合肥地区蓼属植物花粉形态的研究

本文用扫描电镜对合肥地区产的蓼属Ｐｏｌｙｇｎｕｍ植物１４种２变种的花粉形态进行了观察。本地区蓼属植物花粉形态有球形、近球形、近长球形及长球形四种类型；萌发器官具三孔沟和散孔两种类型；外壁纹饰有微剌一穿孔一光滑、微剌一凹穴细网状和粗网状四种类型。根据这些特征将该地区花粉划分为４种类型。     

黄芪及其变种的花粉学研究

作者用扫描电镜研究了七株黄芪及其变种的花粉形态.该七株个体的花粉形态归为花粉粒长球形、大小为24.1×14.8μm,萌发沟细窄、沟膜不伸展和花粉粒球形、大小为18.7×17.1μm、萌发沟较宽、沟膜伸展等两类,而黄芪和其变种各自都包含了这两种花粉类型.黄芪的两种花粉类型与子房被毛与否有一定的联系.此外,本文讨论了花粉学与分类学之间相关性的重要性.     

凤尾丝兰花粉形态的研究

借助光学显微镜和扫描电镜对凤尾丝兰花粉形态进行了观察，该种植物花药内具多种类型花粉，有舟形、球形、近球形，萌发孔有远极单沟、无萌发孔、远极单沟—拟沟三种类型．外壁纹饰有网纹、脑纹．根据花粉形态特征，对其花粉萌发孔演化趋势进行了探讨．     

新疆甘草属植物花粉形态研究

本文作者用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对甘草属(Glycyrrhiza)八种植物花粉形态进行了详细观察和比较.本属花粉形态是单花粉类型;花粉粒为长球形或近园球形,极面观为三裂园形或钝园形;具3孔沟;花粉粒为中等大小(31·6～38·7μm);外壁分层明显;外壁纹饰为细网纹和网纹.用高速离心机对Gly-cyrrhiza uralensis和Glycyrrhiza glabra两种花粉进行破壁观察其外壁的内部结构.     

国槐及其变种、变型花粉形态的比较研究

利用扫描电镜对国槐（Sophova japonica L．）及其变种、变型的花粉形态进行了观察，描述了其花粉形态特征．通过比较研究表明花粉具有种内一致性，均为长球形，具3条萌发沟；花粉大小和表面纹饰的形态结构特征表现出种、变种和变异之间存在差异，可以作为分类依据．     

蜡梅品种花粉粒扫描电镜特征的分类研究

应用扫描电镜对蜡梅3个品种群共21个品种的花粉粒形态特征进行了观察和比较,对观测结果进行了主成分分析与聚类分析。结果表明：蜡梅花粉粒为中等大小,近扁球形至圆球形;蜡梅花粉外壁纹饰可分为蠕虫状和拟蠕虫状两个类型;蜡梅品种间花粉形态比较类似,但在纹饰细微特征、花粉粒大小、萌发沟长宽度等方面存在一定差异,可作为区分品种的辅助依据;花粉形态聚类分析结果与传统形态分类结果存在差异,花粉形态与内被片和中被片颜色并无直接关联。     

中国东北槭树属（AcerL.）七种植物花粉形态研究

用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了分布于我国东北地区的七种槭树属（ＡｃｅｒＬ．）植物花粉形态,本属花粉为近球形,亚长球形,亚扁球形,极面观为三裂圆形,花粉大小为（２１．４～３５．５）μｍ×（１８．７～３３．９）μｍ萌发孔类型为三沟,三拟孔沟,根据扫描电镜观察,槭树属花粉外壁多为条状纹饰,有时在条状纹饰上分布着许多小穿孔,只有糖槭（ＡｃｅｒｎｅｇｕｎｄｏＬ．）花粉外壁为细网状纹饰,网脊相连成条纹,花粉形态     

葱属花粉形态研究

报道了利用扫描电子显微镜对葱属(Allium L.)4种植物花粉形态的研究结果.结果显示,该属花粉为长球形和超长球形,具单沟,外壁雕纹均为脑纹状,表现出属的一致性,但其花粉形状、条纹突出程度、条纹分布以及孔穴数量均表现出种间差异.因此花粉形态特征可作为葱属植物种间分类的依据之一.     

