不同氧气浓度煤样耗氧特性实验研究

在不同氧气浓度下煤的耗氧速度不同,从而使煤的自燃性产生差异.通过在不同氧气浓度条件下对煤样进行程序升温氧化实验,测定分析煤样在不同温度时的耗氧速度,研究氧气浓度对煤氧化自燃性的影响关系,提出了低氧气浓度条件下,煤样在不同温度时的耗氧可分为扩散耗氧和化学动力耗氧两个阶段.并根据实验数据分析,得出煤的耗氧速度与氧气浓度的1.149次方成正比.图4,表2,参7.     

变压吸附制氧过程中不连续反吹对回收率的影响

为了提高变压吸附制氧过程中氧气的回收率和体积分数,提出了一种在反吹步骤中采取适当中断次数和时间的不连续反吹方法,并实验研究了该方法对氧气的回收率和体积分数的影响.结果表明:不连续反吹步骤可以显著提高变压吸附制氧系统的回收率和产品气纯度;在本实验条件下,优化后反吹中断次数为2、反吹中断时间为0.3s时,与连续反吹相比,氧气回收率最大提高了9.2%,产品气中氧气的体积分数最大提高了4.0%.     

高炉休风时供氧管网压力对氧气调度的影响

以国内某大型钢铁企业空分厂为研究对象,基于混合整数线性规划方法建立以氧气放散量最小为目标的生产调度模型,并在此基础上以高炉休风期间的氧气生产调度为案例,分析了高炉开始休风期间管网初始压力对氧气放散率的影响.高压管网初始压力大于临界值时,系统出现氧气放散,放散率随初始压力上升呈近线性增大关系,高压管网缓冲容量越大,该线性关系斜率越大.有氧气放散的情况下,对于同一高压管网初始压力,高压管网缓冲容量越大,系统放散率越小.该趋势随着高压管网初始压力增大变得越来越不明显,当初始压力等于最高压力时,高压管网缓冲容量的大小对放散率没有影响.     

Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen

Several lines of geological and geochemical evidence indicate that the level of atmospheric oxygen was extremely low before 2.45 billion years (Gyr) ago, and that it had reached considerable levels by 2.22 Gyr ago. Here we present evidence that the rise of atmospheric oxygen had occurred by 2.32 Gyr ago. We found that syngenetic pyrite is present in organic-rich shales of the 2.32-Gyr-old Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations, South Africa. The range of the isotopic composition of sulphur in this pyrite is large and shows no evidence of mass-independent fractionation, indicating that atmospheric oxygen was present at significant levels (that is, greater than 10(-5) times that of the present atmospheric level) during the deposition of these units. The presence of rounded pebbles of sideritic iron formation at the base of the Rooihoogte Formation and an extensive and thick ironstone layer consisting of haematitic pisolites and o?lites in the upper Timeball Hill Formation indicate that atmospheric oxygen rose significantly, perhaps for the first time, during the deposition of the Rooihoogte and Timeball Hill formations. These units were deposited between what are probably the second and third of the three Palaeoproterozoic glacial events.     

基于分子筛制氧机富氧气体组分的检验研究

目的:通过对分子筛制氧机生产的富氧气体组分分析,为分子筛制氧机的注册与监督检验工作做出针对性建议。方法:采集不同工作时长的分子筛制氧机生产的富氧气体,通过气相色谱分析仪测试富氧气体中甲烷、二氧化碳和一氧化碳的含量,利用氧气分析仪测得氧气含量。结果:甲烷、二氧化碳、一氧化碳的含量很小,随分子筛制氧机工作时间变化,波动较小。氧气含量由工作1小时的93.3%变化为工作8小时的93.0%。结论:注册检验过程中,建议在不同时间点多次采集气体样本测试富氧气体的组分,确保分子筛长时间工作生产的富氧气体仍能够满足标准要求;充分考虑一氧化碳的有毒性、危害性,应将"一氧化碳浓度"列入监督检验项目中。     

