Improvement of orbit determination for geostationary satellites with VLBI tracking

China’s COMPASS satellite navigation system consists of five or more geostationary (GEO) satellites.The roles of GEO satellites are to improve the regional user’s positioning accuracy and provide the continuous Radio Determination Satellite Service.The motion of GEO satellites relative to a ground tracking station is almost fixed,and regular orbit maneuvers are necessary to maintain the satellites’ allocated positions above the equator.These features present difficulties in precise orbit determination (POD).C-band ranging via onboard transponders and the L-band pseudo-ranging technique have been used in the COMPASS system.This paper introduces VLBI tracking,which has been successfully employed in the Chinese lunar exploration programs Chang’E-1 and Chang’E-2,to the POD of GEO satellites.In contrast to ranging,which measures distances between a GEO satellite and an observer,VLBI is an angular measurement technique that constrains the satellite’s position errors perpendicular to the satellite-to-observer direction.As a demonstration,the Chinese VLBI Network organized a tracking and orbit-determination experiment for a GEO navigation satellite lasting 24 h.This paper uses the VLBI delay and delay-rate data,in combination with C-band ranging data,to determine the GEO satellite’s orbit.The accuracies of the VLBI delay and delay rate data are about 3.6 ns and 0.4 ps/s,respectively.Data analysis shows that the VLBI data are able to calibrate systematic errors of the C-band ranging data,and the combination of the two observations improves orbit prediction accuracy with short-arc data,which is important for orbital recovery after maneuvers of GEO satellites.With the implementation of VLBI2010,it is possible for VLBI to be applied in the COMPASS satellite navigation system.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取深层稠油组分的分子动力学模拟

为了从微观层面探究超临界CO_2对稠油组分的萃取机制,采用分子动力学模拟方法分析了稠油组分在砂岩表面的密度分布和吸附特征,研究了超临界CO_2对岩石表面稠油组分的萃取特点和扩散规律。研究结果表明,稠油四组分在稠油聚集体中呈现不均衡分布状态,沥青质自缔合能力强,胶质紧密包裹在沥青质周围,构成复杂的空间网状结构;芳香烃和饱和烃分布在沥青质、胶质周围,显示出稠油分子结构的层次性。沥青质与岩石表面相互作用能较大,超临界CO_2难以在沥青质中运移,扩散系数低,萃取难度大,萃取率接近于0;而芳香烃、饱和烃与岩石表面的相互作用能较小,超临界CO_2容易在芳香烃、饱和烃中溶解、运移,扩散系数大,容易被超临界CO_2萃取,萃取率可分别达到53%和28%。运用分子动力学方法揭示的微观动力学机制对于宏观认识超临界CO_2萃取稠油轻质组分具有重要意义。     

GIS-based highway geological hazard information management and decision support system

Based on the practical application of Geology Information System(GIS) throughout the world, combined with the characters of road’s geological hazard and it’s supervision, the paper introduces on the importance of the research on road’s geological hazards information management and decision-making support system. The paper also analyzes the system’s target, the principles and key techniques in developing the system. In the research, we developed the GIS-based road’s geological hazard information management and decision-making support system and applied it to one speedway in the west of China where contains typical geological hazards. The system based on the database of road’s geological hazard on the grounds of spatial graphic information and attribute information. By virtue of the scientific assessment and prediction mathematical model, integrating the GIS’s strongpoint on spatial analyzing, the system is capable of visualizing the regionalization of road according to the geological hazards it contains, and accurately assessing and predicting geological hazards, thus efficiently assists the road construction and management units in the decision making on controlling the geological hazards and reducing the related loss. Biography: WANG Weidong (1971–), male, Associate professor, Ph.D. candidate, research direction: road and railway engineering, management science and engineering.     

Sticker DNA computer model ——Part Ⅰ: Theory

Sticker model is one of the basic models in the DNA computer models. This model is coded with single-double stranded DNA molecules. It has the following advantages that the operations require no strands extension and use no enzymes; What‘s more, the materials are reusable.Therefore it arouses attention and interest of scientists in many fields. In this paper, we will systematically analyze the theories and applications of the model, summarize other scientists‘ contributions in this field, and propose our research results. This paper is the theoretical portion of the sticker model on DNA computer, which includes the introduction of the basic model of sticker computing. Firstly, we systematically introduce the basic theories of classic models about sticker computing; Secondly, we discuss the sticker system which is an abstract computing model based on the sticker model and formal languages; Finally, extend and perfect the model, and present two types of models that are more extensive in the applications and more perfect in the theory than the past models: one is the so-called k-bit sticker model, the other is full-message sticker DNA computing model.     

