Preliminary study on the orbit cross-calibration of CMODIS by Sea WiFS

China launched its third spaceship SZ-3 in March, 2002 on which the main remote sensor is the Chinese moderate imaging spectra radiometer (CMODIS). In this paper the properties of CMODIS are firstly introduced briefly. Then, the theory and algorithm of cross-calibration for CMODIS ocean color channels by the sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) data are discussed in detail. The total radiance (TOA) of four quasi-synchronized crossing ocean areas simulated by SeaWiFS and measured by CMODIS are compared and the calibration coefficients are derived from the relationship between them. Finally, the in-situ water leaving radiance data are used to validate the calibration results. The results show that the cross-calibration method could provide reasonable precision for ocean color measurement.     

Cooperative Sensor Anomaly Detection Using Global Information

Sensor networks are deployed in many application areas nowadays ranging from environment monitoring, industrial monitoring, and agriculture monitoring to military battlefield sensing. The accuracy of sensor readings is without a doubt one of the most important measures to evaluate the quality of a sensor and its network. Therefore, this work is motivated to propose approaches that can detect and repair erroneous (i.e., dirty) data caused by inevitable system problems involving various hardware and software components of sensor networks. As information about a single event of interest in a sensor network is usually reflected in multiple measurement points, the inconsistency among multiple sensor measurements serves as an indicator for data quality problem. The focus of this paper is thus to study methods that can effectively detect and identify erroneous data among inconsistent observations based on the inherent structure of various sensor measurement series from a group of sensors. Particularly, we present three models to characterize the inherent data structures among sensor measurement traces and then apply these models individually to guide the error detection of a sensor network. First, we propose a multivariate Gaussian model which explores the correlated data changes of a group of sensors. Second, we present a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model which captures the sparse geometric relationship among sensors in a network. The PCA model is motivated by the fact that not all sensor networks have clustered sensor deployment and clear data correlation structure. Further, if the sensor data show non-linear characteristic, a traditional PCA model can not capture the data attributes properly. Therefore, we propose a third model which utilizes kernel functions to map the original data into a high dimensional feature space and then apply PCA model on the mapped linearized data. All these three models serve the purpose of capturing the underlying phenomenon of a sensor network from its global view, and then guide the error detection to discover any anomaly observations. We conducted simulations for each of the proposed models, and evaluated the performance by deriving the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.     

Principle and Realization Method of Tunnel Deformation Detection Based on Image Recognition and Data Transmission Technology

<正>To detect the deformation of the tunnel structure based on image sensor networks is the advanced study and application of spatial sensor technology.For the vertical settlement of metro tunnel caused by internal and external stress after its long period operation,the overall scheme and measuring principle of tunnel deformation detection system is introduced. The image data acquisition and processing of detection target are achieved by the cooperative work of image sensor,ARM embedded system.RS485 communication achieves the data transmission between ARM memory and host computer.The database system in station platform analyses the detection data and obtains the deformation state of tunnel inner wall,which makes it possible to early-warn the tunnel deformation and take preventive measures in time.     

Joint UAV 3D deployment and sensor power allocation for energy-efficient and secure data collection

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are advantageous for data collection in wireless sensor networks(WSNs) due to its low cost of use,flexible deployment,controllable mobility,etc. However,how to cope with the inherent issues of energy limitation and data security in the WSNs is challenging in such an application paradigm. To this end,based on the framework of physical layer security,an optimization problem for maximizing secrecy energy efficiency(EE) of data collection is formulated,which focuses on...     

LoColms： an innovative approach of enhancing traditional classroom form of education by promoting web-based distance learning in the poorer countries

There have been numerous attempts recently to promote technology based education (Shrestha, 1997) in the poorer third world countries, but so far all these have not provided a sustainable solution as they are either centered and controlled from abroad and relying solely on foreign donors for their sustenance or they are not web-based, which make distribution problematic, and some are not affordable by most of the local population in these places. In this paper we discuss an application, the Local College Learning Management System (LoColms) , which we are developing, that is both sustainable and economical to suit the situation inthese countries. The application is a web-based system, and aims at improving the traditional form of education by empowering the local universities. Its economicability comes from the fact that it is supported by traditional communication technology, the public switching telephone network system, PSTN, which eliminates the need for packet switched or dedicated private virtual networks (PVN) usually required in similar situations. At a later stage, we shall incorporate ontology and paging tools to improve resource sharability and storage optimization in the Proxy Caches (ProCa) and LoColms servers. The system is based on the client/server paradigm and its infrastructure consists of the PSTN, ProCa, with the learning centers accessing the universities by means of point-to-point protocol (PPP) .     

