新型磁力仪展望

对磁力仪未来发展进行了展望。重点介绍了:1.光泵磁力仪及其光源和共振元素的选择与设计2.超导技术的进步推动了超导量子干涉磁力仪的发展3.对处于研究、探索阶段的原子磁力仪进行了关注。     

试析海洋磁力仪的应用

目前来说,磁力仪分为质子旋进式与光泵式两种基本类型,本文就围绕着质子旋进式与光泵式两种海洋磁力仪对其应用展开了探讨,并且对质子旋进式海洋磁力的一个发展分支——Sea Spy磁力仪的原理及应用进行了介绍,最后,对海洋磁力仪的其他应用做了简要概述。     

光磁共振中光抽运的原理及对共振现象的影响

使用传统的磁共振实验方法观测气体原子的磁共振信号是很困难的 ,因而目前采用光抽运方法和光探测法对磁共振信号进行检测 ,从而提高了测量的灵敏度 ,但是测试中出现的光抽运信号对实验的现象有干扰。介绍和分析光抽运的原理及其对光磁共振实验中扫场法的影响 ,并提出判别这种影响的方法。     

利用光泵磁共振测芜湖地区的地磁场

光泵磁共振是利用光抽运效应来研究原子超精细结构塞曼能级间的磁共振．根据光磁共振原理,利用光泵磁共振实验对共振信号进行检测,观测水平磁场和垂直磁场对共振信号的影响．分别通过两种方法测量出地磁场的水平分量和垂直分量,进而将二者合成,得出芜湖地区地磁场强度大小．     

光泵磁共振实验中测量gF值多种方法的探讨

光泵磁共振法是用光抽运方法和光探测法对弱磁场信号进行检测.恒定水平磁场换向测gF蜀,恒定频率换向测gF值,以及由最小二乘法求出直线的斜率计算gF值.阐述了前2种方法下如何区分87Rb和85Rb共振谱线.3种方法测量gF其结果是一致.     

光泵磁共振原理的图象阐释

不镣磁共振是利用光抽运效应来研究原子超业细结构塞曼能级间的磁共振，它是近代物理实验中一个基本而重要的实验，本文从以器的相关图象出发，阐释光抽支原理及光磁共振原理，使学生不但能清楚理解光抽运、光磁共振的微观物理过程，且对光泵磁光共振原理达到系统全面的理解。     

光泵磁共振实验中测量gF值多种方法的探讨

光泵磁共振法是用光抽运方法和光探测法对弱磁场信号进行检测。恒定水平磁场换向测gF值,恒定频率换向测gF值,以及由最小二乘法求出直线的斜率计算gF值。阐述了前2种方法下如何区分。87Rb和85Rb出共振谱线。3种方法测量gF值其结果是一致。     

光泵磁共振实验中测量g_F值多种方法的探讨

光泵磁共振法是用光抽运方法和光探测法对弱磁场信号进行检测。恒定水平磁场换向测gF值,恒定频率换向测gF值,以及由最小二乘法求出直线的斜率计算gF值。阐述了前2种方法下如何区分87Rb和85Rb共振谱线。3种方法测量gF值其结果是一致。     

基于动态光散射法测量量子点粒径的实验方法

动态光散射技术是进行纳米及亚微米颗粒粒径测量的一种有效方法.通过对量子点特性和动态光散射系统的分析,提出了一种基于动态光散射测量量子点粒径的实验方法,构建实验装置并进行测量与分析.通过CONTIN算法反演量子点粒径,并与电子显微镜和粒径公式得到的粒径数据进行比较,证明动态光散射法是测量量子点粒径的一种有效的方法,为量子点光学特性的快速分析提供了一种新的途径.     

