退火对非晶态碲镉汞薄膜稳定态光电导的影响

利用射频磁控溅射方法,在宝石衬底上制备了非晶态碲镉汞(a-HgCdTe)薄膜。对原生a-HgCdTe薄膜进行了不同退火时间和不同退火温度的热退火,在80～300K温度范围内,分别测量了原生和退火处理后的a-HgCdTe薄膜样品的稳定态光电导,研究了退火时间和退火温度对非晶态HgCdTe薄膜的稳定态光电导和激活能的影响。结果表明,原生和退火a-HgCdTe薄膜的稳定态光电导具有热激活特性;随着退火时间增加或退火温度升高,a-HgCdTe薄膜的晶化程度提高,导致光电导增大,光电导激活能降低。利用非晶-多晶转变机制讨论了实验结果。     

退火对NiCr薄膜阻值的影响分析

采用磁控溅射方法在Si衬底上沉积NiCr薄膜,通过金属剥离技术制备不同膜厚的NiCr薄膜电阻.对不同膜厚样品退火前后阻值的测试表明,磁控溅射沉积NiCr薄膜的晶粒较小,退火前样品阻值较大.当退火温度超过350 ℃后,薄膜中的细小晶粒合并为较大的晶粒,晶粒间界面积减小,电阻率也相应减小;而经过450 ℃退火5 min后,晶粒尺寸趋于饱和,进一步的退火时间对阻值的变化影响不大.     

镶嵌于非晶碳化硅中的高导电性掺杂纳米晶硅的制备与电学性能研究

对不同C/Si比的掺磷非晶碳化硅薄膜的光电性质进行了研究.发现对于原始样品,随着C/Si比的减小,材料的光学带隙逐渐减小,暗电导率逐渐增大.对于1000℃退火后的样品,材料的暗电导率有了6到7个数量级的提高.随着膜中C/Si比的减小,材料中Si-C键密度逐渐减少,结晶度提高,光学带隙有所增大,多数载流子迁移率增大,暗电导率逐渐增大.此外,薄膜中组分比的改变对材料中掺杂磷原子的激活效率以及材料的电导率激活能等都会产生相应影响.随着C/Si比的减小,退火后样品的掺杂磷原子的激活效率随之改变,表现为载流子浓度先增大后减小的趋势,这与材料的结晶程度有很大的关系.退火后样品的电导率激活能随着C/Si比的减小而逐渐减小,费米能级逐渐靠近导带底,最后位于导带底甚至进入导带,使材料表现为重掺杂的特性.     

真空退火处理CoFe对薄膜结构及磁电阻特性的影响

用粉末冶金方法制备了Co90Fe10,研究了不同退火温度对电子束蒸发方法制备的CoFe薄膜磁电阻特性和微结构的影响.CoFe薄膜在优于5.5×10-4Pa的本底真空度下室温沉积在热氧化Si基片上.随后,样品在3×10-5Pa真空度下分别进行了150℃,280℃,330℃,450℃的60分钟退火处理.靶材的扫描电镜图像显示粉末冶金方法制备的靶材比较疏松.电阻率和磁电阻测量表明450℃退火处理能够明显降低CoFe薄膜电阻率和提高磁电阻变化率.X射线衍射发现沉积在热氧化Si基片上的CoFe膜(111)晶面面间距明显小于靶材相应晶面面间距,退火处理使膜(111)晶面面间距明显减小,趋向靶材面间距.     

真空蒸发法制备CdS薄膜及其性能研究

用真空蒸发法制备了CdS薄膜,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见光分光光度计、四探针对薄膜的形貌、结构、光电性能进行分析测试.研究结果表明,不同基片温度下所制备的CdS薄膜主要为六方相,CdS薄膜在(002)晶面有高度的择优取向;不同基片温度下的薄膜对可见光的透光率都超过70%;薄膜的电阻率随基片温度的升高而增大;基片温度为50℃时薄膜的Eg为2.41 eV;在200℃退火处理改善了CdS薄膜的质量,结晶度提高,电阻率降低,晶粒尺寸增大;基片温度为50℃时薄膜在200℃退火后的电阻率为255Ω.cm.     

