地形Rossby波相速和稳定性数值计算

目的 利用考虑地形影响的浅水波模式研究地形坡度对地形Rossby波相速和稳定性的影响。方法 对特征值问题形式的卢平面通道内波动控制方程离散化后进行数值计算，求出地形Rossby波相速和增长率的数值解。结果 地形坡度越大，扰动波长越长，地形Rossby波相速越慢，当扰动波长和地形坡度大于一定值后，地形：Rossby波将呈现准定常特征，甚至出现向西传播。结论 考虑了地形坡度作用以后，地形Rossby波相速将减小，并且有可能出现不稳定增长，最不稳定波长随基本气流强度的增强而增加，当基本气流流速为10m／s(20m／s)时，最不稳定波长约为2400～2500km(3000km)。     

地形对涡旋Rossby波影响的研究

用一个高分辨率的准地转正压模式,分析了中尺度理想地形面上空涡旋Rossby波(VRW)的传播问题.指出,地形对VRW的传播速度,台风中心位置及台风内区的非对称结构均构成影响.据此,提出了地形涡旋Rossby波的新概念.与无地形试验相比,南(北)坡地形条件下,台风中心向偏西南(东北)方向移动.南坡、北坡地形VRW引起的台风内区非对称结构的特征正好相反,形成了两类截然不同的内区非对称结构.     

地形强迫下的Rossby波和Pseudo—Rossby波

本文在半地转近似下，用相角函数和微分方程图分析的方法，讨论了地形强迫下非线性Rossby波方程中存在Rossby波和Rseudo-Rossby波解的坡徒条件和初始场扰动条件。     

地形强迫下的Rossby波和Pseudo—Rossby波

本文在半地转近似下,用相角函数和常微分方程相图分析的方法,讨论了地形强迫下非线性Rossby波方程中存在Rossby波和Pseudo-Rossby波解的坡陡条件和初始场扰动条件.     

地形及标量非线性作用下的Rossby孤立波机制研究

地形及标量非线性作用下的Rossby孤立波具有不同的演化机制,为理解及解释实际大气运动提供了一定的理论依据。首先,从具有球面效应下的地转平衡和浅水模型出发,利用尺度分析等手段得到了具有标量非线性项意义下的位势涡度守恒方程。其次,利用多重尺度及摄动展开法,推导了非线性Rossby孤立波振幅演变所满足的Gardner方程。通过定性分析及定量数值计算模拟了Rossby孤立波的生成、发展过程。揭示了地形、标量非线性在Rossby孤立波的激发和传播中有着重要作用。     

岛屿地形对涡旋Rossby波传播影响的研究

首先在静止基本状态下,从线性f平面极坐标浅水方程出发,利用WKB方法求解方程,在理论上给出了一类由于地形βeff作用引起的Rosbby波的传播特征解,此类Rossby波类似于涡旋Rossby波(VRW),其中地形βeff作用与台风涡旋基态的垂直相对涡度径向梯度作用相似,此分析解可帮助理解地形对涡旋Rossby波的影响作用.在此基础上,利用一个高分辨率的浅水模式具体讨论了圆形、类似于台湾岛屿椭圆地形对VRW传播以及结构特征变化的影响.结果表明,地形对VRW的传播速度,台风内区的非对称结构的变化均构成影响.当台风位于地形东南一定距离处,与无地形相比,涡量向内向外传播均增强,扰动能量增大,涡量环绕地形中心沿等高线顺时针方向移动,局域风速增大,并形成尺度为几十公里左右的强局域风速区,平均风速减小.     

大气中非线性Rossby波和Pseudo—Rossby——(Ⅱ)斜压大气情形

本文利用文(1)中的方法,讨论了半地转近似下斜压Rossby波的存在和求解问题,分析表明,在描述Rossby波的方程中,除了具有通常意义的Rossby波解外,还存在一支Pseudo—Rossby波解.     

大气中的非线性Rossby波和Pseudo-Rossby波——(Ⅰ)正压大气情形

本文利用相角函数和常微分方程相轨线分析方法,讨论了半地转近似下正压Rossby波的存在和求解问题;结果表明:在描述Rossby波的方程中,除了具有通常意义的Rossby波解外,还存在一支Pseudo-Rossby波解;而且正压Rossby波的频率对一定的波动有一确定上界,这个上界由大气平均厚度与地理纬度确定;同时也分析了波动特征参量与拟能及地理参数间的关系.     

带β项的非线性涡旋Rossby波的演变过程

利用多重尺度摄动法,推导出当考虑Rossby参数β作用时,非线性涡旋Rossby波的波包振幅的演化方程是非线性的Schrodinger方程．对受Rossby参数β影响的涡旋Rossby波的本征值问题进行分析,指出Rossby参数β对涡旋Rossby波传播的影响．     

Determination of vertical gradient of gravity anomaly with topographic data

The role of vertical gradient of gravlty anomaly in the solution and interpretation of geological and geophysical problems on superficial layer is increasingly evident. However, it is difficult to directly observe the vertical gradient of gravity anomaly in mountainous area. Moreover, aerial and satellite gravity gradient measurments have not been put into practice up to date yet. The vertical gradient of gravity anomaly is calculated by use of topographic data and several problems concerned are investigated and discussed. It turns out in theory and practice that the relative error of the vertical gradient determined with the method is only 5%. and when the vertical gradient of gravrty anomaly reaches the maximum 1 000 ns⁻², the error is only 50 ns⁻². In addition, how to divide ring zones in calculation and the errors caused by the inaccuracy of landform elevation and rock density has been quantitatively analysed.     

