Boulding's typology elaborated: A framework for understanding school and classroom systems

The scope of current educational reform themes is wide. Power is shifted from central governments to local, from administrative office to school site, from principal to teachers, from teacher to students. This is hopeful because traditional reform efforts have been counterproductive. These new themes parallel a worldwide paradigm shift from viewing relationships as monocausal and top-down regulating to interactive and self-regulating. The new themes are also problematic because resulting reform efforts are conflicting, proposing either control or flexibility, which increases harmful out-comes. This paper elaborates Boulding's typology of system complexity drawing from education and related disciplines. The elaboration unifies conflicting perspectives and explains why school reforms fail. Agency in change is clarified. The change model that results highlights system adjustment capacities and specifies both control and flexibility: control of morphostatic subsystems for maintaining access to resources of time, materials, equipment, and energy; and flexibility in morphogenic subsystems for learning, growth, and differentiation.     

A one-stop logistic services framework supporting global supply chain collaboration

A global enterprise must continuously improve the efficiency of logistic operations between supply chain collaborators. Integrating logistic services, resources, and necessary information flows in the supply chain to ensure efficiency and efficacy is critically important to these companies. Global logistic service companies face challenges from their clients to provide logistic services that are cost effective, accurate, and seamlessly integrate material, information and cash flows. In this research, an improved framework for one-stop logistic services is systematically designed, analyzed, and evaluated. The one-stop logistic service framework, defined in four models, is developed to provide enterprises with integrated and comprehensive services within the global supply chain context. The levels of service importance are assessed using a four categories questionnaire. This research provides a case study of the implementation of one-stop logistic services in the distribution industry and demonstrates the framework operating under different demand conditions. Finally, system dynamics causal evaluation is used to evaluate the advantages of the logistic service framework.     

Total systems intervention: A research program

The development of TSI represents a real advance in management science in our view. Further developments are necessary however. This Research Note has outlined what we currently consider to be key issues in this development. We welcome other criticisms and suggestions. We invite you to join with us in this project.     

Total systems intervention: A practitioner's critique

An earlier paper in this journal described an intervention in North Yorkshire Police using the TSI meta-methodology. This Research Note draws upon the experience gained from that intervention to provide a critique of TSI. The critique is informed by Flood and Jackson's foundational work but is intended to be pitched more at the practical, rather than the theoretical, level.     

可支持多级关键度任务的实时操作系统

为设计可支持多级关键度任务的军用实时操作系统MRTOS,首先分析了现有实时操作系统的调度机制。同时为定量描述任务的关键度,使用时间窗口来描述任务在有限时间范围内的时限错过情况。基于此描述,提出了改进型的最短紧急距离优先调度算法,该算法可保证实时任务仅错过规定数量的时限,能有效支持不同关键度任务同时运行在同一计算机上,同时可在任务量瞬时过载的情况下保证关键任务优先得到执行。最后通过仿真对最短紧急距离优先调度算法进行了例证。     

弱优分配与支持价格

在无限维生产经济中,假设偏好与生产集均为一致τ-proper,且w》0,那么每一个弱pareto优均由价格P近似支持.     

基于无线局域网支持智能天线的优化MAC协议

提出优化的媒体接入控制协议OD-DCF,可以在一个无线局域网内同时支持智能自适应阵列天线和全向天线。在发送数据帧前,OD-DCF利用全向RTS/CTS握手机制预约信道,引导发送站点和接收站点发送训练序列。智能天线根据训练序列计算出对应的权矢量,定向收发数据帧。为了解决智能天线与全向天线的兼容问题,OD-DCF支持基于天线种类的分级机制:通过调节竞争参数,智能天线可优先接入网络;在形成定向波束后,相邻站点复用信道。仿真结果表明,OD-DCF协议能够有效支持信道的空分复用,显著提高网络吞吐量,降低时延和时延抖动。     

Total systems intervention: A practical face to critical systems thinking

This is the first exposition of a new methodology (or perhaps meta-methodology) for systems practice known as Total Systems Intervention (TSI). Designed to overcome the weaknesses of hard, cybernetic, and soft systems approaches and build on their strengths, TSI represents a practical face of critical systems thinking. It advocates combining three building blocks-systems metaphors, system of systems methodologies, and individual systems methodologies—in an interactive manner which is deemed to be particularly powerful and fruitful. In this paper the philosophy, principles, and phases of the TSI methodology are set out and two very different examples of its use are provided.     

基于时间Petri网的电力系统故障恢复算法的研究

随着电网建设的逐步升级和加强,电网结构趋于成熟稳定,但也愈加庞大复杂。电网不可避免受到故障影响而导致停电,严重危害社会经济的持续发展,因此,电力系统故障恢复问题的研究正成为完善电网建设的一项重要任务。时间Petri网是一种用于描述系统动态行为和分析系统动态性质的数学模型,对描述和分析并发现象有其独到的优越之处,非常适合于异步并发系统的建模。用时间Petri网来解决故障恢复是一种新型算法。根据时间Petri网的特点,利用时间Petri网为配电网典型结构建立模型,应用迪杰斯特拉计算机算法,辅助计算电力系统配电网故障恢复的最优路径。举例验证本算法的有效性。     

支持定量化决策行为研究的一种个性分析方法

如何在定量化的人的决策行为研究中合理的建模个性与决策行为的相互影响关系,已成为国内外人的决策行为研究、特别是人的决策行为建模研究的重要内容之一,而心理学个性研究方法,为此项研究提供一个很好的起点.基于心理学NEO-PI-R个性分析方法,运用模糊集合理论构建了一种定量化的个性模糊分析方法;在此基础上,并就应用这种定量化的个性模糊分析方法建模个性与决策行为之间相互影响关系的实现方法进行了初步探讨.     

