安徽早三叠世巢湖龙前肢比较及分类学意义

由于标本少和保存情况不好等原因, 对巢湖龙(Chaohusaurus)解剖学特征缺少详细描述, 安徽地区巢湖龙的种级分异尚存争议。经过对比研究北京大学地质博物馆馆藏的采自安徽巢湖的鱼龙标本与相关模式标本, 基于骨骼形态及腕骨骨化程度等方面的差异, 将标本分为两类。将研究标本及相关模式标本等进行聚类分析, 结果表明存在两个类群。将前肢骨骼数据作图, 显示存在两条生长序列, 该结果推翻了之前的巢县陈氏龙和小巧陈氏龙均为龟山巢湖龙后出同物异名的结论。据此推断, 巢湖马家山地区的巢湖龙可能存在两个物种。厘清巢湖龙的种间关系有助于全球早三叠世原始鱼龙类的对比研究, 并对探讨鱼龙的早期演化具有十分重要的意义。     

封面故事

云南龙鱼(Saurichthys yunnanensis),是中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心2007年首次在罗平发现并命名的,隶属于辐鳍鱼亚纲软骨硬鳞鱼次纲龙鱼科龙鱼属。封面的龙鱼化石产于云南省罗平县大凹子村中三叠世安尼期关岭组地层中,长40厘米,原地完整地保存了头骨和躯干等部位的骨骼化石。其中,长椭圆形的鳃盖骨、躯干部的6列鳞     

巢湖生态调水对鱼类资源的影响分析

文章根据1996-2010年的鱼产量和巢湖的水位流量资料,针对巢湖近年来水域污染状况,从水域生态平衡的角度分析了生态调水对巢湖水域生态的影响,利用相关分析方法,重点分析了水位变化对鱼类资源和滩地面积的影响.分析结果表明:鱼产量在一定水位范围内随着水位的升高而增加,在枯水期湖水位成为制约鱼类生长的主要因子;鱼类产量与湖水位的变幅成反比,相对稳定的水位,有利于维系稳定的水生环境和滩地,从而有利于鱼类的生长与繁殖;当枯水期水位较低时,较大的水位变幅则可能使水生动植物失去生存的空间而淘汰,因此在枯水期进行必要的人工调水,有利于改善生态环境和鱼类等水生动植物的生长.文中还初步分析了巢湖水体污染的原因,并提出水污染防治措施,可为巢湖水污染治理以及湿地保护提供参考.     

安徽巢湖-铜陵断裂的地质证据

通过野外地质考察与室内应力场分析,发现巢湖-铜陵断裂存在2期活动.其第一期活动发生于晚印支期,它是受北西-南东的推覆挤压而产生,控制了无为盆地西缘的形成,为左行平移活动;中始新世之后,区内受近东西向的挤压和大别突出体的联合作用,这使巢铜断裂发生了第二次右行平移,具有正断性质,加剧了无为盆地的沉降深度.巢湖-铜陵断裂构成无为盆地的西界,该两期活动均影响了无为盆地的演化.     

涡旋型线齿头修正的参数分析优化

针对涡旋型线齿头的参数优化选取,以双圆弧修正和双圆弧加直线修正两种涡旋型线齿头修正为例,推导了两种修正的几何模型,建立了修正齿齿形参数和修正齿面积的数学模型,分析了实现两种修正所需要的初始参数,并讨论了修正齿参数和修正齿面积随各初始参数变化时的变化趋势;以修正齿面积和修正面积系数为优化目标,采用多目标遗传算法对两种修正中各参数不同组合时的选取进行了优化,得到了各参数的一组非劣解集.结果表明该模型可为双圆弧修正和双圆弧加直线修正的初始参数的选取提供参考.     