Mo2C膜脱附激活能随沉积温度的变化规律

介绍了用金属有机气相沉积(MOCVD)制备Mo2C膜的过程和对膜的颗粒粒径的测量结果,建立物理模型,导出粒子脱附激活能的计算公式,探讨了Mo2C膜的脱附激活能随沉积温度的变化.结果表明:沉积温度低于380 ℃时,Mo2C膜的脱附激活能随温度升高而增大较快;而高于380 ℃时,激活能随温度升高而增大的速度变小.     

退火温度对Li掺杂ZnO薄膜光电特性的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法旋涂制备了摩尔分数为3%的Li掺杂ZnO薄膜,在450~650℃下退火后测试其微结构、表面形貌和光电特性.结果表明薄膜为六方纤锌矿多晶结构且n型导电,退火温度的升高改善了结晶度、表面形貌、透过率和导电性.退火温度超过550℃后电阻率增大,样品由肖特基导电转变为欧姆导电;伏安特性模拟结果表明,替位Li逐渐增多、薄膜功函数增大,有利于制备p型薄膜.退火温度达600℃后,由于薄膜再蒸发等使光电特性变差.550℃是最佳退火温度,适于制备高质量的透明导电薄膜,此时薄膜透过率达95%,薄膜电阻率为2.49×103Ω.cm.     

Effect of Post-Annealing Temperature on Optical and Electrical Properties of Li：ZnO Thin Films

采用溶胶凝胶法旋涂制备了摩尔分数为3%的Li掺杂ZnO薄膜,在450~650℃下退火后测试其微结构、表面形貌和光电特性.结果表明薄膜为六方纤锌矿多晶结构且n型导电,退火温度的升高改善了结晶度、表面形貌、透过率和导电性.退火温度超过550℃后电阻率增大,样品由肖特基导电转变为欧姆导电;伏安特性模拟结果表明,替位Li逐渐增多、薄膜功函数增大,有利于制备p型薄膜.退火温度达600℃后,由于薄膜再蒸发等使光电特性变差.550℃是最佳退火温度,适于制备高质量的透明导电薄膜,此时薄膜透过率达95%,薄膜电阻率为2.49×103Ω.cm.     

缓冲层对银薄膜光电特性的影响

研究铜、铝作为银薄膜的缓冲层对银薄膜的光电学性质的影响.利用热蒸发技术在BK-7玻璃基底上沉积Ag(220 nm)/Al(20 nm)和Ag(220 nm)/Cu(20 nm)薄膜,沉积薄膜在温度为400、500℃的大气条件下退火处理1 h.样品的表面形貌用原子力显微镜观测,光学和电学性质分别用分光光度计和vander Pauw方法测量.实验结果表明,相对于同等条件下制备的纯银薄膜,附加缓冲层大大提高了退火态薄膜的光电性质,改善了银薄膜的热稳定性.不同的缓冲层对银薄膜光电性质影响程度不同:在同一退火温度下,在可见光谱区域,Ag/Al薄膜的反射率大于Ag/Cu薄膜;Ag/Cu薄膜的电阻率ρ小于Ag/Al薄膜,且在退火温度为500℃时Ag/Cu薄膜的ρ最小.     

Si_（83）Ge_（17）/Si压应变衬底上HfAlO_x栅介质薄膜微结构、界面反应和介电性能研究

本文研究了射频磁控溅射沉积在p-Si83Ge17/Si（100）压应变衬底上HfAlOx栅介质薄膜的微结构及其界面反应,表征了其各项电学性能,并与相同制备条件下沉积在p-Si（100）衬底上薄膜的电学性能进行了对比研究.高分辨透射电子显微镜观测与X射线光电子能谱深度剖析表明600°C高温退火处理后,HfAlOx薄膜仍保持非晶态,但HfOx纳米微粒从薄膜中分离析出,并与扩散进入膜内的Ge,Si原子发生界面反应生成了富含Ge原子的HfSiOx和HfSix的混合界面层.相比在相同制备条件下沉积在Si（100）衬底上的薄膜样品,Si83Ge17/Si（100）衬底上薄膜的电学性能大幅提高：薄膜累积态电容增加,有效介电常数增大（～17.1）,平带电压减小,？1V栅电压下漏电流密度J减小至1.96×10？5A/cm2,但电容-电压滞后回线有所增大.Si83Ge17应变层抑制了低介电常数SiO2界面层的形成,从而改善了薄膜大部分电学性能;但混合界面层中的缺陷导致薄膜界面捕获电荷有所增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that