钒渣无焙烧浸出液中钒铁萃取分离

利用本课题组提出的钛白废酸无焙烧加压浸出钒渣提钒的新技术,以P204为萃取剂从废酸浸出钒渣的浸出液中进行了提钒研究.实验结果表明:采用亚硫酸钠为浸出液预处理还原剂,将浸出液中三价铁还原成二价铁,从而防止三价铁的共萃;常温条件下,当浸出液初始p H=2.5、水相与有机相体积比为1∶3,震荡时间为4 min时,采用有机相组成为20%P204及10%TBP协同萃取体系,钒的萃取率可达98.61%以上,钒铁的分离系数可达135.3.     

高钙含钒煤灰渣提钒的工艺研究

本文阐述了高钙含钒煤灰渣提钒中,影响稀盐酸脱钙、焙烧、浸取、萃取,反萃取、沉钒的有关因素,并确定了最佳工艺条件。     

酸浸法提钒新工艺的研究

研究了用稀硫酸直接浸出—萃取—反萃—氨水沉钒—煅烧的提钒工艺。结果表明,采用稀硫酸直接浸出,原矿渣中总钒的一次浸取率可达95%以上;用萃取-反萃方式净化和浓缩浸出液,同时使用萃取促进剂处理酸浸液,使萃取效率比传统方法有明显提高,萃取级数大大减少;沉钒步骤摒弃了传统的铵盐沉钒工艺,使用氨水直接沉钒,提高了产品的纯度。钒的总回收率达86%以上,比传统提钒工艺效率提高了20%以上,同时由于避免了焙烧从而解决了传统提钒过程中因焙烧等产生的HCl、Cl₂等污染问题。     

从石煤酸浸液中萃取钒的工艺研究

研究了三正辛胺从石煤酸浸液中萃取钒的工艺过程 ,从萃取和反萃的 p H值、相比、有机相组成、澄清时间等方面进行了详细试验。研究表明 :用三正辛胺萃取钒时 ,其萃取率可达98%以上 ;而且易反萃 ,用 0 .5 M Na2 CO3反萃时 ,反萃率为 99.9%。经萃取后 ,浸出液中的钒可由每升几克富集到每升数十克以上 ,有利于后续的提钒工艺。     

直接酸浸含钒灰渣提钒的工艺研究

本文阐述了硫酸直接浸取含钒灰渣提钒工艺中,硫酸浸取,浸出液中提取铵明矾、再提取中间盐并溶解之,溶剂萃取、反萃及沉钒的有关因素。并确定了最佳工艺条件。     

石煤矿渣中钒浸取工艺条件研究

用阳离子表面活性剂作为浸取助剂，考察了浸取pH值、浸取温度、浸取时间和液固比等因素对钒浸出率的影响，与不加浸取助剂比较，相同温度和液固比的钒浸出率可分别提高20％和15．6％，pH值和反应时间对钒浸出率的影响不大．研究结果表明：用阳离子表面活性剂（CTAB）作浸出助剂，用pH值为2的磷酸水溶液浸取，在温度为80℃，液固比为2：1（mL/g）的条件下浸取60min，钒的浸出率可达45．63％．废渣浸出液经铁屑微电解共沉淀法处理，钒去除率可达97．6％.     

酸浸对钙化焙烧提钒工艺钒浸出率的影响

采用稀硫酸浸出法提取钙化焙烧后钒渣中的钒,考察了浸出参数:物料粒度、体系pH值、浸出温度和时间、液固比(L/S)、搅拌速度对钒及杂质元素浸出率的影响.结果表明:物料粒度小于75μm时对提高钒浸出率影响较小;液固比从2∶1增加到7∶1,搅拌速度由100增加到500r/min时,钒浸出率增长幅度均低于3%;钒浸出率在浸出前15min内迅速升高,之后增长变缓;浸出体系pH值对钒及杂质浸出率影响显著,pH值为2~3时钒浸出率达90%,杂质元素Ca,Mn,Mg,Al,Si,P浸出率为10%~30%;在较佳浸出条件下:粒度96～75μm,pH值为25,温度55℃,时间30min,L/S为3,搅拌速度500r/min,钒浸出率超过91%.     

