超导材料的超快光谱研究

电子、晶格、自旋和轨道微观自由度对超导材料的宏观特性起到至关重要的作用.在超导体系中,特别是非常规超导材料,这些自由度衍生出具有不同能量尺度的玻色激发和有序态.前者如声子、磁振子、电荷密度波、自旋密度波、自旋涨落、向列涨落等;后者如超导态、赝能隙态、向列相、反铁磁/铁磁等.前者与后者的形成密切相关.尤其是,不同的玻色激发在频域内纠缠在一起彼此相互作用,同时又与电子(或准粒子)耦合,构建出复杂而又丰富的平衡态和非平衡态物理过程.超快光谱技术的独特性在于具有宽能量范围和高时间分辨率的特点,利用光(电磁波)与超导材料相互作用中的线性和非线性响应,可以共振或非共振地探测与调控这类材料中的准平衡或非平衡态动力学属性.因为桌面超快光谱系统功能全面且具有很大的灵活性,它不仅被应用于超导体系,而且被广泛应用于其他各种无机和有机材料.由于非平衡态理论,特别是与关联电子体系相关的,目前还处在快速发展的阶段,所以本综述主要介绍了常用的桌面超快光谱技术和目前被广泛使用的相关分析理论,聚焦于讨论超导材料中超快光谱实验数据涌现出来的一些普适性趋势及进展.所涉及的超导材料包含了常规超导体、铜氧化物超导体、铁基超导体和重费米子超导体.     

Combined-dynamic mode “dip-pen” nanolithography and physically nanopatterning along single DNA molecules

Atomic force micriscope (AFM)-based dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) is an emerging approach for constructing nanostructures on material surfaces such as gold, silicon and silicon oxide. Although DPN is a powerful technique, it has not shown its ability of direct-writing and patterning of nanostructures on surfaces of soft materials, for example biomacromolecules. Direct depositing on soft surfaces becomes possible with the introduction of a combined-dynamic mode DPN rather than mostly used contact mode DPN or tapping mode DPN. In this report, the combined dynamic mode DPN is used for direct depositing protein ink on DNA molecules at the nanometer scale.     

An updatable holographic three-dimensional display

Holographic three-dimensional (3D) displays provide realistic images without the need for special eyewear, making them valuable tools for applications that require situational awareness, such as medical, industrial and military imaging. Currently commercially available holographic 3D displays use photopolymers that lack image-updating capability, resulting in restricted use and high cost. Photorefractive polymers are dynamic holographic recording materials that allow updating of images and have a wide range of applications, including optical correlation, imaging through scattering media and optical communication. To be suitable for 3D displays, photorefractive polymers need to have nearly 100% diffraction efficiency, fast writing time, hours of image persistence, rapid erasure, and large area-a combination of properties that has not been shown before. Here, we report an updatable holographic 3D display based on photorefractive polymers with such properties, capable of recording and displaying new images every few minutes. This is the largest photorefractive 3D display to date (4 x 4 inches in size); it can be recorded within a few minutes, viewed for several hours without the need for refreshing, and can be completely erased and updated with new images when desired.     

一种全息体视图重现方法的研究

计算全息中采用基于衍射的光栅条纹生成方法,将视场分为连续的8个区域,每个区域由一个空间频率不同的基本条纹衍射生成,并利用规则照相机几何获取的空间透视体生成的对极平面图,用计算全息与图像处理技术产生一个全息立体图,实现简单景物具有3D视差效果体视重现。     

Ultrafast superheating and melting of bulk ice

The superheating of a solid to a temperature beyond its melting point, without the solid actually melting, is a well-known phenomenon. It occurs with many substances, particularly those that can readily be produced as high-quality crystals. In principle, ice should also be amenable to superheating. But the complex three-dimensional network of hydrogen bonds that holds water molecules together and gives rise to unusual solid and liquid properties strongly affects the melting behaviour of ice; in particular, ice usually contains many defects owing to the directionality of its hydrogen bonds. However, simulations are readily able to 'create' defect-free ice that can be superheated. Here we show that by exciting the OH stretching mode of water, it is possible to superheat ice. When using an ice sample at an initial temperature of 270 K, we observe an average temperature rise of 20 +/- 2 K that persists over the monitored time interval of 250 ps without melting.     

