N-丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成工艺研究

以苯酐和正丁胺为原料,以水为溶剂,以三乙胺为催化剂,合成了N-丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,探索了催化剂的用量、物料配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素产品收率的影响,从而找出了制备N-丁基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的最佳工艺条件:苯酐与正丁胺的摩尔比1:1.3,催化剂三乙胺的为苯酐质量的百分数为16%,反应时间2h,收率达到97%。     

Gabriel合成法制备4-氨基丁醇

采用Gabriel合成法,首次使用4-氯丁醇、邻苯二甲酰亚胺作为初始原料,四丁基溴化铵作为相转移催化剂,反应制备N-(4-羟基丁基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺(中间体),中间体在氢氧化钠的作用下水解得到4-氨基丁醇.通过高分辨质谱、核磁共振光谱等对中间体和产品进行了表征.考察了反应溶剂、4-氯丁醇与邻苯二甲酰亚胺物质的量比、反应温度、反应时间对中间体收率的影响,优化反应条件之后4-氨基丁醇最佳的总收率为77.1%.此工艺路线具有合成方法简便、反应条件温和、产品收率高等优点,可以进行工业放大.     

微波辐射合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以苯酐和尿素为反应原料，通过微波辐射合成了邻苯二甲酰亚胺。结果表明：微波辐射法的反应速率显著提高，辐射反应100s，收率达85％，产品纯度为95％。同时考察了微波辐射时间、功率、原料配比以及输入能量对反应收率的影响，发现以苯酐和尿素为原料微波合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺的最佳反应条件为：苯酐：尿素＝1：1．2（摩尔比），每克苯酐输入的表观辐射能为11．35kJ，采用连续辐射方式。     

4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的制备与表征

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(4-NP)为原料,采用铁粉还原法制备4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(4-AP).考察了还原反应温度、反应时间、铁粉的用量、氯化铵的用量等因素对4-AP收率的影响.结果表明:当还原反应温度为80℃、反应时间为3 h、n(铁粉):n(硝基化合物)为3.5:1.0、n(氯化铵):n(铁粉)为0.3:1.0时,产物的收率为91.08%、熔点为292.7～292.9℃.并通过红外光谱对产物进行了结构表征,与标准图谱一致.     

2'-氧基二乙胺的合成与纯化

以二氯二乙醚为起始原料,先与邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶剂中加热反应生成2,2'-二邻苯二甲酰亚胺基二乙醚,将其纯化后与水合肼在乙醇溶剂中加热回流反应合成粗品2'-氧基二乙胺,通过与盐酸反应生成产物盐酸盐进行纯化,再与氢氧化钠溶液反应,使用异丙醇萃取成功得到高纯度2'-氧基二乙胺,其结构经~1HNMR,LC-MS表征。优化实验得出中间体合成反应的最佳溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),最优反应时间应不低于12 h,异丙醇对2'-氧基二乙胺萃取效果最好,经过4次萃取操作后,2'-氧基二乙胺收率为70%,纯度为98%。     

压敏染料结晶紫内酯的合成研究

采用N,N-二甲基苯胺为原料经Vilsmeier反应合成得到对二甲氨基苯甲醛,探讨了反应温度、反应时间及原料配比对产品收率的影响.当反应温度为75℃,反应时间为4.5 h,N,N-二甲基苯胺与三氯氧磷配比为1∶1.3(mol/mol)时,收率为87.8%.以对二甲氨基苯甲醛、N,N-二甲基苯胺、间二甲氨基苯甲酸为原料,经缩合、氧化得到结晶紫内酯,收率41.5%.     

季铵盐与NHPI的协同催化氧化

以四甲基乙二胺和三乙烯二胺为原料合成4种双季铵盐,经元素分析和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征确认其结构。催化活性检测发现,当反应温度为80℃、氧气压力为0.3 MPa及反应时间为7 h时,4种季铵盐协同N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI)催化氧化乙苯的转化率达到84.5%,苯乙酮的选择性达到88.1%。     

季铵盐与NHPI的协同催化氧化

以四甲基乙二胺和三乙烯二胺为原料合成4种双季铵盐,经元素分析和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)表征确认其结构。催化活性检测发现,当反应温度为80℃、氧气压力为0.3 MPa及反应时间为7 h时,4种季铵盐协同N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI)催化氧化乙苯的转化率达到84.5%,苯乙酮的选择性达到88.1%。     

酰亚胺的相转移催化N-烷基化反应

A.Butenandt 等发现,邻苯二甲酰亚胺的钾盐与三甲基苄基的季铵盐反应时,季铵盐发生分解而得到 N-苄基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,同时生成挥发性的三甲铵.U.Landini 和 F.Ralla 利用季磷盐为催化剂,用邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐为被作用物,进行了固一液相转移提取烷基化反应.考虑到这些情况,我们选用对称性高并且不形成挥发性胺的四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)作为催化剂,在二氯甲烷和40～50%氢氧化钾溶液中,用卤代烃与酰亚胺在35℃进行 N-烷基化反应.用溴丁烷为烃基化试剂,对催化剂用量及反     

DDQ促进的异色满苄基位C-O键的构建研究

研究了利用DDQ(二氯二氰基苯醌)促进下,异色满与NHPI(N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)C-O键构建反应,详细考察了不同溶剂、温度以及底物取代基对反应收率的影响.结果表明,当以DCM(二氯甲烷)为溶剂时室温条件下,反应的收率最好,可以达到70％的产率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has