基于邻近原则的BitTorrent实验研究

BitTorrent（BT）是一种基于P2P的文件共享软件,有着十分广泛的应用.在BT中,默认参与节点随机选择其它节点作为网络中的邻居构成覆盖网络,不能根据节点的位置优化覆盖网络,影响了BT中文件传输的性能.BT的有偏邻居选择,指的是BT Tracker参照BT Client在互联网中的位置,向BT有针对性地提供相应的邻居,优化BT的覆盖网络,使得BT的文件传输效率得到提高.本文提出了一种基于邻近原则优化BT文件传输速率的机制.首先利用网络坐标对BT网络参与节点在互联网中的位置进行计算；之后,根据网络坐标,对于BT参与节点的邻居进行了有偏选择；BT参与节点经过分布式聚类得到基于邻近原则的覆盖网络.仿真实验显示,基于网络坐标的有偏邻居选择对于BT整体文件传输性能有较大的提升.     

基于网络坐标的BitTorrent Multi-Tracker机制

针对BitTorrent(BT)的Multi-Tracker机制中,下载节点对Tracker服务器的随机选择策略影响了文件传输性能的问题。该文引入了网络坐标技术,提出了一种基于网络坐标的Multi-Tracker机制(mTracker)。在这种机制下,下载节点将通过网络坐标的计算选择与自己邻近的Tracker服务器进行连接,并且通过Tracker得到邻近的邻居。这种改进优化了整个BT的覆盖网络。仿真实验表明:基于网络坐标的Multi-Tracker机制使得BT的覆盖网络更有效率,有效降低了BT下载中用于下载节点与Tracker间通信以及节点之间数据传输的开销。     

BT网络中基于邻居下载节点的搭便车行为检测研究

由于节点搭便车行为的存在严重地影响了BT网络的QoS,为此,本文提出了一种基于邻居下载节点的搭便车行为检测策略。首先,定义了影响BT网络QoS的属性约束集,即节点在网络中的属性约束集和节点自身的硬件属性约束集;其次,为了保护BT网络中的种子节点,以QoS约束集中的种子比例的属性为基础,采用优先向非种子邻居节点请求下载的方式,提出了基于邻居下载节点的检测算法DANDN(Detection Algorithm based on Neighbor Downloading Nodes)算法,并通过定义效用值给出了邻居节点的选择依据。最后,利用PeerSim仿真平台,验证了QoS约束集中每个属性对整个BT网络QoS的影响程度以及DANDN算法的有效性。     

无线传感器网络中的分布式节点定位方法

提出一种基于流形学习的分布式Hessian局部线性嵌入（DHLLE）定位方法,给出了基于流形学习算法的定位框架.DHLLE方法采用同情最邻近算法来选择节点邻居列表,并应用Hessian局部线性嵌入（HLLE）算法获取传感器网络节点的局部映射,再通过对局部映射合并获得所有节点的全局映射,最后通过对参考节点进行坐标匹配以取得所有节点的全局坐标.仿真结果表明,DHLLE方法能够快速、准确地对节点进行定位,且复杂度低,节点能耗小,其性能超过了分布式加权多维定标等算法.     

ZigBee网络中基于节点移动性的路由选择策略

为了提高ZigBee网络的路由效率,降低节点能耗,提出一种基于节点移动性的路由选择策略.ZigBee网络同时支持基于地址分配的分层路由和基于路由请求的路由方法.该策略根据网络中节点移动性的变化,自适应选择路由方法.节点通过自身邻居参数改变识别位置变化,避免了网络中额外的数据传输流量.经仿真测试,相对于原有的单一方法路由方案,基于节点移动性的路由选择策略具有更高的路由效率,提升了ZigBee网络的路由性能.     

对抗P2P蠕虫的邻居选择机制

P2P网络中节点的邻居列表为蠕虫提供了快速传播的途径．网络中节点系统的漏洞情况各异,致使它们抵抗蠕虫的能力不同．无结构P2P网络中节点的位置影响着蠕虫围堵策略的效果,甚至影响整个网络的安全．为了对抗P2P蠕虫,在区分漏洞级别的基础上定义节点之间距离的计算方法,根据节点抵抗蠕虫的能力为其选择邻居,使得P2P网络中的节点分布更利于抵抗蠕虫的攻击;并将这种邻居选择机制应用到无结构P2P网络KaZaA中．实验结果表明,该选择机制明显提高了P2P网络对抗蠕虫的能力．     

邻居多跳分布式分簇路由协议

提出了基于一跳邻居节点集合的能耗均衡多跳分簇路由协议NS-MCRP.网络初始化阶段,基站计算若干个簇头节点以及所有节点的一跳邻居节点集合,并广播簇头信息和所有节点的一跳邻居集合.在网络运行过程中,所有节点根据簇头节点的位置信息来划分自己的一跳邻居节点集合,并从一跳邻居节点集合中选择剩余能量最大的节点作为下一跳节点.簇头节点推举本簇内部最大剩余能量的节点作为下一轮的簇头节点.实验结果显示,与Leach协议相比较,NS-MCRP协议具有更好的能耗均衡特性,网络生命时间得到延长.     

OSM——一种基于P2P的覆盖网构造协议

提出了一种新的P2P覆盖网构造协议--OSM.节点使用IP地址匹配算法选择邻居节点,优化了应用层网络拓扑结构,使得最接近底层物理拓扑结构;对于对等网络视频直播系统的健壮性来说,覆盖网构造中管理节点的退出和恢复是至关重要的,提出了节点的异常机制,能够及时有效地发现邻居节点失效,保障快速恢复.实验结果表明,OSM协议提高了与底层网络的匹配度,缩短了反应时间,增强了节点的健壮性.     

基于分布式加权多维定标的节点自身定位算法

提出了一种基于对称K最邻近（SKNN）传感器网络节点分布式精确定位算法．该算法首先采用SKNN方法选择每个节点的邻居节点，通过接收信号强度（RSS）方法测得每对节点之间的距离，构建节点距离矩阵，并以距离矩阵为输入，应用分布式多维加权算法对矩阵进行处理，从而获得传感器网络节点之间的局部映射关系．最后，根据参考节点的坐标对节点局部映射关系进行匹配，以获取节点坐标的全局映射．仿真实验表明，采用所提算法可以加强定位精度，提高计算效率，在有25个节点的传感器网络中，定位误差要比dwMDS方法低大约5%。     

防边界收缩的无线传感器网络节点轻量级调度算法

针对高密度部署的无线传感器网络边界节点邻居数量低于内部节点而导致休眠概率不均等进而边界收缩的问题,提出了一种轻量级调度算法.根据邻居表中节点的数量以及邻居节点的工作邻居数量判定节点是否处于网络边界,对于边界节点和内部节点采用不同的调度策略,并分别计算得出处于网络边界的节点被n个邻居完全覆盖的概率和边界节点被n个邻居覆盖的面积分数的范围.仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效缓解边界收缩问题,延长网络生命周期.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that