光泵磁共振实验中关键问题的分析与对策

基于光泵磁共振实验中产生光抽运信号和磁共振信号的条件分析,阐述了实验系统调整的依据和方法,讨论了测量g因子过程中容易出现的问题,给出了具体的解决方案。     

Optimizing ultrasensitive single electron magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

The measurement of the weak magnetic field in nanoscale resolution and at room temperature is always a significant topic in biological, physical, and material science. Such detection can be used to decide the characterization of the samples, such as cells, materials, and so on. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been proved to be able to detect a magnetic field with nano Tesla sensitivity and nanometer resolution at room temperature. Here we experimentally demonstrate an optimized NV center based single electron magnetometer in a commercial diamond and under a home-built optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) microscope. With current technology, we change the optically detected time window to get a better signal to noise ratio, and use dynamical decoupling to increase the slope of magnetic field amplitude versus fluorescence signal. By employing the 8-pulse XY-4 dynamical decoupling sequence we achieve a sensitivity of 18.9 nT (Hz)(1/2) , which is 1.7 times better than spin echo. We also propose a NV center based scanning diamond microscope for electron and nuclear spins detection as well as nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging. If it is realized, the NV center based magnetometry will have wide application in the future.     

激光与微波功率对金刚石NV色心磁强计ESR谱线的影响研究

金刚石氮空穴色心磁强计广泛采用连续波光探测磁共振脉冲进行磁测,其灵敏度指标主要受到激光功率和微波功率影响.基于金刚石氮空穴色心系综搭建了一套共聚焦磁场检测系统,调节激光功率和微波功率测量相应的电子自旋共振谱的谱线半高宽和谱线对比度.实验表明,谱线半高宽主要受到微波功率影响,谱线对比度同时受到微波功率和激光功率影响;保持微波功率不变提高激光功率,观测到了明显的谱线半高宽变窄.系统的最优参数可分两步获得,首先调整微波功率获得较好谱线半高宽,再提高激光功率获得更好的对比度和谱线半高宽.      

一种可用于压缩态光场弱信号探测的放大电路

根据基于基尔霍夫电流定律的平衡零拍探测原理,设计了一种新的测试方法,在测试过程中脱离以往复杂光路的搭建以及实验环境的高要求,直接对平衡零拍探测中所需的量子噪声光电流信号进行放大测试,并且可以判断出对微弱的量子噪声电流信号的放大效果.另外,在测试过程中,该放大电路具有高灵敏度性和高增益性,能够对微弱的量子噪声很好地进行放大.测试结果表明,该种测试方法能够很简捷地测试出放大后的量子噪声.     

Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient conditions

Magnetic resonance imaging and optical microscopy are key technologies in the life sciences. For microbiological studies, especially of the inner workings of single cells, optical microscopy is normally used because it easily achieves resolution close to the optical wavelength. But in conventional microscopy, diffraction limits the resolution to about half the wavelength. Recently, it was shown that this limit can be partly overcome by nonlinear imaging techniques, but there is still a barrier to reaching the molecular scale. In contrast, in magnetic resonance imaging the spatial resolution is not determined by diffraction; rather, it is limited by magnetic field sensitivity, and so can in principle go well below the optical wavelength. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging has recently been improved enough to image single cells, and magnetic resonance force microscopy has succeeded in detecting single electrons and small nuclear spin ensembles. However, this technique currently requires cryogenic temperatures, which limit most potential biological applications. Alternatively, single-electron spin states can be detected optically, even at room temperature in some systems. Here we show how magneto-optical spin detection can be used to determine the location of a spin associated with a single nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond with nanometre resolution under ambient conditions. By placing these nitrogen-vacancy spins in functionalized diamond nanocrystals, biologically specific magnetofluorescent spin markers can be produced. Significantly, we show that this nanometre-scale resolution can be achieved without any probes located closer than typical cell dimensions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of a single diamond spin as a scanning probe magnetometer to map nanoscale magnetic field variations. The potential impact of single-spin imaging at room temperature is far-reaching. It could lead to the capability to probe biologically relevant spins in living cells.     

