均大于雌鸟。中脑ＩＣ＿ｏ核与延髓的ＩＭ核无明显性双态性。这表明，造成燕雀鸣啭能力的性别差异主要是由前脑高位中枢的性双态所决定的。     

虎皮鹦鹉发声控制神经核团与鸣叫行为的性双态性研究

本文应用石蜡切片的方法，对成年虎皮鹦鹉的前脑发声控制神经核团：上纹状体腹侧尾核（Hyperstriatum ventrale pars Canssle,HVC)。古纹状体粗核（Nucleus robustus archistriaylis,RA)和嗅叶X区（Area X)进行了观察和比较；并采用计算机鸣声分析技术对虎皮鹦鹉的鸣声进行了分析。结果发现：雄鸟的三个发声控制神经核团体积明显大于雌鸟的三个发声控制神经核团体积。雄鸟的叫声明显比雌鸟的叫声复杂多变。这些结果提示虎皮鹦鹉的发声控制神经核团与鸣叫行为都存在着性双态性。     

栗鹀前脑发声控制核团体积的性别差异

栗鹀属于鸣禽类的一种,是东北常见的鸟类之一。本文对鸣禽栗鹀前脑发声核制核团HVc与RA进行了测量,并加以比较。结果表明,前脑HVc与RA核团体积存在着明显的性别差异。雄鸟的核团体积均大于雌鸟(P<0.05)。这表明造成栗鹀鸣啭能力的性别差异是由其神经结构的形态不同造成的。     

断鸣管神经支对白腰文鸟鸣声的影响

为探究鸣管神经支（NXⅡts）对发声控制的作用以及验证鸣禽发声的侧别优势和性别差异,以成年白腰文鸟为实验材料,记录其正常鸣声及切断鸣管神经支后的鸣声.用Cool Edit Pro和Wavesurfer 等声音处理和分析软件,比较和分析雄鸟和雌鸟、断单侧和双侧鸣管神经前后声学特征的差异.结果表明,成年白腰文鸟的NXⅡts可单侧支配鸣肌,切断左侧NXⅡts将导致声音严重受损,而断右侧则影响不大,表明具有左侧优势.两侧NXⅡts既相互协调又各有侧重,左侧产生较高频率的声音,而右侧则有较高的熵值,使得音节稳定性和调频一致性增强.雄鸟左侧NXⅡts控制较高的音量和较长的音节,而雌鸟的音量和音节时长两侧均可以独立调节.断双侧神经对音量、音调和音色都产生明显影响.     

雄激素对成年雌性斑胸草雀鸣唱核团体积的影响

斑胸草雀是一种研究鸣禽发声学习的模式动物,其鸣唱核团体积具有明显的性别差异,主要与体内雄激素水平的差异有关.以成年雌性斑胸草雀为研究对象,通过埋植睾酮,人为提高雌鸟体内雄激素水平,利用冰冻切片技术,结合尼氏染色法观察埋植前后HVC(high vocal center)、RA(robust nucleus of the arcopallium)核团体积的变化.实验分为雌鸟埋植组、正常雌鸟组与正常雄鸟组.实验结果表明:正常雄鸟的RA、HVC核团体积均显著大于正常雌鸟;雌鸟埋植睾酮后,RA核团体积显著增加,神经元数目未发生明显改变,HVC核团体积显著增加,神经元数目显著增加.综上,埋植睾酮后能使HVC、RA核团体积趋于雄性化.     

鸣禽前脑鸣啭控制核团内胆碱能神经元的分布

高级发声中枢（HVC）和古纹状体粗核（RA）是位于鸣禽前脑的两个主要鸣啭控制核团，以中国北方地区常见的两种鸣禽栗鹂（Emberiza rutila)和燕雀（Fingilla montifringilla）为材料，应用免疫组化方法，对两种鸣禽HVC和RA内胆碱能神经元的胞体大小和密度进行了观察、发现ChAT样免疫反应具有性别差异。这一结果提示胆碱能神经元可能在鸣啭的产生和学习过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

鸣禽鸣啭控制核团内GABA能神经元的分布研究

应用免疫组化方法对鸣禽粟鹀(Emberiza rutila)鸣啭控制核团内GABA能神经元的分布进行了研究，在高级发声中枢(HVC，high vocal center)，古纹状体粗核(RA，the robust nucleus of the archistrialum)，X区(Arca X)3个前脑核团内有GABA样免疫反应出现．HVC和RA中GABA能神经元胞体大小存在性别和季节间的差异．结果提示GABA能神经元可能参与了鸣禽鸣啭的产生和鸣啭学习。     

成年斑胸草雀HVCX神经元电生理特性的侧别和性别差异

以成年斑胸草雀为实验对象,利用膜片钳电生理技术观察高级发声中枢HVC(higher vocal center)中HVC_X神经元的电生理活动特性,以期探究成年雌雄斑胸草雀HVC_X神经元是否存在侧别差异和性别差异.对成年雌雄斑胸草雀左右脑HVC_X神经元给予5ms、300pA和500ms、100pA的刺激以诱发动作电位,并对其电生理特性指标进行统计分析.结果显示:雌鸟左右脑HVC_X神经元电生理特性无侧别差异,而雄鸟右脑的动作电位潜伏期和后超极化达峰值时间显著低于左脑,且发放频率高于左脑;雌雄鸟左脑HVC_X神经元电生理特性并无显著性差异;雄鸟右脑的动作电位潜伏期和后超极化达峰值时间均显著低于雌鸟右脑,其中,后超极化达峰值时间达到极显著差异,且雄鸟右脑的发放频率显著高于雌鸟右脑.结论为雄鸟右侧HVC_X神经元的兴奋性强于左脑,具有右侧优势.雌雄右侧HVC_X神经元电生理特性存在性别差异.     

秋季黄胸巫鸟发声相关核团体积的雌雄差异

利用组织方法及微机处理技术测量了秋季成年雌、雄鸣禽黄胸巫鸟（ Ｅｍ ｂｅｒｉｚａ ａｕｒｅｏｌａ）发声相关核团 Ｈ Ｖｃ、 Ｒ Ａ、 Ｘ 区、ｎⅩⅡｔｓ 以及与发声无关的核团（ Ｓｐ Ｍ）的体积．结果表明：前脑的发声相关核团 Ｈ Ｖｃ、 Ｒ Ａ 及 Ｘ区具有明显的雌雄差异,而延髓的ｎⅩⅡｔｓ 以及与发声无关的核团 Ｓｐ Ｍ 则差异不明显     

白腰文鸟古纹状体粗核神经纤维联系的研究

本实验采用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)顺逆行追踪法,对白腰文鸟的古纹状体粗核(RA)的纤维联系进行了研究,实验表明:端脑内发声控制的主要运动神经核团——古纹状体粗核(RA)除了与发声控制神经核团有纤维联系之外,还与其他神经核团有纤维联系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has