Bistability of atmospheric oxygen and the Great Oxidation

The history of the Earth has been characterized by a series of major transitions separated by long periods of relative stability. The largest chemical transition was the 'Great Oxidation', approximately 2.4 billion years ago, when atmospheric oxygen concentrations rose from less than 10(-5) of the present atmospheric level (PAL) to more than 0.01 PAL, and possibly to more than 0.1 PAL. This transition took place long after oxygenic photosynthesis is thought to have evolved, but the causes of this delay and of the Great Oxidation itself remain uncertain. Here we show that the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis gave rise to two simultaneously stable steady states for atmospheric oxygen. The existence of a low-oxygen (less than 10(-5) PAL) steady state explains how a reducing atmosphere persisted for at least 300 million years after the onset of oxygenic photosynthesis. The Great Oxidation can be understood as a switch to the high-oxygen (more than 5 x 10(-3) PAL) steady state. The bistability arises because ultraviolet shielding of the troposphere by ozone becomes effective once oxygen levels exceed 10(-5) PAL, causing a nonlinear increase in the lifetime of atmospheric oxygen. Our results indicate that the existence of oxygenic photosynthesis is not a sufficient condition for either an oxygen-rich atmosphere or the presence of an ozone layer, which has implications for detecting life on other planets using atmospheric analysis and for the evolution of multicellular life.     

Net production of oxygen in the subtropical ocean

The question of whether the plankton communities in low-nutrient regions of the ocean, comprising 80% of the global ocean surface area, are net producers or consumers of oxygen and fixed carbon is a key uncertainty in the global carbon cycle. Direct measurements in bottle experiments indicate net oxygen consumption in the sunlit zone, whereas geochemical evidence suggests that the upper ocean is a net source of oxygen. One possible resolution to this conflict is that primary production in the gyres is episodic and thus difficult to observe: in this model, oligotrophic regions would be net consumers of oxygen during most of the year, but strong, brief events with high primary production rates might produce enough fixed carbon and dissolved oxygen to yield net production as an average over the annual cycle. Here we examine the balance of oxygen production over three years at sites in the North and South Pacific subtropical gyres using the new technique of oxygen sensors deployed on profiling floats. We find that mixing events during early winter homogenize the upper water column and cause low oxygen concentrations. Oxygen then increases below the mixed layer at a nearly constant rate that is similar to independent measures of net community production. This continuous oxygen increase is consistent with an ecosystem that is a net producer of fixed carbon (net autotrophic) throughout the year, with episodic events not required to sustain positive oxygen production.     

氧的成键特征

研究了氧原子、氧分子和臭氧分子形成化合物时的成键特征。     

光纤氧传感器技术进展

综述了近年来国内外光纤氧传感器技术的研究及应用情况 ,探索了荧光指示剂的进展 ,阐述了氧传感技术和制作氧传感膜的机理及光纤氧传感器的应用情况 ,并展望了光纤氧传感器的发展趋势     

氧脱木素过程中羟基自由基的控制

氧脱木素的主要问题是提高其脱木素选择性,而氧脱木素过程中产生的含氧自由基是影响其脱木素选择性的主要因素.而本文用改进的Fenton反应Co2 -H2O2体系产生羟基自由基(HO.),用茜素紫3B的氧化来显色测定HO..将Co2 -H2O2体系与深度脱木素竹浆进行反应,并通过添加HO.捕获剂来控制HO.的数量,研究HO.与竹浆中木素和碳水化合物的反应情况.把HO.捕获剂作为助剂用于深度脱木素竹浆氧脱木素过程,研究HO.的量对氧脱木素过程的影响.研究结果表明,HO.能与木素和碳水化合物发生反应,具有脱木素作用,但对碳水化合物的降解也较严重.HO.捕获剂具有清除HO.的作用,在氧脱木素过程中加入HO.捕获剂能减少碳水化合物的降解,提高氧脱木素选择性.