复杂结构流道汽—液两相凝结流动压降

以复杂变截面流道为压降元件,研究了汽-液两相凝结流动的压降规律、两相流摩擦压降的L-M模型的扩展问题、均相流动模型和分相流动模型的适用性问题。获得了用混合平均雷诺数表达与两相凝结流压降的关系、L-M模型可用于非绝热的两相等温流等结论,为复杂流道中汽—液两相凝结流阻力的分析及压降计算奠定了基础。     

气空间中不凝结气体对自然循环流动沸腾的影响

为了研究不凝结气体对反应堆安全的影响，在清华大学核能技术设计研究院５ＭＷ热工水力实验台架上研究了气空间中有不凝结气体存在时自然循环两相流稳定性的变化。实验发现：在气空间中有很高的氮气分压情况下，即使冷凝器投入运行，系统仍可能出现沸腾和两相流振荡，汽液交界面的温度可达到气空间总压对应的饱和温度，蒸汽分压在气空间中存在不均匀分布。这些现象的研究对压水反应堆变工况运行有重要意义。并对汽液交界面的Ｓｔｅｆａｎ流现象进行了理论分析。     

基于直接接触凝结理论的汽液两相流升压模型

针对汽液两相流升压装置利用经验模型计算的过程中,仅能对出口压力进行计算,且计算值与实验值有较大误差的弱点,提出了用直接接触凝结（DCC）的理论求解汽液两相流的一维理论模型。计算升压装置的最大出口压力,分析其他参量的变化规律。结果表明,汽液两相流在凝结激波前为泡沫流,在凝结激波后完全凝结成单相水的情况下,升压装置的出口压力达到最大值。     

立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器的数值计算

利用立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器之倾斜折流板的疏液强化凝结传热是一种创新的改进.以数值模拟的方式,研究立式三分螺旋折流板冷凝器模型中倾斜折流板的疏液和螺旋通道内的流动汽液分离对凝结换热强化的影响.模拟结果表明,凝结换热效果随折流板倾斜角度减小而强化,且在含不凝性气体时,倾斜角为15°,25°和35°的3种三分螺旋折流板冷凝器方案和弓形折流板换热器方案比无折流板光管束Nusselt凝结模型方案的平均凝结换热系数分别高出89.7%,75.7%,58.2%和33.1%.     

管壳式冷凝器内低螺纹管的凝结传热模型

以蒸气在垂直壁面和水平圆管上的凝结传热特性为基础，建立了蒸汽在基管，翅片及翅顶上的凝结传热模型，对影响低螺纹管传热的结构参数翅片间距，翅片夹角以及当量翅高进行了计算分析，进而建立了低螺纹管管簇的凝结传热模型，得出了低螺纹管管簇的平均冷凝传热系数与管排数和管列数之间的关系式。     

闭式两相热虹吸管冷却段内凝结换热特性研究

研究在垂直布置闭式热虹吸管冷却段内两相流凝结换热特性，讨论了凝结换热系数的预报方法，提出了考虑上升蒸汽速度和液滴夹带现象后的凝结换热系数预报模型，计算表明这两种因素的影响是不容忽视的。     

汽液两相流不稳定性实验研究

以真空相变换热器内出现的汽法两相流不稳定性为基础，对具有凝结──蒸发管系的汽液两相流不稳定性进行了实验研究，考察了汽泡不稳定振动限及影响振动频率的有关因素，其结果对工程实际具有一定的指导意义．     

水平加热管束间三维汽液两相流特性的研究

针对卧式火管式蒸汽发生器的结构特点,对水平加热管束间的三维汽液两相流特性进行了实验研究。用单探头和三探头单纤光导探针分别测定了加热管束间的空泡份额分布和汽相速度分布。开发了三维汽液两相低雷诺数湍流漂移数学模型和相应的数值计算方法。为计算漂移数学模型中的汽相速度,综合考虑了重力和流体本身的加速作用对汽相漂移速度的影响,故该漂移数学模型可用于分析多维汽液两相流。计算结果与实验测量值符合良好,证明该数学模型是正确可靠的。     

内外螺旋三角翅片管管外冷凝传热建模与优化（Ⅰ）——物？…

将内外螺旋三角翅片管（简称ＩＯＳＦ管）管外冷凝换热表面分成表面张力起主导作用的膜状流冷凝区和重力分量为主导的沟槽内的溪状流排液区,由此建立了这两个区域相应的数学方程,并进一步导出了联立求解两个区域流动与传热的耦合方程,实现了对ＩＯＳＦ管管冷凝和流动过程的准三维数值模拟,其数值计算结果具有较高的工程计算精度,为ＩＯＳＦ管及纵槽管的冷凝换热器在工程设计及结构参数优化提供了设计计算条件。     

内外螺旋三角翅片管管外冷凝传热建模与优化(Ⅰ)——物理数学模型及数学处理方法

将内外螺旋三角翅片管（简称ＩＯＳＦ管）管外冷凝换热表面分成表面张力起主导作用的膜状流冷凝区和重力分量为主导的沟槽内的溪状流排液区,由此建立了这两个区域相应的数学方程,并进一步导出了联立求解两个区域流动与传热的耦合方程,实现了对ＩＯＳＦ管管外冷凝和流动过程的准三维数值模拟．其数值计算结果具有较高的工程计算精度,为ＩＯＳＦ管及纵槽管的冷凝换热器的工程设计及结构参数优化提供了设计计算条件．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with