镉在河南华溪蟹主要组织器官中的积累效应

研究了急性染毒条件下,镉(Cd2 )在河南华溪蟹(Sinopotamon henanense)主要组织器官中的积累效应.实验设对照组、3个Cd2 浓度组(14.5 mg/L、29 mg/L和58 mg/L)和3个时间段(1 d、3 d和5 d).活体解剖,取肝胰脏、鳃、卵巢和肌肉进行消化并测定Cd2 含量.结果表明,Cd2 的积累具有明显的组织差异性,积累量由高到低的顺序是:鳃＞肝胰腺＞肌肉＞卵巢.镉对蟹体的毒性作用具有一定的"浓度-效应"和"时间-效应"关系,即随着染毒镉浓度的升高,或处理时间的延长,Cd2 在组织器官中的积累也随之增加,呈现不同的变化趋势.     

六安市蔬菜地土壤及蔬菜重金属污染评价

对六安市5个主要蔬菜产区土壤和蔬菜中的重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cd)含量进行调查和分析测定,结果表明:蔬菜地土壤重金属的平均含量分别为Cu 15.86 mg.kg-1,Zn 43.61 mg.kg-1,Pb 56.37 mg.kg-1,Ni 54.17 mg.kg-1,Cd 0.355mg.kg-1。Ni和Cd分别超过国家环境二级标准的35.43%和18.33%,多数土壤已经受到了重金属Ni和Cd的轻度污染。蔬菜总体评价尚好,仅有部分出现超标现象,表现为叶菜类>根茎类>瓜果类。土壤和蔬菜中的Cd含量相关性显著。     

Hg2+、Cd2+及其联合胁迫对伊乐藻的生长及POD和SOD活性的影响

利用水族箱实验研究了伊乐藻的现存量以及POD和SOD活性在Hg2+、Cd2+及其联合胁迫下的响应特点.结果表明:Hg2+和Cd2+对伊乐藻的联合毒性大于单一的毒性;在Hg2+20μmol.L-1,或Cd2+80μmol.L-1,或Hg2++Cd2+50μmol.L-1([Hg2+]/[Cd2+]=1/4)时,植物现存量增加的百分比与金属离子浓度负相关;高于上述浓度时,植物现存量减少的速率明显降低.POD和SOD活性的变化趋势相似,在6 h时,其活性在低于40μmol.L-1的Hg2+、或160μmol.L-1的Cd2+、或50μmol.L-1的Hg2++Cd2+胁迫下逐步升高,而在72 h时,相应的胁迫浓度则降至10μmol.L-1、40~80μmol.L-1和25μmol.L-1.     

CdS_xSe_(1-x)合金结构、电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

用密度泛函理论究了闪锌矿型三元合金体系Cd SxSe1-x的晶体结构、电子结构和光学性质.计算了组分参数在0≤x≤1范围内Cd SxSe1-x的电子结构、态密度和带隙,计算结果表明Cd SxSe1-x为直接带隙半导体材料,其带隙随Se含量的增加而减小.分析了Cd SxSe1-x的复介电函数和吸收系数等光学性质随光子能量变化的关系,随Se元素含量增加,各光学特性曲线向低能方向移动.     

食用蓝藻螺旋藻和葛仙米中金属元素的分析

采用硝酸和高氯酸(4∶1)混合酸消化2种可食用蓝藻螺旋藻和葛仙米,原子吸收光谱法检测螺旋藻和葛仙米中的K、Na、Mg、Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn、Cr、Pb和Cd共11种金属元素含量。结果表明,2种蓝藻中矿质元素含量均较高,特别是Ca含量高达61 905.132mg·kg~(-1);而有害重金属Cr,Po和Cd含量均远低于国家规定标准,表明这2种食用蓝藻均无重金属富集或污染。本结果显示,螺旋藻和葛仙米是极好的天然富钙营养食品,可作为人体矿质元素和微量元素缺乏症的补给品.     