湖北崇阳石煤中钒的价态分配

含钒石煤是我国一种新型钒矿资源,从石煤中提取精钒(V_2O_5>98％)的生产关键是钠盐氧化焙烧,本文着重于石煤中钒的价态研究,探讨钒的氧化和转化规律。崇阳石煤中钒分配率:V(Ⅲ)占98.77％V(Ⅳ)占1.23％。阐述了焙烧过程中钒的氧化状态,经历了还原区、氧化还原区,氧化区和平衡区等不同分布状况。在提钒过程中氯化钠起加速钒的氧化和生成可溶钒的双重作用。在此基础上结合矿物晶体结构的分析,确定了钠化焙烧的转化条件:775℃,焙烧15min,矿:盐=100∶10;η焙达81.2％。     

采用P507(HEH/EHP)从废FCC催化剂中回收稀土

废FCC催化剂(废石油催化炼化催化剂)中含有2%以上的富La或富Ce稀土,用盐酸浸取后可得到含有稀土元素和非稀土杂质的氯化稀土溶液。研究用P507(2-乙基己基膦酸单-2-乙基己基酯,HEH/EHP)从盐酸介质中萃取稀土的工艺方法,考察萃取分离稀土的主要影响因素。试验结果表明:可以从P507-煤油-盐酸体系中有效地萃取出稀土元素,较好地实现稀土元素和非稀土杂质的分离,其较优工艺条件为:萃取剂浓度(P507体积分数)为60%,浸取液pH为2.5,萃取相比为2:1,萃取平衡时间为30 min;负载有机相直接用盐酸进行反萃得到氯化稀土溶液,反萃盐酸浓度为2.0 mol/L,反萃平衡时间为60 min。该方法工艺简单,解决了废FCC催化剂的处理问题,减少对环境的污染,同时也回收稀土金属。     

用钽试剂—氯仿萃取比色法测定钒的含量

1 方法及试验1.1 钒标准溶液的配制及标定配制:准确秤取纯钒酸铵1.1480g,以热水200ml溶解,冷却后移入500ml容量瓶中,稀释至刻度摇匀,此溶液(A)1ml含钒lmg,色消失加过量2～3滴,滴加苯代邻氨基苯甲酸2滴,用硫酸亚铁标准溶液(0.02N)缓慢滴定至粉红色消失即为滴定终     

Extraction of vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching

To extract vanadium in an environment friendly manner, this study focuses on the process of leaching vanadium from vanadium slag by high pressure oxidative acid leaching. Characterizations of the raw slag, mineralogy transformation, and the form of leach residues were made by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The result shows that the vanadium slag is composed of major phases of fayalite, titanomagnetite, and spinel. During the high pressure oxidative acid leaching process, the fayalite and spinel phases are gradually decomposed by sulfuric acid, causing the release of vanadium and iron in the solution. Meanwhile, unreacted silicon and titanium are enriched in the leach residues. With the initial concentration of sulfuric acid at 250 g·L-1, a leaching temperature of 140℃, a leaching time of 50 min, a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 mL·g-1, and oxygen pressure at 0.2 MPa, the leaching rate of vanadium reaches 97.69%.     

中国钒资源全生命周期动态物质流分析

 钒在钢铁、化工和航空航天等领域的广泛应用持续推动钒物质流动和供需格局的变化，特别是电池应用的商业化将影响未来能源转型及新能源存储领域的长期发展。为揭示中国钒物质流的变化和未来供需格局，构建了钒的全生命周期物质流分析框架，核算了2000-2019年中国钒的流量、存量和供需情况。研究显示：（1）中国是钒生产和消费大国，含钒钢铁、合金（钒铁合金）是金属钒的主要消费领域，消费占比稳定在85%以上，储能电池作为钒的前沿应用，占钒消费总量的比例也在不断增加；（2）2000-2019年中国是钒初级产品净进口国（5362 t），也是钒制品净出口国（8284 t），全钒液流电池处于出口状态，钒储能技术研究将迎来高峰；（3）2010-2019年钒在用存量增加了5倍，达到120万t，其中电池在用存量增加了24倍，钒开始向电池等新兴行业发展；（4）2000-2019年钒报废量为8.1万t，仅有1.8万t被回收（回收率为23%），提高钒的循环利用可以减少钒原矿资源的开采及其产生的环境影响。     

Binding of vanadium compounds perturbs conformation and aggregation state of insulin

The interactions between zinc-free insulin and vanadium compounds, NaVO3, VO(acac)2 and VO(ma)2, have been investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that binding of vanadium compounds produced a static quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of insulin. The apparent association constants were determined to be (0.17±0.01)×104 L*mol-1 for NaVO3, (2.8±0.2)×104 L*mol-1 for VO(acac)2, and (4.0±0.1)×104 L*mol-1 for VO(ma)2, respectively. The light scattering intensity of insulin decreased upon incubation with the vanadium compounds, suggesting the disaggregation of insulin. The attenuation of the band at 273 nm of insulin CD spectra also supported the disaggregation of insulin observed above. A new band at 1650～1653 cm-1 appeared in the FT-IR spectra of insulin upon incubation with the vanadium compounds, indicating the formation of an α-helix structure at B (9-19) motif. This α-helix structure suggests a structural change of insulin from an extended conformation (T state) to a helical conformation (R state), which is essential for binding of insulin to its receptor. In conclusion, binding of vanadium compounds results in conformational changes and disaggregation of insulin. These changes might account for the enhancement of binding affinity for insulin to its receptor in the presence of vanadium compounds.     

