Microstructural characteristics and electrical resistivity of rapidly solidified Co-Sn alloys

The rapid solidification behavior of Co-Sn alloys was investigated by melt spinning method.The growth morphology of αCo phase in Co-20% Sn hypoeutectic alloy changes senistively with cooling rate.A layer of columnar αCo dendrite forms near the roller side at low colling rates.This region becomes small and disappears as the cooling rate increases and a kind of very fine homogeneous microstructure characterized by the distribution of equiaxed αCo dendrites in γCo3Sn matrix is subsequently produced.For Co-34.2% Sn eutectic alloy,anomalous eutectic forms within the whole range of cooling rates.The increase of cooling rate has two obvious effects on both alloys:one is the microstructure refinement,and the other is that it produces more crystal defects to intensify the seattering of free electrons,leading to a remarkable increase of electrical resistivity,Under the condition that the grain boundary reflection coefficient γ approaches 1,the resistivity of rapidly solidified Co-Sn alloys can be predicted theoretically.     

Microstructure simulation of rapidly solidified ASP30 high-speed steel particles by gas atomization

In this study, the microstructure evolution of rapidly solidified ASP30 high-speed steel particles was predicted using a simulation method based on the cellular automaton-finite element (CAFE) model. The dendritic growth kinetics, in view of the characteristics of ASP30 steel, were calculated and combined with macro heat transfer calculations by user-defined functions (UDFs) to simulate the microstructure of gas-atomized particles. The relationship among particle diameter, undercooling, and the convection heat transfer coefficient was also investigated to provide cooling conditions for simulations. The simulated results indicated that a columnar grain microstructure was observed in small particles, whereas an equiaxed microstructure was observed in large particles. In addition, the morphologies and microstructures of gas-atomized ASP30 steel particles were also investigated experimentally using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results showed that four major types of microstructures were formed: dendritic, equiaxed, mixed, and multi-droplet microstructures. The simulated results and the available experimental data are in good agreement.     

非晶态铝锰合金电镀的反应机理

循环伏安法证明，二氯化锰浓度和温度对铝－锰电沉积的影响极显著，在静止的熔盐中，较高的二氯化锰浓度和较低的温度有利于形成单一的非晶铝－锰相。恒电位法研究证明，非晶铝－锰的电沉积时，其成核速度很小，而且具有二维生长的特征，所以缺陷少、性能好。     

快凝锡基软钎料的浸润性研究

引入了快冷锡基软钎料的浸润性模型,并进行了计算处理．结果表明,经过快冷加工后,锡基软钎料的钎焊浸润角变小,浸润性得到了改善,钎焊接头强度有所提高;钎焊温度对浸润性影响很大,并随着温度的提高,液态快冷钎料的表面张力降低,浸润角随之变小．     

探讨稀土元素在快速凝固Al-Ti合金中的作用

在快速凝固Al-Ti合金中加入稀土元素La可以有效的增加合金的过冷度,抑制平衡相Al3Ti,亚稳相Al4Ti,优先形成细小、园整、弥散的金属问化合物相Al20Ti2La,该化合物相具有优良的热稳定性,极大的改善了快速凝固Al-Ti合金的热强性能．     

快速凝固Al-Li合金的拉伸性能及微观机制

对不同的热处理条件下不同挤压比成型的快速凝固 Al- L i合金的拉伸性能进行了对比研究 ,通过电子透镜和扫描断口分析表明 ,Al- Li合金是一种近乎脆断的断裂方式 ,其原因是 δ′相 (Al3L i)和 S′相(Al2 Cu Mg)不能很好地匹配     

Microstructure and magnetostrictive performance of NbC-doped<100>oriented Fe-Ga alloys

The <100> oriented Fe₈₃Ga₁₇ alloy rods with various NbC contents less than 1at% were prepared by the directional solidification method at a growth rate of 720 mm·h-1. Low NbC-content was found to affect the oriented grain growth and slightly improve the <100> orientation. Flat grain boundaries in the alloys with low NbC contents less than 0.2at% became greatly curved at higher NbC contents, and a large amount of Nb-rich precipitates were observed in the alloys with high NbC contents. Small amounts of NbC, less than 0.2at%, resulted in an increase in magnetostrictive strain due to the improvement of the <100> orientation, and a high magnetostrictive strain value of 335×10-6 under a pre-stress of 15 MPa was obtained in the 0.1at% NbC-doped alloys. The magnetostrictive performance obviously decreased with the NbC addition higher than 0.5at%, and the strain sensitivity under no pre-stress was lower than that in the binary Fe-Ga alloy.     