注水开发油田进行注气开发的可行性研究

注水是油田开发中使用最为普遍的开采方式,但水驱采收率一般不高,探索水驱后如何提高采收率一直是广大科技工作者思考的问题。注气是一种较好的提高采收率技术,在水驱后油田注气潜力如何还不清楚。在此分析了国内外油田水驱后注气项目实施情况,并对我国一些油田实例进行了评价,对我国油田水驱后注气开发的实施有较好的指导意义。     

Authenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol with forward secrecy

Forward secrecy is an important security property in key agreement protocol. Based on Ham＇s protocol, in this paper a new authenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol with half forward secrecy is proposed. This protocol is also based on a single cryptographic assumption, and is user authentication and shared key authentication. More importantly, our protocol provides forward secrecy with respect to one of the parties. For this reason, besides the advantages of Ham＇s protocol, in practice, our protocol can reduce the damages resulted from the disclosure of the user＇s secret key and it is very beneficial to today＇s communication with portable devices.     

Modulation of low-frequency oscillations in GaAs MESFETs’ channel current by sidegating bias

Low-frequency oscillations in channel current are usually observed when measuring the GaAs MESFET‘s output characteristics. This paper studies the oscillations by testing the MESFET‘s output characteristics under different sidegate bias conditions. It is shown that the low-frequency oscillations of channel current are directly related to the sidegate bias. In other words, the sidegate bias can modulate the oscillations. Whether the sidegate bias varies positively or negatively, there will inevitably be a threshold voltage after which the low-frequency oscillations disappear. The observation is strongly dependent upon the peculiarities of channel-substrate (C-S) junction and impact ionization of traps-EL2 under high field. This conclusion is of particular pertinence to the design of low-noise GaAs IC‘s.     

衰竭开发沥青质析出相态及数值模拟研究

在油田开发过程中,沥青质沉积可导致地层孔隙堵塞,造成油田产量下降,因此开展沥青质沉积规律研究非常必要。本文在室内实验的基础上,研究了沥青质的相态特征,利用气-液-固三相平衡理论绘制了沥青质析出包络线图,得到了沥青质析出的温度和压力范围。根据A油田实际资料,建立了沥青质模拟的数值模拟模型,能够模拟沥青质析出、絮凝、沉淀和伤害四个过程;分析了沥青质析出对地层的伤害,随着沥青质的析出,地层孔隙度和渗透率降低,原油粘度增加;研究了沥青质析出对采出程度的影响,考虑沥青质时,生产10年采出程度下降2.3%,最优井底流压为35MPa。     

石油沥青质中杂原子化合物的高分辨质谱分析

使用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱研究沥青质及其亚组分的分子组成。结果表明,重质油及其沥青质中杂原子化合物分子组成十分复杂,负离子电喷雾结合高分辨傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR MS)鉴定出了N1、N1O1、N1O1S1、N1O2、N1S1、O2、O2S1、O2S2、O2S3、O3、O3S1、O4等多种杂原子类型,含氧化合物和分子中存在多个杂原子的化合物在沥青质中相对富集。加拿大油砂沥青减压渣油(VTB)C7沥青质较C5沥青质中化合物缩合度更高;不同原油沥青质组成差异很大,VTB沥青质中杂原子类型多,分子缩合程度较高,而苏丹VR沥青质中含氧化物丰度较高。分子缩合度的微小变化也能对沥青质的溶解度产生较大影响,通过对不同极性亚组分分析,从分子层次证明了高缩度和多杂原子化合物最容易在低极性或非极性溶剂中沉淀出来。通过对非碱性氮化合物和酸性化合物的分子组成分析,获得了沥青质分子组成的重要信息,尽管在实验选用的仪器条件下仅能对沥青质中部分化合物进行分析,但是可以确定沥青质中存在很多小分子化合物。     

剩余油分布的影响因素

在油田开发过程中,准确估算剩余油饱和度及其分布对于估算一次采油和二次采油的可采储量具有重要意义。进行剩余油研究,首先要弄清楚剩余油分布的影响因素,这也是进行剩余油开发方案部署的前提条件。在调研的基础上对剩余油分布的影响因素进行了归纳总结,对剩余油的开发具有借鉴和指导意义。     

Exsolution microstructures in ultrahigh-pressure rocks: Progress, controversies and challenges

Exsolution microstructures in minerals of rocks from orogenic belts played an important role in recognition of ultrahigh-pressure （UHP） metamorphism in their host rocks by defining the subduction depth and improving our understanding of the dynamics during the subduction and exhumation of UHP rocks. However, it is a challenging scientific topic to distinguish the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and decipher their geological implications. This paper describes the subtle differences between the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ and the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ and summarizes the progress in studies of exolution microstructures from UHP rocks and mantle rocks of ultra-deep origin. We emphasize distinguishing the ＇exsolution microstructures＇ from the ＇non-exsolution microstructures＇ based on their geometric topotaxy and chemistry. In order to decipher correctly the exsolution microstructures, it is crucial to understand the changes of chemistry and habits of host minerals with pressure and temperature, Therefore, it is important to combine observations of exsolution microstructure in natural rocks with experimental results at high pressure and temperature and results of micro-scale analyses. Such studies will improve our understanding of the UHP metamorphism and cast new lights on solid geoscience issues such as deep subduction of continental crusts and crust-mantle interactions.     