Effect of vanadium carbide on commercial pure aluminum

The effect of vanadium carbide (VC) on the grain size of commercial pure aluminum was experimentally investigated by varying the content of VC, the holding time, and casting temperature. The refining efficiencies of VC and Al5Ti1B were also compared. The refined samples of commercial pure aluminum were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results suggest that VC is a good refiner of commercial pure aluminum. The addition of only 0.3wt% VC can decrease the grain size of aluminum to 102 μm, whereas the casting temperature and holding time have little effect on the grain size. The refining efficiency of VC is better than that of Al5Ti1B. The VC particles in molten aluminum act as nuclei and the grain refinement of aluminum alloys by VC particles is achieved via heterogeneous nucleation.     

VPO系孔道化合物钒氧化态对结构热稳定性的影响机理

利用多功能X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析方法,研究了三维孔道结构化合物(H3NCH2CH2NH2)4[VⅢ(H2O)2(VⅣO)8(OH)4(HPO4)4(PO4)4(H2O)2]·3H2O(简称V9P8-en)在不同气氛下热处理脱除模板过程中的钒氧化态变化规律及其与结构演化的关系.结果表明,380℃之前有机模板受热分解形成较强的还原气氛,致使骨架中部分钒被还原(V4 →V3 );随着钒氧化态的改变,原有的配位环境([VⅢO6]八面体、[VⅣO5]四方单锥)随之调整而导致结构重组.因此,热处理过程中控制钒氧化态变化将有助于保持骨架结构的稳定性.     

硼对钒钛磁铁矿烧结微观结构的影响

为研究硼的含量对钒钛磁铁烧结矿微观结构的影响,利用XRD和扫描电镜对实验样品进行观察,发现添加适量的硼能够对钒钛烧结矿中硅酸盐的生成起抑制作用,并改善钒钛磁铁烧结矿表面结构,提高烧结矿液相生成能力、固相固结性能、抗粉化性同时降低孔隙率。当烧结矿中硼含量达到1.5%~2.5%时实验效果最佳。     

乙醇对钒电池电解液传质过程的机理研究

以五氧化二钒、硫酸等为原料,用化学合成法制备了用于钒电池的电解液。研究了在支持电解质硫酸浓度为2 mol/L的情况下,不同钒离子浓度的正极电解液的电化学性质,钒离子浓度为2 mol/L和3 mol/L的正极电解液中添加乙醇和KHSO4做循环伏安测试。实验结果表明:不添加任何添加剂时,电活性物质V4+为2.5 mol/L时电化学活性最好,电流密度最大;V4+浓度小于2.5 mol/L时,添加剂的加入不会对电化学反应产生不利影响;浓度大于2.5 mol/L时,醇类等具有络合效应添加剂的加入会降低电解液的电化学活性,而不具有络合效应的添加剂则影响较小。     

A novel process for comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag

Traditional processes for treating vanadium slag generate a huge volume of solid residue and a large amount of harmful gas, which cause serious environmental problems. In this study, a new process for the comprehensive utilization of vanadium slag was proposed, wherein zeolite A and a V₂O₅/TiO₂ system were synthesized. The structural properties of the as-synthesized zeolite A and the V₂O₅/TiO₂ system were characterized using various experimental techniques, including X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal that zeolite A and the V₂O₅/TiO₂ system are successfully obtained with high purity. The results of gas adsorption measurements indicate that the prepared zeolite A exhibits high selectivity for CO₂ over N₂ and is a candidate material for CO₂ capture from flue-gas streams.     

Low temperature thermodynamic study of the stable and metastable phases of vanadium

The low temperature thermodynamics of the stable phase of vanadium has been assessed by the polynomial and Debye models from the experimental data available in literature. By means of the con-strained nonlinear least squares curve fitting arithmetic,two sets of parameter values have been de-termined. Expressions of the thermodynamic functions Cp(T) and G(T)-H(298.15 K) at 0―298.15 K are presented. The low temperature thermodynamics of the metastable phase of vanadium can only be extrapolated by the Debye model. The expression of the thermodynamic function Cp(T) at 0―298.15 K is presented.