番茄对镉吸收累积的品种差异

以番茄为实验材料,研究了29个番茄品种在盆栽条件下对不同质量分数Cd污染的差异吸收和累积情况.结果表明:(1)29个番茄品种可食部位Cd质量分数存在显著品种差异(P0.01),1.2和2.0 mg·kg-1Cd处理下,番茄果实的Cd质量分数范围分别为0.037~0.134和0.079~0.170 mg·kg-1,其中2.0 mg·kg-1Cd条件下番茄果实Cd质量分数全部超标.(2)不同质量分数Cd处理对29种番茄品种果实、地上部和地下部分生物量没有显著影响.(3)根据可食部位Cd质量分数、Cd转运系数、番茄植株生物量指标评价表明台湾黄圣女、黄金一点红、台湾珍珠、新402、元明黄娇子、台湾红圣女等6个品种可作为番茄的Cd-PSCs.     

运用爪蟾变态实验检测镉的甲状腺激素干扰效应

将NF51阶段非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)蝌蚪暴露于Cd2+浓度为0.01,0.1和1mg.L-1的溶液中21d,观测Cd2+对爪蟾的生长、变态和甲状腺组织结构的影响.1mg.L-1Cd2+暴露组爪蟾蝌蚪与对照组相比,7d后,平均体重减少了0.39倍,体长和后肢长分别减少了0.17倍和0.27倍,发育阶段稍有延缓;21d后,1mg.L-1Cd2+暴露组爪蟾蝌蚪后肢长减小了0.11倍,延缓了1个发育阶段.其余各浓度组在7d和21d暴露后,体重、体长、后肢长和发育阶段与对照组无显著差异.21d后,Cd2+各浓度组甲状腺组织结构出现滤泡数目减少、胶质减少甚至空泡化等现象,1mg.L-1Cd2+暴露组甲状腺滤泡之间还出现溶通现象.结果表明CdCl2具有甲状腺激素干扰效应,并可能是由于该化合物直接作用于甲状腺组织引起.由此可见,爪蟾变态实验可以有效检测重金属盐的甲状腺激素干扰效应.     

潮褐土镉锌复合污染对小白菜生长的影响

采用盆栽的试验方法,运用正交设计,研究了潮褐土区域土壤重金属Cd、Zn复合污染对小白菜生长的影响.结果表明,重金属Cd单因素处理时,Cd的添加浓度在0～5mg·kg-1范围内时小白菜呈增产趋势,大于5mg·kg-1时呈减产趋势,浓度与产量极显著相关,相关系数为0.8804;潮褐土区域小白菜最大生长量时Cd添加浓度为1mg·kg-1.重金属Zn单因素处理时,Zn的添加浓度在0～760mg·kg-1范围内时小白菜呈增产趋势,大于760mg·kg-1时呈减产趋势,浓度与产量极显著相关,相关系数为0.9823;潮褐土区域小白菜最大生长量时Zn添加浓度为380mg·kg-1.随着Cd、Zn添加量的增大,小白菜吸收Cd、Zn的量呈极显著线性增大趋势.重金属Cd、Zn复合污染时,Zn对小白菜的产量影响极显著,Cd的影响不显著.Zn在低水平时与Cd对小白菜表现为协同增产作用;Zn在高水平时与Cd对小白菜表现为拮抗减产作用;添加Zn使小白菜对Cd的吸收和添加Cd使小白菜对Zn的吸收均表现出明显的抑制作用.     

烟丝中Pb、Cd的石墨炉原子吸收法测定

烟丝样品经烘干磨碎、用硝酸消化后直接上机测定,方法简便、快速、灵敏测定Pb、Cd的绝对灵敏度分别为2.67×10~(-11)g和2.72×10~(12)g,回收率分别为102%和103%.     

Cd掺杂对ZnO∶In薄膜光电性质的影响

采用射频磁控溅射技术在石英衬底上制备了不同Cd掺杂浓度的ZnO∶(In,Cd)薄膜,并研究了Cd掺杂浓度对薄膜光学和电学性质的影响。透射光谱测试发现,掺Cd对薄膜的透射率影响不大,都在80%以上,且随着Cd掺杂浓度的增加,薄膜的禁带宽度在3.253～3.148eV范围内减小。霍尔测试表明,Cd掺杂增强了薄膜的导电性,当Cd掺杂浓度为0at.%、2at.%和4at.%时,薄膜的电阻率分别为(2.68×10-1)、(1.30×10-1)和(6.83×10-2)Ω.cm。结合理论计算和光致发光谱分析认为,Cd掺入后ZnO的导带明显下移,这不仅导致ZnO∶(In,Cd)薄膜的带隙变窄,同时使施主杂质(Zni和InZn等)的电离能减小,从而增强了薄膜的导电性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the