PNA（T）.DNA（AT） triplexes with Hoogsteen base pairing are more favorable

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are nucleic acid analogs with the deoxyribose phosphate backbone replaced by pseudo-peplide polymers to which the nucleobases are linked. The achiral, uncharged and rather flexible properties of the peplide backbone permit peptide nucleic acids more potential than oligonucleolides in application to antisence and antigenic reagents. The process of PNA binding to DNA duplex and forming triplex is the first step of PNA interacting with PNA. But there are no PNA.2DNA triplex crystal data up to date and little has been reported on the structure features and the force of the PNA.2DNA triplex. In this work, PNA(T).DNA(AT) triplexes are successfully built and the structures and forces to stabilize the triplex after optimizations and molecule dynamics are systematically examined, which are expected to aid in the application of PNAs as anticerise and antigene agents.     

Simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of typical GLI ocean image

ADEOS-II satellite will be launched in the near future. It collocates many remote sensing instruments in the same platform. Among them, Global Image (GLI) is considered to be a main sensor which will play a key role. In order to understand the characteristics of future GLI ocean color images, a simulation and evaluation of the quality and availability of GLI typical ocean image has been done. In the paper, we first introduce the simulation models briefly, and simulate typical cases of radiance images at visible channels, in which the radiance distribution is based on geographic location, the satellite orbital parameters and sensor properties. A method, complex signal noise ratio (CSNR) to evaluate the image quality and availability, is developed according to the characteristics of image. Meanwhile, a series of CSNR images are generated from the simulated radiance components for different cases, which can be used to evaluate the quality and availability of GLI images before the ADEOS-II is placed in orbit. Finally, the quality and availability of GLI images are quantitatively analyzed by the simulated CSNR data. The results will be beneficial to the people who are in charge of GLI mission or plan to use the data from GLI.     

Avoiding obstacles by using a proximity infrared sensor skin

Placement and wiring of vast amount of sensor elements on the 3-dimensionally configured robot surface to form soft sensor skin is very difficult with the traditional technology. In this paper we propose a new method to realize such a skin. By implanting infrared sensors array in an elastic body, we obtain an elastic and tough sensor skin that can be shaped freely. The developed sensor skin is a large-area, flexible array of infrared sensors with data processing capabilities. Depending on the skin electronics, it endows its carrier with an ability to sense its surroundings. The structure, the method of infrared sensor signal processing, and basic experiments of sensor skin are presented. The validity of the infrared sensor skin is investigated by preliminary obstacle avoidance trial.     

Fault Tolerant Data Aggregation Scheduling with Local Information in Wireless Sensor Networks

We study the problem of efficient data aggregation in unreliable wireless sensor networks by designing a fault tolerant data aggregation protocol.A fault tolerant data aggregation protocol consists of two parts:basic aggregation scheduling and amendment strategies.On default,data is aggregated according to the basic aggregation scheduling strategy.The amendment strategy will start automatically when a middle sensor node is out of service.We focus our attention on the amendment strategies and assume that the network adopts a connected dominating set (CDS) based aggregation scheduling as its basic aggregation scheduling strategy.The amendment scheme includes localized aggregation tree repairing algorithms and distributed rescheduling algorithms.The former are used to find a new aggregation tree for every child of the corrupted node,whereas the latter are used to achieve interference free data aggregation scheduling after the amendment.These amendment strategies impact only a very limited number of nodes near the corrupted node and the amendment process is transparent to all the other nodes.Theoretical analyses and simulations show that the scheme greatly improves the efficiency of the data aggregation operation by reducing both message and time costs compared to rebuilding the aggregation tree and rescheduling the entire network.     

Integrating genetic algorithm method with neural network for land use classification using SZ- 3 CMODIS data

This paper presents a methodology on land use mapping using CMODIS (Chinese Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data on-board SZ-3 (Shenzhou 3) spacecraft. The integrated method is composed of genetic algorithm (GA) for feature extraction and neural network classifier for land use classification. In the data preprocessing, a moment matching method was adopted to remove the stripes in the images. Then by using the reproduction, crossover and mutation operators of GA based on the mechanism of “natural selection”, and with Jeffries-Matusita distance as its discriminate rule and the training samples, the optimal band combination for land use classification was obtained. To generate a land use map, the three layers back propagation neural network classifier is used for training the samples and classification. Compared with the Maximum Likelihood classification algorithm, the results show that the accuracy of land use classification is obviously improved by using our proposed method, the selected band number in the classification process is reduced, and the computational performance for training and classification is improved. The result also shows that the CMODIS data can be effectively used for land use/land cover classification and change monitoring at regional and global scale.     