PSII核心复合物超快动力学研究

应用时间分辨荧光光谱技术，研究了高等植物光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）核心复合物中能量传递超快动力学。对实验测得的荧光衰减曲线，进行数据处理，解得荧光衰减的3个时间常数分别为3.9,20.4,930.5ps，各组分荧光占总荧光的百分比分别为1.0%,12.7%,86.3%。对由全局分析得以的荧光强度随波长变化曲线运用高斯多峰解叠运算，解得3个峰值波长分别为671.03,684.74,696.16nm。通过分析，给出了激发能在PSⅡ核心复合物中超快传递的动力学信息及相应的能级关系图。     

Evolution and stability of holographic soliton pairs

Previous works concerning the generation of spatial optical solitons using interference pattern[1―5] can be divided into two categories: First, the interference of two beams was used to generate a periodic spatial pat-tern and then the pattern is injecte…     

含有相互作用的高维全息暗能量

使用高维黑洞作为能量截断,可以将通常的全息暗能量模型推广为高维全息暗能量模型.研究以一种特定的相互作用形式与物质耦合的5维全息暗能量模型,并分别取哈勃视界和未来事件视界作为红外截断.与其他包含相互作用项的宇宙学模型不同,当取哈勃视界作为红外截断时,在此模型中宇宙可以避免进入一个大撕裂的未来;在取未来事件视界做红外截断时,发现约束宇宙演化的方程没有稳定的吸引子解.     

Ultrafast and direct imprint of nanostructures in silicon

The fabrication of micrometre- and nanometre-scale devices in silicon typically involves lithography and etching. These processes are costly and tend to be either limited in their resolution or slow in their throughput. Recent work has demonstrated the possibility of patterning substrates on the nanometre scale by 'imprinting' or directed self-assembly, although an etching step is still required to generate the final structures. We have devised and here demonstrate a rapid technique for patterning nanostructures in silicon that does not require etching. In our technique which -- we call 'laser-assisted direct imprint' (LADI) -- a single excimer laser pulse melts a thin surface layer of silicon, and a mould is embossed into the resulting liquid layer. A variety of structures with resolution better than 10 nm have been imprinted into silicon using LADI, and the embossing time is less than 250 ns. The high resolution and speed of LADI, which we attribute to molten silicon's low viscosity (one-third that of water), could open up a variety of applications and be extended to other materials and processing techniques.     

非晶硒化镉超快光电探测器瞬态响应

报道淀积条件对以非晶态硒化镉（ａ－ＣｄＳｅ）为光敏介质的超快光电探测器瞬态响应特性的影响．     

Ultrafast non-thermal control of magnetization by instantaneous photomagnetic pulses

The demand for ever-increasing density of information storage and speed of manipulation has triggered an intense search for ways to control the magnetization of a medium by means other than magnetic fields. Recent experiments on laser-induced demagnetization and spin reorientation use ultrafast lasers as a means to manipulate magnetization, accessing timescales of a picosecond or less. However, in all these cases the observed magnetic excitation is the result of optical absorption followed by a rapid temperature increase. This thermal origin of spin excitation considerably limits potential applications because the repetition frequency is limited by the cooling time. Here we demonstrate that circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses can be used to non-thermally excite and coherently control the spin dynamics in magnets by way of the inverse Faraday effect. Such a photomagnetic interaction is instantaneous and is limited in time by the pulse width (approximately 200 fs in our experiment). Our finding thus reveals an alternative mechanism of ultrafast coherent spin control, and offers prospects for applications of ultrafast lasers in magnetic devices.     

全息波带片迭加的莫尔规律及应用

研究波带片迭加的莫尔条纹规律,提出一种光学准直和定位的新方法,并对测量面内位移及离面位移的灵敏度做了讨论。     

桥梁全息性态特征提取方法试验研究

为了克服传统接触式位移测量仅能获取结构有限离散点的位移数据,难以准确、连续的表征整个结构几何变形的缺点。本文在统计学Normalized Cross Correlation分析的基础上提出一种无需在结构上布置任何靶点就能快速从结构振动视频中获取结构表面密集特征点位移响应的灰度值匹配算法。以试验室内超大跨自锚式悬索桥模型为研究对象,依次开展了小车行驶激励和单点激励两类试验,通过对同一视域内单目标和多目标追踪验证了本文算法的准确性、可行性和高效性,并提出匹配模板概念将基础算法做了进一步优化,进而缩短计算时间。试验结果表明：本文方法与传统接触式位移传感器获取结构动态位移响应的误差在5%以内,精度满足工程实践要求。本文算法可以在无靶点的情况下获取结构表面任意特征点的动态位移响应,且具有较高的精度、效率和可靠性,相对于有靶点非接触摄影测量和常规接触式位移测量,本文方法的可操作性和普适性更强,获取的数据更加全面。     

The notched filtering characteristics of stratified volume holographic grating

Utilizing the tool of beam propagation method (BPM) to calculate the zeroth order diffraction beam intensity, we find SVHG displays notched diffraction response as a function of the readout wavelength. Using the method of SA and considering the variance of refractive index as the readout wavelength changes, a practiced notch filter can be designed and the period of the filter is discussed. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69607005) Biography: LI Xiang-yang (1974-), male, Master candidate: Research direction: message optics.     