安徽巢湖早三叠世原始鱼龙类的结构和行为特征及其对鱼龙类起源研究的启示

鱼龙类(Ichthyosaurs)起源于早三叠世晚期, 以往发现的鱼龙类已高度适应水生生活, 其身体结构无任何能将其与可能的陆地祖先相联系的陆生适应特征。针对近年在安徽巢湖下三叠统奥伦尼克阶采集的柔腕短吻龙(Cartorhynchus)和含胚胎巢湖龙两件鱼龙类标本, 通过对柔腕短吻龙的荐前椎数目(31节)、吻长与头骨长之比(0.35)、前肢长与荐前椎长之比(0.45)的研究以及与后期鱼龙类相关数据和骨骼形态学的对比, 认为柔腕短吻龙结构更为原始, 可两栖生活。结合对早三叠世含胚胎巢湖龙、侏罗纪含胚胎狭翼鱼龙幼体保存情况的对比分析, 认为巢湖龙虽比柔腕短吻龙身体结构更进化, 且完全适应水生生活, 但其生殖行为仍然保持陆生爬行动物头位胎生的特征。鱼龙类在其陆地祖先逐渐演化至适应水生生活的过程中, 结构的适应性特征(如肢体的鳍状化、吻部的增长等)和行为特征(如生产方式的变化)的变化不同步, 前者的改变更早。     

环巢湖地区发展模式及实施措施研究

受环境污染及城镇扩张的影响,我国一些特大型湖泊正承受着巨大的环境压力。为此,文章以巢湖为例,阐述其历史演变、环境现状及趋势分析,提出环巢湖地区发展的模式,并系统提出环巢湖地区生态治理、环境保护和建设发展的相应措施与途径。     

雅鲁藏布江中上游鱼类区系和资源状况初步调查

根据2006年～2007年4次调查结果,雅鲁藏布江中上游共分布25种鱼类.其中土著鱼类16种,由裂腹鱼亚科、条鳅亚科及鮡科3个类群组成,属典型的高原鱼类区系.高原裸鲤、兰格湖裸鲤和黄斑褶鮡为雅鲁藏布江中上游干支流新纪录种.渔获物主要是由拉萨裸裂尻鱼、双须叶须鱼、异齿裂腹鱼、拉萨裂腹鱼、巨须裂腹鱼等组成,构成鱼类产量的9...     

巢湖蓝藻聚集程度评价及其控制对策

巢湖作为城市重要饮用水水源地,受到蓝藻侵扰,严重影响当地居民饮用水安全.通过对巢湖2014年4-8月份水质检测数据进行分析,评价巢湖蓝藻聚集程度.并应用SPSS多元逐步回归分析对巢湖水质指标与叶绿素(Chla)进行研究.结果表明:4月份巢湖富营养程度为中营养等级,5-8月份均为轻度富营养等级,7月份TLI指数最高.通过回归方程得出水体TN含量是限制巢湖蓝藻聚集的首要因素.最后在评价结果的基础上提出了控制巢湖蓝藻的对策.     

基于共生理论的环巢湖游憩带城湖联动发展研究

本文尝试引入"共生理论"重新解构城湖联动模式,将城市湖泊与城市发展作为两个复杂的有机群种,从产业发展、城乡建设、空间组织、生态修复、文化保护五个层面解析其共生模式,并以环巢湖游憩带为例,积极探索在城湖联动背景下环巢湖游憩带的发展模式、存在问题及解决路径,以期为城市和湖泊联动发展开拓思路并提供一定的借鉴.     

A deep-bodied ginglymodian fish from the Middle Triassic of eastern Yunnan Province, China, and the phylogeny of lower neopterygians

The Ginglymodi are a group of ray-finned fishes that make up one of three major subdivisions of the infraclass Neopterygii.Ex- tant ginglymodians are represented by gars,which inhabit freshwater environments of North and Central America and Cuba.Here, we report the discovery of well-preserved fossils of a new ginglymodian,Kyphosichthys grandei gen.et sp.nov.,from the Middle Triassic(Anisian)marine deposits(Guanling Formation)in Luoping,eastern Yunnan Province,China.The discovery documents the first known fossil record of highly deep-bodied ginglymodians,adding new information on the early morphological diversity of this group.The studies of functional morphology of extant deep-bodied fishes indicate that Kyphosichthys is not a fast swim- mer but has a good performance in precise maneuvering,representing a morphological adaptation to structurally complex habitats (e.g.thick macrophyte beds,rocky areas,or coral reefs),which differs from the other members of this group.A cladistic analysis with the new fish taxon included supports the hypothesis that the Ginglymodi are more closely related to the Halecomorphi than to the Teleostei.Represented by Felberia,Kyphosichthys,and Dapedium,a highly deep and short fish body type has inde- pendently evolved at least three times in the stem-group neopterygians,ginglymodians,and basal teleosts within the lower neop- terygians of the Triassic.     

