一种低焊接裂纹敏感性钢的奥氏体粗化温度研究

通过高温淬火试验观察试验钢奥氏体晶粒尺寸的变化情况.结合金相和TEM观察、显微硬度和第二相粒子的溶解度积公式分析了加热温度和保温时间对试验钢奥氏体晶粒粗化温度、第二相粒子的溶解情况以及显微硬度值的影响.结果表明:试验钢的奥氏体粗化温度在1200℃附近.当加热温度低于1200℃时,大量细小的第二相粒子阻碍奥氏体晶粒粗化;当加热温度高于1200℃时,细小的第二相粒子溶解,奥氏体晶粒出现异常长大.确定试验钢的合理加热温度为1150～1200℃,在此范围内可获得淬火组织的显微硬度值低于HV330.     

微量Ga对电容器阳极用铝箔组织及比电容的影响

采用X射线衍射定量检测含微量Ga高压电解电容器阳极用退火箔的立方织构,用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察其显微组织,用图像分析软件分析腐蚀箔的腐蚀结构,研究了微量Ga对组织结构、腐蚀结构及比电容的影响.结果表明:Ga的质量分数由05×10-6提高至116×10-6时,铝箔的立方织构的体积分数略微下降,但在520V的比电容却由0662μF/cm2增加到0706μF/cm2;当Ga的质量分数增加至214×10-6时,显微组织及织构变化不明显,但比电容下降至0693μF/cm2.这是因为适当添加微量Ga能促进电化学腐蚀发孔,增加箔的表面积,提高其比电容;但Ga的质量分数高于116×10-6时,将增加箔的并孔数量,减少其表面积,导致比电容下降.     

低压电容铝箔国产化的研制(英文)

本文利用金相、X光和电子显微镜等技术,对国产和进口低压电容器用铝箔的成分和组织结构等进行了对比分析。通过对铝箔直流腐蚀形貌的观察,研究了提高铝箔比电容的机理。成功地开发了一种新型国产电容铝箔,经工厂实际生产应用证明,各种技术指标均达到进口电容铝箔的水平,能取代进口箔,具有巨大的社会效益和经济效益。     

温度对电容器用TiCxN1-x／Al复合铝箔比电容的影响

采用多弧离子镀技术制备高容量电容器用TiCxN1-x/Al复合铝箔电极,研究不同温度下TiCxN1-x/Al复合铝箔的比电容特性,并通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析不同温度下铝箔的表面微观结构和物相变化规律.结果表明,TiCxN1-x/Al复合铝箔的比电容高达1 600 μF/cm2,经退火处理后,TiCxN1-x涂层表面颗粒有逐渐长大趋势,晶体结构也从非晶态向晶态转变,当退火温度高于200 ℃时,复合铅箔比电容下降较快.     

中间退火工艺对铝箔力学性能和成品率的影响

采用 4种不同的中间退火工艺 ,通过显微组织观察、定量金相、X ray衍射分析 ,力学性能测试等实验手段 ,研究了中间退火工艺对AA12 35合金铝箔轧制性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明 ,中间退火工艺对铝箔力学性能和轧制性能有显著影响 ,当采用 380℃× 6h +2 10℃× 9h的分级退火工艺时 ,各压下量下材料的抗拉强度均小于 16 0N/mm2 ,其变形抗力较小 ,塑性较好 ,有利于薄箔的轧制 ,铝箔产品的成品率可达到 80 %以上。显微组织观察表明 ,采用该工艺时 ,铝箔毛料有较好的显微组织 ,Si和Fe析出充分 ,化合物尺寸峰值在 2～ 3μm之间。作者对工艺参数和杂质元素的影响机理进行了分析和讨论。     

马氏体时效钢激冷粉末的时效性

利用SEM技术,观察马氏体时效钢冷冷粉末经480℃、3h时效后的表面,发现有大量的白点相,主要分布于结晶组织的晶臂间,经能谱和波谱分析,鉴别其为Ti的化合物。显微硬度的分析表明,激冷粉末的时效硬度远远高于固溶淬火后的时效硬度,并有可能利用激冷组织的特征来提高马氏体时效钢的性能,并调整其成分。     

热处理对高铬铸铁组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理状态下高铬白口铸铁显微组织,探讨了热处理对高铬铸铁冲击韧性和硬度的影响,并确定了组织与性能的相关性。分别采用金相显微镜观察热处理后高铬铸铁显微组织,洛氏硬度计测定高铬铸铁的硬度,冲击试验机测定冲击韧性。结果表明：高铬铸铁随着淬火温度的升高,硬度先升后降,冲击韧性则相反。在1 000℃淬火空冷,并在400℃回火时,材料可以获得良好的综合力学性能。     

轴承钢马氏体等温处理的研究

本文研究了 GCr15轴承铜在马氏体相变开始温度(Ms)以下不同温度进行等温时,淬火钢的相变过程、显微组织和力学性能。GCr15轴承铜在 Ms 温度以下不同温度与不同时间等温淬火后淬火铜的组成相是:变温马氏体、贝氏体、残留奥氏体和未溶碳化物。未观察到等温马氏体组织。未溶碳化物的量不变,变温马氏体的体积比随着等温温度的降低而增大,贝氏体和残留奥氏体的体积比则随等温温度的降低或等温时间的缩短而减少。等温后冷却时形成的变温马氏体的板条尺寸减小并细化了马氏体的领域。力学性能的测定结果表明:与普通淬火钢相比,经220℃马氏体等温淬火钢的强度提高一倍,冲击值提高近五倍,达到强韧性的最佳配合。此外,220℃马氏体等温淬火钢的接触疲劳寿命亦比普通淬火、回火钢有提高。对于力学性能的改善,从显微组织因素作出了解释。     

升温速率对1933铝合金铸锭均匀化组织的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、透射电镜和X线衍射分析等试验手段,研究升温速率对1933铝合金铸锭均匀化显微组织的影响.研究结果表明;合金铸态中主要存在α(Al)+η(MgZn2)非平衡共晶组织、AlZnCu相和AlCuFe相;均匀化处理后共晶组织被消除,η相溶解,合金中残留有AlZnCu相和AlcuFe相;合金经465℃/24 h、升温速率为200℃/h均匀化处理后,晶界附近存在一个明显的无A13Zr粒子析出带(DFZ),宽度为3～5 μm,晶粒中心Al3Zr粒子的密度较小,约为120个/μm3,粒子尺寸较大,半径约为15 nm;均匀化慢速升温(20℃/h)将无弥散析出区(DFZ)的宽度减小到0.5μm,晶内Al3Zr粒子分布更弥散细小,粒子半径为10 nm,粒子密度约为400个/μm3.     

3104铝合金铸锭均匀化过程中的溶解析出行为

通过电导率测试,扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜观察分析,研究3104铝合金铸锭单级和双级均匀化过程中溶解和析出行为.结果表明:600℃均匀化时,在保温时间1.5～24h范围内,随保温时间的延长,非平衡结晶相逐渐溶解、球化;在450℃均匀化时,在晶内和晶界处析出大量含Mn第2相,但锭坯中的骨骼状和片状的非平衡结晶相仍存在:600℃/12 h+450℃/12 h双级均匀化后,锭坯中初生相和析出相的第2相粒子均匀分布,初生第2相粒子的平均粒径约为4μm,析出第2相粒径约为0.5 μm.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that