中国野生牡丹花粉形态的研究

通过扫描电镜观察了芍药科(Paeoniaceae)芍药属(Paeonia)牡丹组(Sect.Moutan DC.)9个野生种23个居群的花粉形态.该组花粉多为长球形,少数近球形和超长球形,具三拟孔沟,大小为22.7～46.4 μm×13.6～29.9 μm,外壁纹饰形态多样,可分为穴状、网状、粗网状、条纹-网状、皱波-网状、皱波状.分析结果表明:花粉形态与植物的外部形态特征有一定关系,同一种野生牡丹生长在不同的环境中,其花粉形态也不同.因此,花粉分析对牡丹组种的区分有一定的参考价值,但要合理揭示其系统发育意义,仍需进行更全面深入的研究.     

内蒙古岩黄芪属（HedysarumL．）植物花粉形态及其分类

用扫描电镜观察了内蒙古产岩黄芪属８种、２变种植物的花粉形态．该属植物花粉形态相对一致，但在花粉粒形状、纹饰结构和孔膜等方面有差异．根据形状和孔膜特点本属花粉可分为近球形、近长球形、长球形和超长球形及孔膜外突和不外突序类型；以外壁纹饰特征又可分为网状、细网一穿孔状和穿孔状纹饰三类．结合其他分类学特征．对一些种进行了讨论和分类学处理，同时支持建立新变种：戈壁岩黄芪ＨｅｄｙｓａｒｕｍｆｒｕｔｉｃｏｓｕｍＰａｌｌ．ｖａｒ．ｇｏｂｉｃｕｍＹ．Ｚ．Ｚｈａｏｅｔａｌ．．     

内蒙古柴胡属植物花粉形态及其分类

本文首次用扫描电镜观察了内蒙古柴胡属７种１１株植物的花粉形态。该属植物花粉形态相对一致，但在花粉粒形状、纹饰细微结构和孔膜等方面有差异。根据形状和孔膜特点本属花粉可分为近菱形，卵形和近长方形等三类；以外壁纹饰特征又可分为皱波状纹饰较明显和不明显两类，后两类与以小总苞片特征所得的类群基本吻合。柴胡属某些种花粉形态在种内有变异现象。     

杉木无性系种子园花粉数量的研究

本研究为福建省洋口林场1966年的杉木嫁接种子园,包括42个无性系,200株母树,面积0.7公顷,母树平均树高8—9米。 依据母树“雄球花”的数量和生长状况,把种子园的母树区分为三类,即“簇生”、“混生”、“单生”,从各类母树中随机抽取3～4株作为样株,统计每株母树的“雄球花”数量和每个“雄球花”的花粉数量。 研究结果表明,每一个小孢子囊花粉粒的数量是3700粒,每一小孢子叶球含有264个小孢子囊,而一个“雄球花”又含有26个小孢子叶球,再估算出一个“雄球花”产生大约2540×10~4粒花粉。根据杉木种子园中一株母树的“雄球花”数量和一个“雄球花”的花粉粒的数量来估算每株树产生花粉粒的数量。在三种类型的母树中,每株树的花粉平均数量为532×10~8粒,估算这个无性系种子园所生产的花粉数量约91540×10~8粒。     

山茶属Camellia植物花粉形态的光学显微镜观察

在光学显微镜下观察了山茶属16组36种植物的花粉形态.结果表明,山茶属的花粉形状分规则形与不规则形两种,其中规则形花粉极面观呈三裂圆形、三裂正三角形、三裂钝三角形,赤道面观为圆形、卵圆形、椭圆形或钝三角形.     

怀地黄不同品种花粉形态的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察了14个品种怀地黄[Rehmannia glutinosa f.hueichingens-is(Chan et Sehih)Hsiao]的花粉形态.结果表明:花粉均为单粒花粉,呈长圆形至长矩圆形,大小为40.2~46.9μm,具3个萌发孔,网状纹饰,网眼明显;根据花粉形状可将其分为3类:(1)长方形或近长方形(2)椭圆形或近椭圆形(3)梭形.研究表明,花粉特征,特别是花粉的形态特征,在怀地黄不同品种间具有的可见变异,它们在分类学上的价值应予以关注.     

Isolation and characterization of 4 gametophytic male sterile mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana

In flowering plants, male fertility depends on the formation and development of normal male gametophytes or pollen grains. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate the processes. Here, we report the identification of four novel independent Arabidopsis gametophytic male sterile mutants, apam1, apam2, apam3 and apam4 (Arabidopsis pollen abortion mutant). The four mutants that were generated by the insertions of geneand enhancer-trap Ds transposon elements were defective in pollen development. Genetic analysis results showed that all four mutations resulted in the loss of male gametophytic function, but did not affect female gametophytic function, and the Ds elements were linked to the mutations tightly in all four mutants. Localization of the Ds insertion sites by thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) showed that the Ds elements were inserted in four different loci distributed on three chromosomes, chromosomes II, III and V. In summary, the apam4 is allelic to AHA3, while the other three were located in places where there are no genes that have been known to be involved in pollen development, suggesting that they are novel mutations involved in pollen development.     

