电子束预辐照接枝反应研究（Ⅱ）──维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸

研究了电子束预辐照维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸，考察了预辐照剂量、反应时间、单体的质量分数、反应温度和摩尔盐对接枝反应的影响，以及接技后纤维力学性能的变化，并对电子束预辐照接枝反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

预辐射接枝法制备离子交换纤维的研究

以^60Coγ射线为辐射源，对聚丙烯纤维在空气中进行预辐照，然后将样品置于丙烯酸水溶液体系中进行接枝反应。研究了辐射剂量对接枝率的影响，纤维的力学性能、吸水率以及接枝率与离子交换能力的关系。结果表明：随着辐射剂量的增加，接枝率明显提高，接枝率可达到1600％以上。接枝后的纤维仍有较好的力学性能和很高的吸水性能，离子交换容量随接枝率的提高而不断增长。     

电子束预辐照接枝反应研究（I）──聚乙烯醇纤维接枝丙烯酸

研究了电子束预辐照聚乙烯醇纤维接枝丙烯酸的接枝规律。发现．随着预辐照剂量的增大、反应时间的延长或反应温度的提高，聚乙烯醇纤维的接枝率首先增大，然后增大趋缓并趋向定值，而随着丙烯酸浓度的增大，纤维接枝率具有一个峰值，少量摩尔盐加入到聚合体系中，可以有效地抑制乙烯醇纤维的接枝反应。     

微晶纤维素预辐照接枝甲基丙烯酸反应研究

采用预辐照方法将甲基丙烯酸接枝到微晶纤维素粉末上.研究了辐照剂量、单体浓度、反应时间和温度等因素对接枝反应的影响;用ESR研究了反应机理,表明辐照后,微晶纤维素表面产生了过氧化(或沦陷)自由基,由它引发接枝共聚.使用IR光谱、SEM、X—衍射等手段对接枝共聚物进行了表征.     

石棉纤维辐射接枝有机单体的研究

报道了用电子共辐照法对石棉纤维辐射接枝有机单体表面改性的研究。用法，灼烧法，元素分析，扫描电镜及红外光谱法对接枝共聚物进行表行证明，甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙烯已通过化学键接枝在石棉纤维上，经接枝反应的质量分数，接枝温度及辐照剂量的研究表明，辐射引发无机材料的接枝反应具有复杂的机理。     

弱酸型阳离子交换纤维PVF-g-AA的制备

用γ-射线预辐射接枝共聚的方法制备了一种弱酸型阳离子交换纤维PVF-g-AA，分析了温度、时间、单体浓度、交联剂以及预辐照剂量和辐照后PVF的保存时间对接枝共聚反应的影响。研究表明：当反应温度为50—60℃、单体浓度15％一20％、共聚时间60min时，接枝率最高。     

C_o~（20）预辐照接校共聚制备PET离子交换纤维的研究

本研究采用Ｃｏ６０－γ射线预辐照方法，探讨ＰＥＴ纤维接枝共聚规律及其产物的离子交换性能、结果表明，辐照总剂量增加，接枝率亦增加。反应温度在３５３Ｋ以上接枝率显著提高。氧气对该反应有明显阻聚作用，ＰＥＴ织物经预处理有利于反应的进行。对产物的静态交换容量、交换速率、动态工作曲线、混合金属离子的竞争吸附及对工业含镍废水的处理进行研究，表明ＰＥＴ离子交换纤维材料的离子交换速率快，交换吸附的最低离子浓度为７．６７×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

紫外辐照表面接枝纤维的表征

本文通过电子能谱法,全反射红外光谱法、纤维染色性能和吸湿性能的测定,纤维与环氧树脂粘结后拔出力的测试等表征了经紫外辐照表面接枝的高强高模聚乙烯纤维和高强聚酯纤维的表面接枝程度,这些实验结果同时也肯定了紫外辐照接枝纤维的表面性能得到了很好的改善。     

预辐照聚乙烯膜共接枝丙烯酸和苯乙烯单体的研究

利用预辐照聚乙烯膜产生的过氧化物与丙烯酸和苯乙烯单体共接枝，讨论了单体组成、单体浓度、预辐照剂量、接枝温度等对接枝共聚反应的影响。     

聚乙烯预辐射接枝丙烯酸研究

采用预辐射法研究了丙烯酸对聚乙烯膜的接枝反应。结果表明,在真空环境下添加阻聚刑铁盐可使接枝反应顺利进行,加入无机酸可促进接枝反应。还研究了单体浓度、辐照剂量和贮存时间的影响,测定了接枝膜的吸水率、吸碱率和机械性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to