四川马角坝地区飞仙关组的双壳类动物群

文章简述了四川江油马角坝地区下三叠统飞仙关组中的双壳类化石组合特征，描述了１新种（Ｃｌａｒａｉａｊｉａｎｇｙｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ）和１新亚种（Ｃｌａｒａｉａｓｏｎｇｐａｎｅｎｓｉｓｍａｇｎｕｓ），划分出两个双壳类化石带（Ｐｓｅｕ－ｄｏｃｌａｒａｉａｗａｎｇｉ带和Ｅｕｍｏｒｐｈｏｔｉｓｍｕｌｔｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ－Ｃｌａｒａｉａａｕｒｉｔａ－Ｃｌａｒａｉａｓｔａｃｈｅｉ带），刊出了主要化石图版     

华北地块沁水盆地下三叠统刘家沟组古地磁倾角浅化研究

对华北地块沁水盆地下三叠统刘家沟组红层样品进行系统的岩石磁学、磁组构和古地磁学研究, 并用E/I (elongation/inclination)方法对其进行磁倾角浅化的识别与校正, 获得刘家沟组红层磁倾角浅化因子f = 0.6。岩石磁学结果显示, 刘家沟组红层的主要载磁矿物是赤铁矿及磁铁矿, 其磁组构具有典型的静水沉积特征。经地层校正后, 15个采样点特征剩磁分量的平均方向为D_s=318.8°, I_s=30.9°(α₉₅= 6.9°), 对应的古地磁极为49.3°N, 5.5°E (A₉₅=6.7°), 磁倾角浅化校正后的古地磁极为53.5°N, 18.0°E。对包括本文数据在内的高质量的华北早三叠世古地磁极数据(Q≥4)进行平均, 得到校正前的古地磁极为55.3°N, 357.1°E (A₉₅=5.5°), 校正后的古地磁极为60.8°N, 13.4°E (A₉₅=5.8°)。经过古地磁倾角浅化校正, 华北地块早三叠世的古纬度有约10°的明显提高, 指示其东部早三叠世时与华南地块之间可能存在一定的纬度差, 但是该纬度差很可能并不代表华北地块东部早三叠世时与华南地块尚未对接, 而是指示华南地块下三叠统灰岩同样存在显著的磁倾角浅化现象。     

广西金线鲃属鱼类一新种记述

根据采集自广西壮族自治区南丹县和环江县境内的5尾标本鉴定描记了金线鲃属Sinocyclocheilus 1新种,斑点金线鲃Sinocyclocheilus punctatus sp.nov..其形态特征:背鳍末根不分枝,鳍条变粗,下部强硬,后缘具强锯齿;背鳍起点明显后于腹鳍起点,分枝鳍条8;口端位;胸鳍长,后伸超过腹鳍起点;吻须短,后伸不达眼前缘;身体被细鳞,侧线鳞明显比侧线上、下鳞大;侧线鳞45~50;第一鳃弓外侧鳃耙7~8枚;头背面和侧线上半部体侧和背部散布不规则的黑色斑点.这些组合特征可以将新种与同属的其他种区别开来.     

Bird-like fossil footprints from the Late Triassic

The study of fossilized footprints and tracks of dinosaurs and other vertebrates has provided insight into the origin, evolution and extinction of several major groups and their behaviour; it has also been an important complement to their body fossil record. The known history of birds starts in the Late Jurassic epoch (around 150 Myr ago) with the record of Archaeopteryx, whereas the coelurosaurian ancestors of the birds date back to the Early Jurassic. The hind limbs of Late Triassic epoch theropods lack osteological evidence for an avian reversed hallux and also display other functional differences from birds. Previous references to suggested Late Triassic to Early Jurassic bird-like footprints have been reinterpreted as produced by non-avian dinosaurs having a high angle between digits II and IV and in all cases their avian affinities have been challenged. Here we describe well-preserved and abundant footprints with clearly avian characters from a Late Triassic redbed sequence of Argentina, at least 55 Myr before the first known skeletal record of birds. These footprints document the activities, in an environment interpreted as small ponds associated with ephemeral rivers, of an unknown group of Late Triassic theropods having some avian characters.     