数据特征驱动的火电产能过剩分解集成预测模型

有机融合数据特征驱动与多模态信息集成建模思想,构建了中国火电行业产能过剩组合预测方法和模型.首先识别火电产能过剩规模时序数据的本质和模式特征,发现其不仅具有非平稳,非线性特征,还呈现高复杂性和突变性;其次采用与数据特征相配的变分模态分解方法将时序数据分解,得到多个分量;然后识别各分量的数据特征,据此选择三次指数平滑-最小二乘支持向量机模型进行预测;最后集成各分量预测结果,得到火电产能过剩规模的最终预测结果.实证检验表明,所构建模型的预测水平精度,方向精度和稳定性均优于目前广泛使用的单一模型和其他组合预测模型.预测结果显示,2020-2022年中国火电产能过剩规模仍处于较高水平,呈先降后升趋势,且体制扭曲仍将是火电产能过剩的决定性因素.     

The road to emancipation is through organizational development: A critical evaluation of total systems intervention

Total Systems Intervention (TSI) has been claimed to be the practical face of critical systems thinking. This article reviews the central principles of TSI, describes its theoretical base, and outlines its logic. It is argued that, far from being the way forward for management science, as its supporters claim, TSI is beset by logical and conceptual problems which render its use problematic. More specifically, TSI appears to confuse logical types; its use of metaphors tends to be circular and unnecessary; and its avowed complementarism is insufficiently thought out. It is also argued that TSI is only contingently linked to critical systems thinking and that the latter's assumptions are not followed through in practice. TSI, in the final analysis, appears to be relying on commonsense, eclectically drawing on other problem-solving methods, but in itself unable to present a distinctively new, theoretically sound, and methodologically consistent approach.     

复杂系统并行设计及其支撑环境ＣＡＤforCLSS的开发

在分析复杂系统设计特点和国内外相关ＣＡＤ技术的基础上,研究了复杂系统智能ＣＡＤ理论及其集成化建模,并行过程管理,设计工作组协同等关键技术,规划实现了相应的设计支撑环境ＣＡＤforCLSS.     

CMA:an efficient index algorithmof clustering supporting fast retrieval oflarge image databases

1 .INTRODUCTIONWith the rapid development of computer and commu-nicationtechnologies ,thereis a tendency of sharpin-creasing of multi media information. Due to theircharacters of large quantity and difficulty in descrip-tion,it’s very difficult tofind users’neededinforma-tion accurately and quickly in the sea of multi mediainformation. Thus ,howto organize and index largemulti media information to support efficient retrievalbecomes the most urgent issue . I mage , which is asi mple medi…     

Foucault's interpretive analytics of power 1,2

In this paper an interpretation of Foucault's work on power is presented. One aim is to introduce this aspect of Foucault's work to the emerging debate on Critical Systems Thinking. Another goal is to clarify how Foucauldian discourse about power can be framed within the notion of “interpretive analytics” (a term that describes Foucault's work, conceived by Dreyfus and Rabinow). This metalogical thinking proposes that archaeological and genealogical dimensions are proper methods for the study of the History of Thought. The interpretive space of experience-in which knowledge, power, and self are the axes of experience-is presented as a comprehensive model of the critical task of the History of Thought. Foucault's work is analyzed according to this model. Two conceptions of power arise from this analysis: the first conception is a peripheral view of power which raises key questions that drive the second, microphysical conception of power. We then demonstrate how the latter absorbs the former. The microphysical conception is based on a nominalistic view, which raises issues about nominalism in Foucault's critical thinking. These are addressed at the end of the article.     

偏离购买力平价的非线性均值复归

由于存在交易成本，偏离购买力平价可能呈非线性的均值回复特性，结果表明偏离购买力平价呈非线性的均值回复，指数平滑转换自回归（ESTAR）模型描述了这种非线性特性。     

Towards a methodology for organisational intervention in Colombian enterprises

The lack of autonomy of people in the working place is the basic problem addressed by the methodology for organisational intervention that has been developed by the group TESO at the University of Los Andes in Bogota. This lack of autonomy accounts for their lack of creativity, motivation, and political consciousness. We take Freire's conception of consciousness as related to social formations, and how autonomy is achieved by working with his methodology. We also use Heidegger's concepts of calculative and meditative thinking and relate them to the development of consciousness. Finally we show how through a methodology that facilitates contact of persons with the self, the workspace, and others, they develop autonomy and an ability to define conflicts and work out ways to stransform their world.     

Knowing as intervention: Reflections on the application of systems ideas

The relation between theory and practice is explored in this paper with respect to an examination of various systems approaches. It is argued that the moment of knowing already contains practical implications in that comprehensiongears practice in certain directions. Practice/application can fulfill the demands of theory through the operation of a self-fulfilling prophecy effect. The way in which theoretical conceptions of systems researchers may constrain practice is explored with reference to the work of Beer, Checkland and Scholes, and Ulrich. In the course of this exploration, alternative views of the way in which viable systems diagnosis, soft systems methodology, and critical systems heuristics may be utilised, are offered.