混合菌提高采收率技术在油田中的应用研究

目前微生物采油技术的研究主要集中在单菌种微生物提高采收率方面,有关混合菌驱油实验和矿场试验方面的研究甚少.对混合菌采油效果进行了室内实验研究,并进行了矿场试验.室内实验研究表明:所选用的DQ7、DY3两株实验菌,具有降解原油中重质烃类、生成表面活性剂和气等性能,可使原油黏度降低,凝固点下降.现场试验效果表明:所用混合菌可有效疏通井筒及近井地带石蜡和胶质沥青质的沉积,降低原油黏度,改善原油的流动性能,从而减缓结蜡速度,有效提高原油产量.     

The multireceiver commitment schemes

Existing commitment schemes were addressed under the classic two-party scenario, However, popularity of the secure multi-party computation in today＇s lush network communication is motivating us to adopt more sophisticate commitment schemes. In this paper, we study for the first time multireceiver commitment in unconditionally secure setting, i.e., one committer promises a group of verifiers a common secret value （in computational setting it is trivial）. We extend the Rivest model for this purpose and present a provably secure generic construction using multireceiver authentication codes （without secrecy） as building blocks. Two concrete schemes are proposed as its immediate implementations, which are almost as efficient as an optimal MRA-code. We believe using other primitives to construct variants of this concept will open doors for more interesting research.     

Speeding up implementation for Shor’s factorization quantum algorithm

In this paper, based on the implementation of semiclassical quantum Fourier transform, we first propose the concept of generation vector of ternary binary representation, construct the generation function’s truth table, prove that the generation vector of ternary binary representation is one kind of k ’s NAF representation and further find that its number of nonzero is not more than [(⌈log k⌉ + 1)/2]. Then we redesign a quantum circuit for Shor’s algorithm, whose computation resource is approximately equal to that of Parker (Their requirements of elementary quantum gate are both O(⌈logN⌉³), and our circuit requires 2 qubits more than Parker’s). However, our circuit is twice as fast as Parker’s.     

食肉目动物食性研究方法

食肉目哺乳动物位于食物链顶端,很多成员是野生动物保护的重要对象.目前国内外关于它们食性的研究方法主要有直接观察法、食痕分析法、粪便分析法、粪便DNA分析法、胃内容物分析法、笼养实验法、稳定同位素分析法和驯服动物觅食记录法.其中前4种是无损伤取样法,对动物没有太大的影响,应用较多,特别是在对珍稀濒危动物的研究方面,而后4种则应用较少.综述食肉目动物食性研究方法,并讨论它们各自的优缺点及其应用,为今后食肉目动物的保护与研究提供参考.     

Characterization and sensor application of cellulose electro-active paper （EAPap）

As a novel piezoelectric material, the mechanical and piezoelectric properties of cellulose electro-active paper （EAPap） were studied. Young＇s modulus of piezoelectric EAPap was dependant on the material orientation as compared with other EAP materials. The highest Young＇s modulus was obtained at 0° direction, while the highest direct piezoelectric charge constant was achieved at 45°. By measuring the induced output voltage from the thin piezoelectric cellulose film under the applied impact force, we demonstrate that piezoelectric EAPap film has a potential for sensor applications.     

热／化学复合采油技术研究现状与进展

热／化学复合采油技术是针对解决蒸汽采油中存在的问题而发展起来的一种稠油开采方法。简要介绍了该技术的作用原理和现场应用情况,指出热／化学复合采油技术是一种提高稠油采收主的有效方法。对国内外室内实验和数值模拟的研究成果分别进行了阐述对比,综合评价了各项研究的优劣及适应范围,指出了研究中存在的问题及下一步研究方向。     

原油掺炼及其应用

石油掺炼作为石油精馏的一部分，对整个石油精馏具有重要意义。最佳掺炼比可通过实验、软件模拟等方法得到。通过对最佳掺炼比的实验及软件的分析发现国内外研究石油掺炼的模拟软件操作原理和步骤基本相同，利用各模拟软件掺炼后所给油品物性的可换算性，可用不同软件分别对掺炼和下游工序进行模拟。     

低渗透砂岩油层水驱采收率问题

本文仅就低渗透油层采收率与渗透率的关系及采收率与驱替速度的关系进行了岩心实验研究,结果表明,对于低渗透油层,其采收率值与地层渗透率存在明显依赖关系。随着渗透率的降低,采收率明显降低。驱替速度对采收率也有明显的影响。驱替速度逐渐增大导致采收率先是显著增加,达到最大位后又趋减小,并存在使采收率最大的一最佳驱油速度。实验说明,低渗透油层中多相渗流具有某些特殊规律,它与低渗透率及地层孔隙结构特征有密切关系,对它们的研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of “chimney effect” using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy

Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas reservoirs. The theoretical basis of comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of CE using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy has been reviewed, with the problems to be solved: (ⅰ) study for the relationship between process of oil/gas migration and geochemical field; (ⅱ) analysis of genesis of magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical anomaly; (ⅲ) interpretation of surface soil magnetism and geochemical anomaly combined with seismic data.