上海地区气传花粉的监测

于2009年10月开始,进行为期一年的花粉采样.共设6个采样点,采用Cour风标式花粉收集器,对气传花粉的含量、种类和飘散规律进行了监测.共鉴定气传花粉5324164粒,隶属32科27属种.其中普陀区监测点气传花粉总数最高,其次分别是松江区、闸北区、浦东新区、徐汇区和宝山区.松江区花粉种数最多,为48种;徐汇最少,为37种.主要气传花粉为葎草、悬铃木属、松科、杉科、禾本科、榆属、蒿属和柳属等.春季3～4月和秋季9月为气传花粉散布高峰.最后,讨论了植被分布对本次监测的影响,不同域区气传花粉种类及散布规律比较,采样方法的影响,气传花粉与过敏捷性病病的联系等问题.     

中国水仙的胚胎学研究

中国水仙(Narcissustazetta var．chinensis)只开花不结实．以鳞茎球营养繁殖．在花芽发育过程中．减数分裂前的小孢子母细胞发育未显示异常．但在减数分裂过程中．许多细胞中显示出了异常的落后染色体现象．小孢子四分体主要呈左右对称型。细胞质分裂为连续型．四分体时期后。大部分小孢子呈空瘪状态。少部分小孢子含有染色较深的细胞质．约27％的花粉可发育成比较正常的二胞花粉．离体萌发实验中，有极少数花粉可萌发出花粉管。但在授粉的花柱柱头上未观察到花粉管．雌蕊由三心皮构成3室子房．中轴胎座．其上着生了上60～90个胚珠．胚珠倒生．双珠被，薄珠心．胚囊发生属于单孢子型，但大多数胚囊发育中途失败。只有约4％的胚囊可发育成7胞8核的蓼型胚囊．中国水仙雌、雄配子体发育异常和花粉在柱头上不能萌发是它只开花不结实的两个根本原因．     

Surface pollen assemblages of human-disturbed vegetation and their relationship with vegetation and climate in Northeast China

Pollen assemblages of 53 surface pollen samples from farmlands and wastelands in Northeast China were analyzed. Tree pollen percentages were usually higher than 30%, with Pinus (26.9%), Quercus (0.9%), Betula (0.9%) and Populus (0.7%) as the major types, and herb pollen percentages were usually higher than 50%, with weedy Poaceae (8.7%), Chenopodiaceae (7.1%), Artemisia (1.9%) and Compositae (3.5%) as the major taxa. Thus, the pollen assemblages were consistent with the regional vegetation compositions. However, there were differences in pollen assemblages among regions, especially among different geomorphological units. For example, in the mountains, there were more types of tree pollen and higher total percentages (average 42%) than in other areas, while cereal pollen percentages were lowest (11.2%). In the hills and high plains, herbs made up more than 60% of the pollens, with cereals (average 53.6%) the dominant type. In the low plains, pollen types were similar to those in the hills and high plains, but total pollen concentrations and the proportion of Concentricystes were much higher, while cereal pollen percentages were slightly lower (average 41.6%). Pollen assemblages in different land use types also differed. For example, in farmland, cereal pollen percentages were more than 40% and Chenopodiaceae was usually less than 2.5%, while in wasteland, weedy Poaceae was usually less than 10% and Chenopodiaceae was usually higher than 25%. Total pollen concentrations in farmland (average 3909 grains/g) were much lower than in wasteland (average 15074 grains/g). Redundancy analysis revealed that pollen assemblages were significantly negatively correlated with mean annual temperature (-0.73) and July mean temperature (-0.81) and significantly positively correlated with mean annual precipitation (0.48), indicating that pollen assemblages in the artificial or human-disturbed vegetation reflect regional climate well. Comparison of pollen assemblages in different areas of northern China showed that pollen concentrations reflect the intensities of human impact to some degree. For example, pollen concentrations decrease as human impacts increase in intensity. The cereal pollen proportions in farmland differed by area. In Northeast China, cereal pollen proportions were distinctly higher than in most other areas of northern China, suggesting differences in planting habits and climate.