A subfemtotesla multichannel atomic magnetometer

The magnetic field is one of the most fundamental and ubiquitous physical observables, carrying information about all electromagnetic phenomena. For the past 30 years, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) operating at 4 K have been unchallenged as ultrahigh-sensitivity magnetic field detectors, with a sensitivity reaching down to 1 fT Hz(-1/2) (1 fT = 10(-15) T). They have enabled, for example, mapping of the magnetic fields produced by the brain, and localization of the underlying electrical activity (magnetoencephalography). Atomic magnetometers, based on detection of Larmor spin precession of optically pumped atoms, have approached similar levels of sensitivity using large measurement volumes, but have much lower sensitivity in the more compact designs required for magnetic imaging applications. Higher sensitivity and spatial resolution combined with non-cryogenic operation of atomic magnetometers would enable new applications, including the possibility of mapping non-invasively the cortical modules in the brain. Here we describe a new spin-exchange relaxation-free (SERF) atomic magnetometer, and demonstrate magnetic field sensitivity of 0.54 fT Hz(-1/2) with a measurement volume of only 0.3 cm3. Theoretical analysis shows that fundamental sensitivity limits of this device are below 0.01 fT Hz(-1/2). We also demonstrate simple multichannel operation of the magnetometer, and localization of magnetic field sources with a resolution of 2 mm.     

光泵磁共振实验中测gF值的不同方法

利用光泵磁共振法对弱磁场信号进行检测.使施加的水平恒定磁场换向准确测gF值,以及用最小二乘法求实验数据的拟合直线,再由直线的斜率计算gF值.本文对两种方法进行了分析和比较.     

Efficient quantum computing using coherent photon conversion

Single photons are excellent quantum information carriers: they were used in the earliest demonstrations of entanglement and in the production of the highest-quality entanglement reported so far. However, current schemes for preparing, processing and measuring them are inefficient. For example, down-conversion provides heralded, but randomly timed, single photons, and linear optics gates are inherently probabilistic. Here we introduce a deterministic process--coherent photon conversion (CPC)--that provides a new way to generate and process complex, multiquanta states for photonic quantum information applications. The technique uses classically pumped nonlinearities to induce coherent oscillations between orthogonal states of multiple quantum excitations. One example of CPC, based on a pumped four-wave-mixing interaction, is shown to yield a single, versatile process that provides a full set of photonic quantum processing tools. This set satisfies the DiVincenzo criteria for a scalable quantum computing architecture, including deterministic multiqubit entanglement gates (based on a novel form of photon-photon interaction), high-quality heralded single- and multiphoton states free from higher-order imperfections, and robust, high-efficiency detection. It can also be used to produce heralded multiphoton entanglement, create optically switchable quantum circuits and implement an improved form of down-conversion with reduced higher-order effects. Such tools are valuable building blocks for many quantum-enabled technologies. Finally, using photonic crystal fibres we experimentally demonstrate quantum correlations arising from a four-colour nonlinear process suitable for CPC and use these measurements to study the feasibility of reaching the deterministic regime with current technology. Our scheme, which is based on interacting bosonic fields, is not restricted to optical systems but could also be implemented in optomechanical, electromechanical and superconducting systems with extremely strong intrinsic nonlinearities. Furthermore, exploiting higher-order nonlinearities with multiple pump fields yields a mechanism for multiparty mediation of the complex, coherent dynamics.     

量子棒中磁极化子的回旋共振特性和光学声子平均数

基于Huybrechts线性组合算符法,采用Lee—Low-Pines幺正变换和变分技术研究了磁场中量子棒内抛物限制势下电子一体纵光学声子强耦合磁极化子基态的回旋共振特性,推导出磁极化子回旋共振频率和光学声子平均数与磁场的回旋频率、电子一声子耦合强度、量子棒的纵横比和受限强度的变化规律。数值结果表明：磁极化子的光学声子...     

含噪相干态信号的量子最优检测

在光频率级别的通信中,量子效应成为显著通信差错的来源,一种代替经典检测的手段是正交投影测量.文中基于二进制相干态信号,在考虑热噪声场的情形下,给出了在热噪声场背景下的二进制相干态信号的量子最优检测.最后的数值结果给出了OOK（On-Off Keying）调制和BPSK（Binary-Phase-Shift-Keyed）调制下量子检测的差错概率,验证了量子最优检测在热噪声场背景下的性能优势.