拉马克月见草(Oenothera Lamarckinan Ser)营养器官解剖构造的研究(Ⅱ)茎的解剖构造

具有特殊生理活性的r—亚麻酸(GLA)为月见草种子油所特有。为开发月见草这一新油料植物资源,本文对拉马克月见草茎的解剖构造进行了研究。其结构分表皮层、皮层和维管柱三部分。表皮层上有表皮细胞、单细胞腺毛、单细胞表皮毛、多细胞表皮毛和毛茛型气孔,皮层较窄,同化层3—5层细胞,皮层薄壁组织中有针晶细胞,皮层外周由3—5层厚角组织细胞构成连续层,内皮层不显著;维管柱与皮层的界限难以划分。幼茎中初生维管组织排列成束,为双韧维管束。韧皮部合有筛管、伴细胞和韧皮薄壁组织细胞。横切面上筛管与伴细胞常聚集成小堆。内生韧皮部含有较多的针晶细胞。次生生长时,外生韧皮部的外方有成束分布的韧皮纤维。木质部由管导、管胞、木薄壁组织细胞和木纤维组成。老茎的维管组织排列成圆筒形。具单列和多列维管射线。髓大型。     

A detailed Lower Triassic conodont biostratigraphy and its implications for the GSSP candidate of the Induan–Olenekian boundary in Chaohu, Anhui Province

Chaohu is located in a deep part of carbonate ramp on the Lower Yangtze Block, which belonged to the low-latitude eastern Tethyan archipelago during the Early Triassic. Fossils were very rich in the Lower Triassic of Chaohu. Bivalves, ammonoids, conodonts were very common throughout the Lower Triassic, while fish fossils were generally rich in some beds of the upper part. It is one of the most typical sections for the Early Triassic chronostratigraphy in the world. Although various fossils had been studied in the 1980s and 1990s, recent studies based upon new and more detailed collections from the Lower Triassic of Chaohu showed that the conodont zonation needs revision. We collected Lower Triassic conodont fossils from continuous sections of the West Pingdingshan, North Pingdingshan and South Majiashan, Chaohu, Anhui Province, and updated zonations were made for each section. Eight conodont zones have been distinguished. They are, in ascending order, Hindeodus typicalis zone, Neogondolella krystyni zone, Neospathodus kummeli zone, Neospathodus dieneri zone, Neospathodus waageni zone, Neospathodus pingdingshanensis zone, Neospathodus homeri zone, and Neospathodus anhuinensis zone. The first occurrence of Neospathodus waageni eowaageni of the N. w. eowaageni subzone （i.e. the base of the N. waageni zone） is suggested as the marker to define the Induan-Olenekian boundary.     

New Early Triassic paleomagnetic data from Huangben section, Guangdong and its tectonic implications

Continent China is composed of several blocks of variable sizes during different geological times, inwhich South China Block is composed of three tectonic units: Yangtze Block, Jiangnan Fold Belt and Southeast China Coastal Fold Belt (Fig. 1(a)), the last…     

云南省东部罗平地区晚三叠世卡尼期菊石生物地层

描述了产于云南省东部罗平地区牛补歹剖面上三叠统“法郎组”瓦窑段菊石带Trachyceras multitube- rculatum带之上地层中的菊石4属8种(含1比较种和3未定种), 其中Trachyceras aonoides, Simonyceras simonyi系国内首次报道。 依据各物种组合特征及其地层分布情况, 自下而上识别出菊石Trachyceras aonoides带和Austrotrachyceras triadicum带, 时代上大致对应晚三叠世早卡尼期的中晚期。