激光区熔定向凝固Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶自生复合陶瓷的显微组织与断裂韧性

采用激光区熔定向凝固技术制备Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶自生复合陶瓷,研究其在超高温度梯度、不同激光工艺条件下的快速凝固组织特征及其相互影响,并对其力学性能以及增韧机制进行了分析. 研究结果表明:(1)激光区熔定向凝固Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶由α-Al2O3、YAG以及ZrO2三相组成,不存在其他相以及相间晶团. 各相均匀连续分布,耦合生长,呈网状结构,是典型的快速凝固层片状非规则共晶组织. (2)在一定的激光功率密度下,共晶间距随扫描速度的增大急剧减小,最小间距仅为0.2～0.3 μm. (3)Y2O3在ZrO2中具有一定的固溶度,固溶程度不同时,ZrO2呈现不同的形貌. (4)定向凝固Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2共晶陶瓷的硬度高达18.67 Gpa,室温断裂韧性为8.0 Mpa·m1/2. 第三组元ZrO2的加入、相的小尺寸效应以及裂纹分叉是韧性增强的主要原因.     

Al-Si合金快速等轴凝固界面响应函数及组织选择

在快速枝晶及共晶生长理论模型基础上,使用最高界面生长温度判据,建立了共晶合金快速等轴凝固界面响应函数(IRF)模型,分析了Al-Si合金系各种相及组织的竞争生长,绘制了非平衡组织选择图.计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,说明所建立的界面响应函数模型可以较好地预测Al-Si合金等轴凝固过程中的非平衡组织选择及形态演化.     

Dendrite growth and micromechanical properties of rapidly solidified ternary Ni-Fe-Ti alloy

The rapid solidification of undercooled liquid Ni_(45)Fe_(40)Ti_(15)alloy was realized by glass fluxing technique.The microstructure of this alloy consists of primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase and a small amount of interdendritic pseudobinary eutectic.The primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase transferred from coarse dendrite to fragmented dendrite and the lamellar eutectic became fractured with the increase of undercooling.The growth velocity ofγ-(Fe,Ni)dendrite increased following a power relation with the rise of undercooling.The addition of solute Ti suppressed the rapid growth ofγ-(Fe,Ni)dendrite,as compared with the calculation results of Fe-Ni alloy based on LKT model.The microhardness values of the alloy and the primaryγ-(Fe,Ni)phase increased by 1.5 times owing to the microstructural refinement caused by the rapid dendrite growth.The difference was enlarged as undercooling increases,resulting from the enhanced hardening effects on the alloy from the increased grain boundaries and the second phase.     

快速凝固Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Re粉末钎料的制备及其性能

采用快凝技术制备了粒度50-90 μm的亚共晶Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Re快凝粉末钎料,对其性能进行了分析.实验结果表明,快凝钎料液相线降低了5 ℃.与普通钎料相比,快凝Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Re粉末钎料润湿角提高了2.5,抗剪强度提高了28%.快凝钎料组织细小均匀无偏析现象,在钎焊过程中与母材扩散性能好,有利于提高润湿性和接头抗拉强度.采用快速凝固方法制备粉末钎料,不仅工艺简单,储存、使用方便,且可获得性能更优良的钎料,并可用于开发新型钎料.     

CO2激光焊接快速凝固耐热铝合金AA8009

采用3种不同的焊接速度（0.6, 1.5和2.4 m/min）, 对板厚为1 mm的耐热铝合金AA8009进行CO2激光焊接. 研究结果表明： 在焊接冷却速度为102～103 ℃/s时, 焊缝中心凝固组织为亚共晶组织, 大量细小的第二相粒子弥散分布在细小近等轴的α-Al中;在熔化区边界存在大量粗大的针状相分布在粗大胞状枝晶α-Al中;提高焊接速度可改善焊接接头组织和性能, 当焊接速度为2.4 m/min时, 焊缝组织类似于基材组织;焊接接头断裂发生在熔化区边界.     

先进高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金凝固和均匀化组织及相构成

采用热力学计算与实验相结合的方法,研究了两种高强韧Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金铸态及均匀化态的显微组织和相构成.铸态A合金主要由Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相和少量Al2Cu相组成,而铸态B合金仅含Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2相.热力学计算显示,A和B两种合金的实际凝固过程介于Lever Rule和Scheil Model两种模拟结果之间,由于合金成分不同而导致的铸态A和B合金中各相含量差异与Scheil Model模拟所得到的各相摩尔分数变化规律基本一致.经常规工业均匀化处理(460℃保温24 h),铸态A和B合金中存在的Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2或Al2Cu相均能充分回溶,并得到单相α(Al)基体,这与热力学计算所得到的AlZn-Mg-Cu四元系统在7.5%Zn条件下460℃等温相图相符合.     

