我国高水平竞技健美操运动员运动损伤特征研究

通过文献资料、问卷调查、专家访谈、现场观察、数理统计等方法,以及理疗跟踪的手段,对我国高水平竞技健美操运动员的运动损伤特征进行了研究。结果表明:我国高水平竞技健美操运动员的伤病率为100%,常见损伤部位的分布特征表现为关节损伤居多,肌肉损伤居次;损伤部位中居前4位的依次是腕、踝、腰、膝,并表现出:肩、腰、髋、踝部损伤与运动等级呈明显的正相关,颈、肘、腕、膝部损伤与运动等级呈正相关,足趾损伤与运动等级呈负相关的特征。高水平运动员运动损伤的主要类型为急性损伤,但是慢性损伤(48.18%)也不容忽视;90%的现役高水平竞技健美操运动员都是带伤训练,因伤完全停训者占到10%;在运动损伤发生的时间特征上,主要表现为运动损伤多发于赛前训练周、技术训练课、及做C组难度动作时。建议我国高水平竞技健美操运动队教练员和运动员定期参加损伤知识与预防技能的培训,以增强训练中防伤控伤的自觉自主性。运动队管理中积极建立运动损伤报告制,加强对伤病的长期监控及干预。     

投掷项目常见运动损伤分析

本文结合人体解剖学、运动生物力学及运动训练学中的技术训练、训练方法、负荷安排和场地等,从多角度对投掷运动员的运动损伤产生的原因进行分析,为减少运动损伤的发生,保证运动员的训练与发展,提出一些预防损伤的建议,以供参考。     

运动员自我运动损伤防范及教育

体育运动中运动员的自我损伤防范能力与损伤发生密切相关.对运动员开展自我损伤防范意识的教育与培养,可以有效降低运动损伤的发生风险,为损伤愈合创造了良好的条件.运动损伤防范能力的教育和培养内容包括运动人体科学基本知识、体育道德与行为、竞赛规则、训练原则、科学的训练方法与专项技术、运动损伤发生规律和营养对机体损伤与康复的影响.     

我国冰雪项目运动损伤流行病学调查与致因研究

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和统计分析法对我国冰雪项目运动员的运动损伤流行病学及致因进行调查与研究,对推动我国冬季冰雪运动项目的可持续发展具有重要意义.优秀的冰雪项目运动员是推动我国冬季冰雪项目的主力军,但运动损伤会使运动员的运动成绩受到影响,严重会影响运动员的运动寿命.研究发现,在冰雪项目中,冰球、自由式滑雪、速度滑冰、花样滑冰运动员在运动训练和比赛中发生运动损伤比率相对较高;冰雪项目运动员身体各部位受运动损伤的比率以腰背部、膝关节、踝关节和大、小腿较高;运动损伤的类型呈现多样化,扭伤、擦伤、挫伤、摔伤及撞伤较为常见;运动损伤的致因主要表现为激烈对抗及不合理冲撞、疲劳、自我保护意识缺乏及动作技术失误等.我们必须清醒地认识到运动损伤对冰雪项目运动员以及冰雪项目的危害性、积极采取应对措施,以预防、避免或减少冰雪项目运动员运动损伤的发生.     

中国优秀速滑男运动员运动损伤流行病与治疗的研究

对我国速滑运动员运动损伤流行病特点及治疗措施进行研究,为预防、避免或减少运动员运动损伤的发生提供参考.研究结果表明,中国运动员运动损伤呈现重复性和多发性的特点,腰背部、腿部和关节是运动损伤的高发部位,主要损伤类型为肌肉、关节和韧带的扭曲伤和挫伤,目前主要的治疗手段是静养、理疗和降低运动量,并采用多种方法综合治疗.     

跳高运动员膝踝关节损伤状况的调查及预防对策分析

为探讨跳高运动员运动损伤的发生状况,降低运动损伤的发生,有效提高跳高运动员的运动成绩,本文通过对全国田径大奖赛第2站暨世锦赛选拔赛的38名跳高运动员的损伤部位及损伤次数调查分析,发现在跳高运动中易于发生损伤的部位是膝关节和踝关节,损伤的主要原因是运动员体能不足、局部负荷过大和训练方案制定不合理。分析认为,在运动训练中,运动员需通过充分做好准备活动,加强相应关节力量和柔韧素质的训练等手段为降低跳高运动员膝、踝关节损伤的发生率。     

体育专业学生运动损伤的分析与研究

为了避免或减少运动损伤的发生,减轻损伤对机体的影响,采用问卷调查法对体育专业学生运动损伤的情况进行调查研究.结果表明:学生在运动训练中最常见的损伤主要发生在踝、腰、手、腕、膝、大腿和足等部位;最容易造成损伤的项目是篮球、足球、田径、体操等体育项目.提出相应的预防措施和建议,从而减少或避免运动损伤的发生.     

对于足球比赛中运动损伤的分析及预防

本文通过对足球运动员运动损伤的部位、场所、类型等分析,探索足球运动员损伤的原因,寻找预防的措施,从而减少运动损伤的发生,为教练员、队医和运动员对运动损伤的预防提供了参考依据。     

有效降低健美操运动的损伤率

随着我国健美操运动的飞速发展,在健美操运动中发生损伤不可避免。其中运动损伤多以肌肉扭伤、韧带拉伤、关节损伤和皮肤损伤等情况为主,并且运动者对运动损伤的应急处理常识缺乏。本文通过对运动员运动损伤的影响因素进行分析,并提出建设性意见,使运动者提高对运动损伤的预防。     

对乒乓球运动员运动损伤的研究

如何有效预防运动损伤已成为人们从事体育运动时不容忽视的问题。运动损伤的发生多与体育运动项目的技、战术动作、训练水平、运动环境与条件等因素有关。本文主要采用文献资料法、访谈法等科研方法,对不同层次和不同打法类型乒乓球运动员的运动损伤规律,从解剖学、生理学等方面对乒乓球运动损伤进行了系统性的阐述,并根据损伤制定了相应的预防措施,从而为练习者进行运动损伤的预防提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.