基于神经网络的PM2.5预测模型

目前PM2.5的计算主要采用物理方法,其成本较高.为此,通过采集空气中O3,CO,PM10,SO2,NO2的浓度数据,选择神经网络方法建立PM2.5预测模型.实验结果表明,该模型对PM2.5的预测准确率较高.     

昆明市MODIS AOD与大气污染物浓度在气象因子影响下的相关性分析

利用昆明市2018年MODIS L1 B数据通过暗像元法反演大气气溶胶光学厚度,分别与空气污染指数AQI、PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3进行相关性分析.分析发现,AOD与AQI、PM2.5、PM10、CO、O3的质量浓度有显著相关性,相关系数分别为0.502、0.411、0.512、-0.401、0....     

2016-2020年春节烟花爆竹燃放对绵阳市环境空气质量的影响

利用2016-2020年绵阳市环境空气(SO2,NO2,CO,O3,PM2.5和PM10)监测数据,分析了春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对绵阳市城区环境空气质量的影响.结果表明:烟花爆竹燃放对环境空气质量产生严重影响,除夕烟花爆竹燃放后,SO2和颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)均会升高,PM2.5增长尤为明显,正月初一达到峰值浓度...     

北京市2014年大气污染物空间分布特征分析

基于地理信息系统ArcGIS 10.2平台,采用反距离权重空间插值模型对2014年北京市35个环境质量监测点监测到的主要大气污染物:一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化氮(NO2)、臭氧(O3)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)和二氧化硫(SO2)质量浓度年均值的变化规律及空间分布特性进行了分析.结果表明,在质量浓度分布上,2014年北京市CO、NO2、SO2、O3、PM10、PM2.5这6类大气污染物的质量浓度分别位于1～3 mg/m3、17.22 ～ 105.4 μg/m3、14.27～25.75 μg/m3、27～ 81μg/m3、76 ～ 179 μg/m3、67 ～ 123 μg/m3范围内.由此可知,北京市2014年大气污染物年均质量浓度除PM10和PM2.5外的其余污染物质量浓度并不高,都在轻度污染范围之内;在空间分布上,除O3质量浓度空间分布上呈现出北高南低的特征外,其余污染物均呈现南部、中部质量浓度较高,北部地区质量浓度较低的特征.     

武汉市空气污染物长期变化规律研究

搜集了武汉市2006年~2013年8a间的PM10和气态污染物(包括SO2、NO2、NO、CO和O3)质量浓度监测数据.利用基于Loess的季节趋势分解和窗口滑动平均等时间序列分析方法提取了各种监测指标的长期趋势、季节变化和周变化规律.结果表明,武汉市PM10历经了6a的缓慢下降后于2012年后开始急剧上升,SO2出现明显的下降趋势,其他污染物在2013年之前呈现出小幅上升或基本稳定的趋势,2013年有明显上升;季节规律方面,PM10、SO2、NOX和CO都表现出冬季高夏季低的变化特征,O3则呈现相反的变化特征,另外每年4月PM10会出现一个小高峰现象;PM10表现出明显的周变化规律,呈现出以周三为谷值周六为峰值的周期性变化,而其他气态污染物基本没有明显的周变化规律.     

基于 VAR 模型的重庆市大气污染物分析及研究

目的 研究重庆市首要空气污染物 PM2. 5 与 PM10 、SO2 、NO2 、CO、O3 的动态影响关系,为政府制定防治大气 污染措施及相关政策提供有价值的建议。 方法 收集重庆市 2021-05-01—2021-10-31 日的 PM2. 5 、PM10 、SO2 、 NO2 、CO、O3 这 6 项大气污染物的日浓度数据,利用 Eviews8. 0 软件,对原始数据进行序列平稳性检验;根据 Granger 因果检验结果选择变量,建立时间序列 VAR 模型,并检验模型的稳定性;利用广义脉冲响应分析和方差分 解分析,研究各污染物浓度对 PM2. 5 的动态影响及相对重要性。 结果 Granger 因果检验表明:PM10 、SO2 、NO2 、O3 是 PM2. 5 的 Granger 原因, CO 不是 PM2. 5 的 Granger 原因;广义脉冲响应分析表明:NO2 对 PM2. 5 的影响最大;方差 分解分析表明:NO2 的浓度对 PM2. 5 的影响最大;O3 对 PM2. 5 的影响次之,对 SO2 的影响作用最小。 所以,从长期 影响效应看,NO2 对 PM2. 5 具有长期较大的影响,SO2 对 PM2. 5 的影响最弱。 结论 防治 PM2. 5 对重庆市空气的污染 应着重控制 NO2 的污染,因此,政府应大力发展绿色交通,控制交通污染;大力监管高污染行业,将烟雾、粉尘、颗粒 物等排放量较大的行业作为工业污染源治理的重点;大力发展清洁能源,加快化石燃料替代资源的开发利用。     