Preliminary study on the orbit cross-calibration of CMODIS by SeaWiFS

MostareasofChinaSeasbelongtocase 2water ,andthealgorithmbasedontheratioofgreentoblueisnotsuitabletothoseareas[1] becausetwoormoresubstanceswithdifferentopticalpropertiesarepre sentedwhichdonotco varywithchlorophyllacon centration .Thesemightbewaterwithexceptionalplanktonblooms (suchasredtides) ,discoloredbyretainedandorganicsuspendedmaterialsandthedis solvedorganismmaterial (DOM ) ,suchasacids .Itis,therefore ,essentialtodevelopmorechannelswithmoresensitivesensorsforChinesecoastalwaterdetec …     

SZ-8飞船用蛋白质结晶装置的研制

空间的微重力环境有助于改善蛋白质晶体的生长质量。为解析高分辨率的蛋白质分子结构和进一步的理性药物设计提供帮助。为利用德国提供的空间生物培养箱在我国的SZ—8飞船上实施空间蛋白质结晶实验,研制了新型实验装置。新装置具有120个结晶室单元,重0.11 kg,体积10-4m3,单个结晶室蛋白液用量可少至1μL。对汽相扩散和液-液扩散蛋白质结晶方法通用,而且不需要电力供应,没有运动部件。经火箭发射和飞船返回的力学环境模拟测试以及实际结晶实验验证,表明装置安全可靠,满足使用需求。     

基于海洋动物载体的传感器监测技术现状及发展方向

海洋水下监测技术是建立海洋环境立体实时监测系统的重要组成部分,是各国海洋科学和海洋军事领域的研究热点。本文综述了海洋动物作为海洋传感器载体在海洋监测中的应用,以及海洋生物标签技术与海洋监测传感器技术的发展过程,对基于海洋动物的水下移动监测平台及其未来在海洋环境、海洋资源和海洋军事领域的潜在应用价值进行了展望,指出构建我国海洋动物传感器技术体系的关键问题在于新型传感器的研制及其在海洋动物中的应用研究。     

我国海洋生物废弃物药用研究现状与策略

《神农本草经》《本草纲目》均有以海洋生物废弃物作中药应用的记载,用药历史悠久,现代研究同样证实海洋生物废弃物中药营养价值丰富,有巨大的药用潜力.加之我国海洋生物物种繁多,每年产生的海洋生物废弃物数量庞大,不利于海洋环境保护,因此,可采用现代科技有效利用海洋生物废弃物,发挥其药用价值.本文综述《神农本草经》《本草纲目》中...     

一种自确认软测量方法的研究与应用

软测量技术在过程工业中得到了广泛应用于代替或部分代替仪表的功能进行监控。但是,长期困扰软测量应用的是其鲁棒性问题。因此,提出了新型的软测量模型即自确认软测量模型。利用主元分析对输入传感器数据进行了在线校验和故障重构,不仅能确保了输入传感器(辅助变量传感器)数据的可靠性。同时,利用一定的状态参数来指示当前输入传感器的状态。此外,通过输出方差和归纳区间估计两种方法对软测量输出的不确定性进行了描述。模型的输出将不是单个预测值的输出,而是同时输出五种信息:带概率区间的输出、模型的状态(故障状态,重构状态和迷失状态等等)、不确定性、故障信息和校验输出值,并对发生故障的输入传感器进行数据重构和修复以达到模型自校验和自诊断的目的。所提出方法在污水处理过程中得到了有效应用。     

石英谐振式力传感器的温度特性及其自补偿

石英谐振式力传感器的温度特性是实际应用中一个需重点考虑的性能参数。本文通过分析石英晶体谐振器在基频谐振与三次谐波振动下所表现出的不同频率——温度特性，对石英谐振式力传感器的相应温度特性进行了分析研究，并提出了传感器温度特性的自补偿方法。实验结果表明，同时测量同一传感器在不同振动模式下的频率，可在一定精度上实现传感器工作温度的自测，从而可在不另增加测温元件的条件下实现传感器温度特性的补偿。     

三维飞船绕流问题的高精度迎风紧致差分格式

从迎风紧致逼近出发,给出了一个求解三维可压Navier-Stokes方程的一种高精度的数值方法,利用Steger-Warming的通量分裂技术将守恒型方程中的流通向量分裂成2部分,在此基础上据风向构造逼近于无粘项的三阶迎风紧致有限差分格式,对方程中的粘性部分采用通常的二阶差分逼近,所建立的差分格式被用来数值求解了三维飞船绕流问题。     

多源航天光学影像的定位模型

针对星历和有理多项式系数(Rational Polynomial Coefficients,RPC)两种主要类型辅助数据的多源光学卫星影像,以地固地心直角坐标系(Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed,ECEF)作为统一的物方坐标系,在其中构建了有理函数和共线方程,对各类常见影像的辅助数据给出了相应的转换方法,进而以联合平差的方式建立了一种光学卫星影像定位的混合/集成模型,并对4种传感器影像进行了试验验证.建立的模型考虑了影像定向参数和传感器定标参数的差异,对不同航天光学影像的独立或联合定位有较广的适应性.