Al-Mn合金镀层的制备与性能

利用AlCl3＋LiAlH4＋MnCl2有机溶剂体系在低碳钢基体上进行了电镀Al-Mn合金的实验，并对不同电镀工艺下Al-Mn合金镀层的表面形貌、成分、结构、厚度、结合力和耐蚀性等进行了研究．实验结果表明，沉积出的Al-Mn合金镀层表面光滑并呈网状分布；镀层中的Mn含量（原子分数）在3％～8％间变化，其中Mn以Al-Mn过饱和固溶体形式存在，且按（200）面的结构进行生长．随电镀时间和电流密度的增加，Al-Mn合金镀层的厚度呈线性增大，但膜层与基体的结合力逐渐降低．Al-Mn合金镀层的耐蚀性随沉积电流密度的增加而减小，随电镀时间的延长呈先增大后减小的规律．Al-Mn合金镀层的沉积速率、结合力和耐蚀性均高于相同沉积条件下的纯铝镀层。Al-Mn合金镀层在AlCl3＋LiAlH4＋MnCl2有机溶剂体系中的最佳沉积工艺为电流密度0．15～0．50A／dm^2、电镀时间30～45min．     

激光快速凝固法制备BaTi4O9微波介质陶瓷

采用激光快速凝固(LRS)法,制备四钛酸钡(BT4,BaTi4O9)微波介质陶瓷,使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析晶相构成及显微组织,使用精密阻抗分析仪测试介电性能。结果表明,LRS制备BT4呈层片状结构,具有较高的致密度(相对密度99.6%),其晶粒沿c轴方向(平行于激光入射方向)择优生长,c轴方向择优取向度为0.46。在1 MHz下,介电常数为85,介电损耗为0.083,介电常数温度系数为1.96×10-4。由于在LRS过程中熔体产生极大的温度梯度,因而形成织构化的BT4,介电常数显著提高。     

两种快凝AlFeX（V，W）Si合金的组织性能

采用喷射沉积坯轧制和ＲＳ／ＰＭ粉末挤压坯轧制的２种工艺制各了Ａｌ－８．５Ｆｅ－１．３Ｖ－１．７Ｓｉ和Ａｌ－８．５Ｆｅ－１．３Ｗ－１．７Ｓｉ合金的板材，并通过透射电镜，扫描电镜和力学拉伸实验研究了板材的组织性能．结果表明，综合性能ＡｌＦｅＷＳｉ合金优于ＡｌＦｅＶＳｉ合金的喷射沉积坯轧制板材．     

Rapid solidification of acoustically levitated Al-Cu-Si eutectic alloy under laser irradiation

Al-27%Cu-5.3%Si ternary eutectic alloy was melted using a YAG laser and then solidified while being acoustically levitated. A maximum undercooling to 195 K (0.24 TL) was achieved with a cooling rate of 76 K/s. The solidification microstructure was composed of (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics and (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics. During acoustic levitation, the (Al+θ+Si) ternary eutectics are refined and the (Al+θ) pseudobinary eutectics have morphological diversity. On the surface of the alloys, surface oscillations and acoustic streaming promote the nucleation of the three eutectic phases and expedite the cooling process. This results in the refinement of the ternary eutectic microstructure. During experiments, the reflector decreases with increasing alloy temperature, and the levitation distance always exceeds the resonant distance. Because of the acoustic radiation pressure, the melted alloy was flattened, and deformation increases with increasing sound pressure. The maximum aspect ratio achieved was 6.64, corresponding to a sound pressure of 1.8×104 Pa.     

Al-La合金不连续枝晶组织形成机理

在Al-La合金的自由凝固试样中,发现Al-35%La合金组织形貌的特殊性,其先结晶相Al11La3枝晶沿主干方向成分是不连续的. 为验证这种组织存在的真实性,采用定向凝固方法制备了不同冷却速度下的Al-35%La合金试样,结果显示出定向凝固Al-35%La合金中Al11La3枝晶沿主干方向成分是不连续的. 在此基础上,分析了化学成分与凝固速度对Al-La合金组织的影响,并初步探讨了这种不连续枝晶的形成机理.     

Effect of solidification rate on the coarsening behavior of precipitate in rapidly solidified Al-Si alloy

The gas-atomized Al-Si alloy powder with different particle sizes was subjected to isothermal annealing for understanding the effect of solidification rate on precipitation and growth Si crystals. The results show that Si precipitates grew more quickly in the small samples with a large solidification rate due to high interfacial energy. Moreover, these Si crystals had a tendency to form a quasi-spherical shape after annealing at a low temperature or for a short holding time. Coarsening of the Si precipitates during annealing was examined using a LSW equation. Thermal stability of the rapidly solidified alloy was significantly influenced by its original microstructure as a result of high solidification rate. Furthermore, more serious clustering of Si-Si phase was also observed in the small samples, attributed to the rapid coarsening of the Si phases.