南通市大气污染物浓度变化特征及其与气象因素的关系

为了厘清南通市大气污染浓度的变化情况以及与气象因素之间存在的关系,分析南通市大气污染物潜在的输送来源。文章利用南通市2018年全年大气污染物资料和同期气象观测要素资料,对SO2、NO2、CO、O3、PM10、PM2.5污染物的时、日、月、季浓度变化规律及其与气象因素之间的关系进行分析,并结合南通市2次重污染天气过程,使用后向轨迹模式HYSPLIT4分析南通市大气污染物的主要来源。结果表明：SO2、NO2、CO、PM10和PM2.5浓度均呈现夏季最低,其次是秋季,冬、春季浓度最高,O3浓度呈现明显春、夏季高于秋、冬季。SO2、NO2、CO、O3年平均排放量均较低。一天当中不同时间段,气象因素影响情况不同导致污染物的浓度不同。O3浓度变化跟NO2浓度变化呈明显负相关性。O3污染最高的天气,一般是气压较低,能见度较好的晴朗天气。而研究发现,PM2.5在气温较低、湿度高、气压高、日降水量较小、能见度低且风速较小的气象条件下,污染浓度更容易升高。NO2在低温高湿,气压高且风速较小的气象条件下时跟容易堆积。NO2、CO、O3与6种常规气象要素均存在显著相关性。O3跟气象要素之间相关性关系正好与其他5种污染物相反(湿度除外)。通过两次重污染天气过程的后向轨迹分析,南通市大气污染物来源既有西北和偏北气流的长距离输送,也有偏西和偏南气流的区域性源。     

南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物关系分析

根据2010年6月1日至2011年5月31日南宁市的环境监测数据和气象数据,分析南宁市灰霾天气特征,然后通过SPSS软件分析灰霾天气与能见度、颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)浓度、气态污染物浓度和空气污染指数的关系,探讨南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物的关系。结果发现,南宁市灰霾天气主要分布在秋、冬两季,PM2.5是直接造成南宁市灰霾天气的主要因子,PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3对灰霾天气的发生也有一定影响。PM2.5与PM10相关性最显著,与SO2、NO2相关性较显著,与CO相关性显著,与O3相关性不显著。     

哈尔滨市大气中PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)质量浓度及金属离子分析

对哈尔滨市大气环境中的PM10、PM2.5进行了采集,并对质量浓度及离子成分进行了分析.实验结果表明,两种颗粒物均呈现了先减小后增大的特征,最高值出现在1月,质量浓度分别是178.85、130.10μg/m3,PM10在1、2、3、4、11、12月均超标,而PM2.5质量浓度则高出欧盟标准(15μg/m3)的2~8倍,另外,离子总质量浓度在8月达到了最低值,分别是42.73μg/m3和25.3μg/m3.PM10和PM2.5中离子成分占颗粒物总质量的比例均表现为中间高两边低的特点,最高含量出现在7月份,分别为67.7%和68.4%.根据相关系数的判别原则,PM10中表现为高度负相关的离子是Ca2+和F-、Ca2+和SO42+、Ca2+和NO3-;表现为高度正相关的离子是K+和Mg2+、K+和Cl-、M2+和Cl-、F-和SO42+、F-和NO3-、SO42+和NO3-,说明上述离子间有相似的污染来源.PM2.5中表现为高度正相关的离子是K+和Cl-、K+和SO42+、K+和NO3-、Mg2+和SO42+、F-和NO3-、SO42+和NO3-,与PM10中离子相关性规律不同.     

河北省主要城市空气污染时空分布特征分析

文章以河北省邢台、保定、石家庄、邯郸、衡水、唐山、廊坊和沧州8个城市的空气质量为研究对象,以PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3作为空气污染因子,分析河北省2014-2016年的空气污染时空分布特征。分析结果表明,8个城市2014-2016年AQI、PM10、PM2.5、SO2浓度呈下降趋势,整体空气质量好转,而沧州和衡水NO2年均浓度以及衡水和唐山O3年均值变化呈逐年上升趋势。8个城市颗粒物年均浓度均超标,超标倍数最高达2.3,除2014年沧州外,其余城市各年NO2年均值均超标。季节变化分析结果表明,除O3外,8个城市的其余空气污染因子和AQI季节变化趋势基本一致,夏、秋季的空气质量优于春、冬季,冬季最差,O3恰好相反。PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO浓度高值主要分布在1月和12月,低值分布在6-9月。8个城市之间的空气污染比较显示,廊坊和沧州空气质量优良天数占比超过50%,空气质量较好,邢台、保定、唐山、石家庄空气质量较差,这与地理位置和产业布局有一定的关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the