Mitotic EBNA-positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood during infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is usually a benign lymphoproliferative disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Although EBV induces a state of continuous proliferation in infected B lymphocytes in vitro, the most prominent lymphoproliferation during IM is of activated, or atypical, T lymphocytes presumably responding to the virus or virus-infected cells. However, EBV genome-carrying cells are known to be circulating during IM, as cultured peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with the disease give rise to continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines, each cell of which contains the EBV genome and expresses the EBV determined nuclear antigen (EBNA). The proposal that EBV-infected cells in IM blood are not endowed with enhanced growth potential but are merely latently infected is supported by demonstrations that cells infected in vivo enter a viral replicative cycle when placed in vitro and that most cell lines derived from cultured lymphocytes of IM patients are infected by virus released in vitro. However the cells could also be capable of proliferation in vivo, since virus production and transformation are not mutually exclusive properties of EBV-transformed cells. Recently, EBNA has been detected in a very small fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes of IM patients after T cells were first removed and this has been interpreted to indicate that cell transformation occurs in vivo during IM. The isolation of colonies of EBNA-positive cells from IM blood leukocytes cultures in soft agar suggests that at least some infected cells are capable of direct outgrowth into transformed cells. We report here direct evidence that circulating EBV-infected cells exhibit increased growth properties during IM.     

Two forms of the T-cell receptor gamma protein found on peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocytes

The T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma polypeptide is expressed associated with CD3 (T3) on the surface of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These cells function as non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)and thus may play an important role in host immune defence. The TCR gamma polypeptide occurs as a dimer in at least two molecular forms based on the absence or presence of disulphide linkage. These forms use TCR gamma polypeptides with strikingly different peptide backbone sizes.     

交通相关PM2.5对人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

为探讨交通相关PM2.5对人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的诱导作用及可能机制,为交通相关PM2.5的免疫毒性提供实验依据,采用0、50、100、200μg/mL PM2.5对人外周血淋巴细胞进行24 h和48 h染毒,FITC-AnnexinV/PI染色,流式细胞仪检测淋巴细胞早期凋亡和坏死;采用0、20、80、320μg/mL PM2.5浓度分别染毒人外周血淋巴细胞24、48、72 h,Western blot法测定细胞内含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸特异蛋白水解酶3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3,Caspase-3)和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein,CREB)蛋白表达水平,ELISA法检测细胞内环磷酸腺苷(cyclic adenosine monophos-phate,cAMP)含量.结果表明,50、100、200μg/mL PM2.5染毒细胞24 h和48 h后,淋巴细胞早期凋亡和坏死均高于生理盐水组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且具有一定的剂量-效应关系;20、80、320μg/mL PM2.5染毒细胞24、48、72 h后,各剂量组Caspase-3蛋白表达水平均高于对照组,除80μg/mL PM2.5染毒72 h外,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01).320μg/mL PM2.5染毒细胞24、48、72 h后,细胞内cAMP含量均比生理盐水组升高(P<0.05).PM2.5染毒72 h后,CREB表达水平随PM2.5浓度的升高而降低(P<0.01).可见,交通相关PM2.5可诱导人外周血淋巴细胞产生凋亡,且细胞内cAMP和CREB参与了凋亡的调控.     

化归思想在解题中的作用

化归是解决数学问题的重要策略和思维方式．从5个方面(化陌生为熟悉、化复杂为简单、化隐蔽为明显、化未知为已知、化正向为反向)，通过例子的分析，说明化归思想在解题中的作用．     

Induction of self-tolerance in mature peripheral B lymphocytes

In transgenic mice, mature peripheral B lymphocytes in lymphoid follicles, like immature B cells, are rendered tolerant by encounter with self-antigen, provided receptor occupancy by self-antigen exceeds a critical threshold. The tolerant state of the B cell is closely correlated with down-regulation of membrane IgM but not IgD antigen-receptors. Identical changes in antigen-receptor expression occur in a subset of follicular B cells in nontransgenic mice, suggesting that clonally silenced self-reactive cells are common in the peripheral B-cell repertoire.     

农杆菌介导的八氢番茄红素合酶基因转入人参愈伤组织影响因素

以PSY为目的基因,应用根癌农杆菌介导法对人参愈伤组织进行遗传转化,从菌液浓度、侵染胞龄、侵染时间、共培养时间四方面优化了遗传转化体系。经PCR分析鉴定初步证明,外源基因PSY已整合到人参的基因组中。     

微生物发酵转化黄芩苷生成黄芩素的研究

葡萄糖醛酸酶的菌株HQ10,能够以黄芩为底物,通过发酵将黄芩中的黄芩苷转化为黄芩素. 通过对发酵条件进行优化,黄芩苷转化率近于92%. 发酵产物经TLC、HPLC、质谱等方法检测确定为黄芩素.     

Insight into the change in carbon structure and thermodynamics during anthracite transformation into graphite

The thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms of Taixi anthracite during its graphitization process were explored. To understand the variation trends of carbon arrangement order, microcrystal size, and graphitization degree against temperature during the graphitization process, a series of experiments were performed using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction(XRD). Subsequently, the influencing factors of the dominant reaction at different temperatures were analyzed using thermodynamics and kinetics. The results showed that the graphitization process of Taixi anthracite can be divided into three stages from the perspective of reaction thermodynamics and kinetics. Temperature played a crucial role in the formation and growth of a graphitic structure. Meanwhile, multivariate mechanisms coexisted in the graphitization process. At ultrahigh temperatures, the defects of synthetic graphite could not be completely eliminated and perfect graphite crystals could not be produced. At low temperatures, the reaction is mainly controlled by dynamics, while at high temperatures, thermodynamics dominates the direction of the reaction.