基于实时全息法的二维微结构制作实验研究

提出结合计算机实时显示技术和激光全息法设计新型的全息实验,用于大学物理实验教学。首先根据多光束干涉原理系统探讨了平行四边形晶格、矩形晶格、三角晶格和正方晶格等四类二维微结构的设计原则和相应的光束配置,进而利用Matlab编程对各类二维微结构进行了数值仿真,最后设计实验进行了验证,通过CMOS相机将激光全息干涉形成的微结构实时输入计算机进行分析和处理,成功获得了三角晶格和正方晶格微结构。本实验与全息照相实验具有很好的互补性,由于无需进行光刻胶的曝光、显影和定影,具有直观、方便、快速等优点,可大大降低实验成本;此外,本实验还具有良好的开放性,可进一步用于开展创新性实验探索。     

缓存磁盘技术在全息存储中的应用研究

对全息存储技术和缓存磁盘技术进行了简单的介绍，并对缓存磁盘技术在全息存储系统中的应用作了较为详细的探讨．     

新型光敏剂Corrole激发态动力学研究

通过采用稳态和飞秒荧光上转换的激光光谱技术,测量了三种新型光敏剂镓Corrole:F10-Ga、P-OHGa及P-P-Ga分别在非极性溶剂甲苯和极性溶剂乙醇中的吸收和发光过程。结果表明,苯环上的单羟基与吩噻嗪取代对镓Corrole的吸收和发光性能影响不明显。而三种镓Corrole在乙醇中的B带吸收峰都明显蓝移、荧光峰则明显红移、荧光量子产率减小,而且激发态弛豫过程S2→S1明显比在甲苯中慢。     

n型掺杂GaAs中电子与空穴的超快弛豫特性

研究了n型重掺杂GaAs中的光生电子与空穴的超快弛豫特性.在n型重掺杂情况下,由于费米面已进入导带之中,抑制了费米面附近光激发电子的弛豫过程对泵浦探测信号的贡献,而突出了空穴弛豫在饱和吸收谱中的地位.理论计算表明空穴通过吸收光声子在～300fs时间内达到与晶格热平衡,并由此所导出的材料光学形变势常数d0=31eV.计算值与实验测量结果相符合.     

Ultrafast generation of magnetic fields in a Schottky diode.

For the development of future magnetic data storage technologies, the ultrafast generation of local magnetic fields is essential. Subnanosecond excitation of the magnetic state has so far been achieved by launching current pulses into micro-coils and micro-striplines and by using high-energy electron beams. Local injection of a spin-polarized current through an all-metal junction has been proposed as an efficient method of switching magnetic elements, and experiments seem to confirm this. Spin injection has also been observed in hybrid ferromagnetic-semiconductor structures. Here we introduce a different scheme for the ultrafast generation of local magnetic fields in such a hybrid structure. The basis of our approach is to optically pump a Schottky diode with a focused, approximately 150-fs laser pulse. The laser pulse generates a current across the semiconductor-metal junction, which in turn gives rise to an in-plane magnetic field. This scheme combines the localization of current injection techniques with the speed of current generation at a Schottky barrier. Specific advantages include the ability to rapidly create local fields along any in-plane direction anywhere on the sample, the ability to scan the field over many magnetic elements and the ability to tune the magnitude of the field with the diode bias voltage.     

利用廉价硅酸盐为硅源合成微米级球形介孔二氧化硅

利用廉价的硅酸盐为二氧化硅前驱体,以非离子和阳离子表面活性剂为混合模板剂合成微米级的介孔二氧化硅,控制非离子和阳离子表面活性剂的量可以得到分散性较好的介孔二氧化硅球,并用SEM,XRD以及N2吸附-脱附,对所得介孔二氧化硅材料的宏观形貌和微观结构进行了表征。讨论了2种表面活性剂的比例对介孔二氧化硅形貌的影响,并用混合模板机理解释了球形介孔材料形成的原因。