A semi-analytical model for the propagation of Rossby waves in slowly varying flow

Instead of using complicated general circulation models (GCMs), a simple semi-analytical model based on ray theory has been used to study energy evolution and ray path of Rossby waves in slowly varying mean flows. Our model yields similar results to those calculated from barotropic models, and also provides a chance to study Rossby waves in the slowly varying flows with both vertical and meridional shears. The model results show that upward Rossby waves can only grow in westerlies, and decay when further ascend. The baroclinic Rossky waves are restrained by the β effect in lower latitude. In the westerly jet with meridional and vertical shears, the barotropic Rossby waves originated from south of the westerly jet, and these can grow while propagating upper-northward. The baroclinic Rossby waves originated from north of the westerly jet and can grow while propagating upward and southward. Such a semi-analytical model provides a simple forecasting tool to allow study of the local weather anomalies to the heating/topography forcing associated with the global warming.     

中度振幅浅水波模型的行波解

本文利用平面动力系统定性分析方法研究了一个中度振幅单向传播的浅水波模型的行波解.根据可积系统的动力学性质,本文讨论了该模型行波系统的分岔,进而得到了光滑孤立波解,周期波解,周期尖波解,紧孤立波解,扭波解及反扭波解的存在条件,并给出了这些解的精确表达形式.进一步,利用数学软件Maple 18,本文给出了这些有界行波解的数值模拟.     

Features of the EAP events on the medium-range evolution process and the mid- and high-latitude Rossby wave activities during the Meiyu period

In this paper, features for the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific （EAP） events and their association with high- and mid-latitude Rossby waves during the Meiyu period are analyzed on the medium-range time scale, it is shown that life cycles of the positive and negative EAP events cannot be simply regarded as ＂mirror＂ each other. In the upper troposphere, downward propagations of Rossby wave packets both over high- and mid-latitude regions of Eurasian continent and over the Asian jet region are responsible for generating basic patterns of high- and mid-latitude anomaly centers of the events. In this layer, Rossby wave packets also propagate from the mid-latitude anomaly center to the high-latitude one. In the middle and lower troposphere, the formation of the subtropical anomaly center of the event is mainly attributed to the anomalous convective activity in the tropical Pacific warm pool. The northward Rossby wave energy dispersion from this center is favorable to the enhancement and maintenance of the mid-latitude anomaly center in the same layer. Finally, it might be hypothesized that typical features of the positive and negative EAP events in their mature phase result from the interaction between （or phase-locking of） respective anomalous circulations induced both by quasi-zonal Rossby wave packets embedded in upper troposphere westerly and by quasi-meridional Rossby wave packets in the background flow of the East Asian summer monsoon in the middle and lower troposphere.     

一种基于单片机数字式调幅波信号发生器

分析了调幅波形成的数学原理,结合单片机设计了一种数字式调幅波信号发生器,并给出硬件连线图、软件初始程序和相应的程序流程图,可实现频率20Hz～20KHz,分辨率为1Hz。     

梯度优化的多尺度视频光流估计

提出一种基于梯度优化的不同运动幅度视频图像光流估计的新算法。先用Loggabor滤波器对原视频图像进行相位、尺度滤波,再用所得的特征图像来计算时空梯度,最后根据时空梯度计算光流。该算法模型同时运用由粗到精的图像金字塔方法对视频图像分层处理。理论分析和实验结果表明,该算法适用于大幅度的视频运动光流估计,不仅能得到适合人眼视觉分辨率特性的图像,而且使时空梯度更加优化,光流计算更准确。并且在时间复杂度上与传统光流计算方法相当,在计算精度上优于Horn和Schunck、段先华等人提出的算法。     

调幅波调制噪声的单模激光随机共振

将噪声和调幅波以相乘的形式引入到单模激光系统,用调幅波调制色抽运噪声,采用线性化近似方法计算了由色抽运噪声和色量子噪声驱动下的光强相关函数,通过对相关函数的傅里叶变换,得到光强的功率谱及信噪比.结果表明:信噪比随着抽运噪声自关联时间τ1和载波信号频率ω的变化均出现了广义随机共振;当抽运噪声自关联时间τ1大于某一值时,信噪比R是正值,R随τ1的增大出现一个极大值,即出现随机共振现象;信号和噪声引入形式不同,随机共振的形式也不同.     

流域基本单元汇流研究

推导了V形基本单元的面积-时间曲线,即得到了其地貌瞬时单位线,继而求出其时段单位线,再与净雨卷积,即可求得流域基本单元的汇流过程.以星丰流域为例,进行了流域基本单元汇流计算,得到了令人满意的结果.这在一定程度上促进了流域汇流理论的发展,必将在推进水资源开发利用、洪水预报、水污染防治以及湿地生态保护等方面表现出重要的理论意义和应用价值.     

特低渗油藏渗流阻力梯度的非线性特征

根据边界层理论,运用三次函数形式对特低渗岩心试验曲线进行拟合分析,在此基础上,运用微分线性描述方法,建立考虑边界层及启动压力梯度影响的特低渗储层渗流阻力梯度的数学模型,得到渗流阻力梯度与驱替压力梯度及渗透率的关系图版.结果表明,渗流阻力梯度随驱替压力梯度增加而降低,随渗透率减小而增大,且渗透率越小,渗流阻力梯度增幅越大,其非线性变化特征越明显.