植物硝酸盐转运蛋白功能及表达调控研究进展

植物硝酸盐转运蛋白不仅能够吸收、运转硝态氮,而且在植物其他生理过程中也发挥重要作用.重点介绍了硝酸盐转运蛋白在氮素吸收运转、硝酸盐积累、侧根发育、激素运转以及逆境响应调控等方面的最新研究进展,并概括了硝酸盐转运蛋白的表达调控模式.     

丛枝菌根真菌对氮素的吸收作用和机制

丛枝菌根真菌可以与绝大多数陆生植物共生,它可以吸收铵态氮、硝态氮、一些氨基酸和一些复杂的有机氮素,吸收的氮素在根外菌丝中转化成精氨酸,并以这种形式运输到根内菌丝,在根内菌丝和根细胞界面,精氨酸再进一步转化为NH4^＋后转移到宿主植物体,参与植物氮素代谢,而转移的氮量及对宿主植物氮营养的贡献与宿主植物、真菌以及基质养分和水分条件有关．     

氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长及根系生理特性的影响

在水培条件下分别施用铵态氮、硝态氮、酰胺态氮及20%铵态氮+80%酰胺态氮,研究了3种氮素形态4种处理对小麦苗期生长、根系生理特性及氮素积累的影响。研究结果表明:氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长有显著的影响,在硝态氮处理下,小麦叶重、总生物量最高,日增重高于铵态氮34.5%;硝态氮肥可以提高根干重和根冠比,并可提高根系中的可溶性糖、硝酸还原酶(NRA)活性,氮素吸收效率和偏生产率最高。较好地印证了在水培条件下,小麦喜好硝态氮营养,硝态氮的增效优于其他氮素形态,混合氮源次之,铵态氮略高于酰胺态氮,但两者差异不显著。     

甜玉米对氮素的吸收

采用"银皇后"以氮--50％硝态氮、50％铵态氮的比率!在溶液中栽培生长,从而确定甜玉米生长周期中对氮素吸收的数量和氮素需要的时期。硝态氮和铵态氮的吸收作用同玉米的抽雄时期相类似。当抽雄时期,硝态氮比铵态氮吸收的比率较大。然而,当果穗形成期,铵态氮比硝态氮吸收的比率较高。当抽雄--果穗形成期氮的吸收占整个生长周期总计氮素吸收的60％时,进行氮素需要的估价。这些结果表明,采用"银皇后"由于氮素吸收相关比率和特殊生长时期,施用氮素化肥能够获得较大的效应。     

香根草对不同形态氮吸收动力学特性研究

对香根草不同形态氮素吸收动力学特性进行了研究,其吸附曲线均符合Michaelis-Menten酶动力学方程,采用Hofstee转化式对实验数据进行处理,得出以下结论： 1)香根草对铵态氮的亲和力小于对硝态氮的亲和力(Km铵态氮＜Km硝态氮),说明香根草有优先吸收硝态氮的趋势; 2)香根草对铵态氮的最大吸收速率Vmax为6.3479 μmol·g－1·h－1,对硝态氮的最大吸收速率Vmax为2.2219 μmol·g－1·h－1,Vmax铵态氮＞Vmax硝态氮,表明香根草对铵态氮的净化速率大于对硝态氮的净化速率;3)对于富营养化水平较高的水体修复,香根草具有更高的效率,可以将Michaelis-Menten动力学模型应用于不同营养化水体修复植物的选择.     

菠菜AMT基因家族鉴定与表达分析

铵态氮转运蛋白（AMT）负责铵态氮的吸收与转运,对植物的生长和发育起重要的调节作用.对菠菜SoAMT基因家族进行了基因组鉴定、生物信息学分析、组织表达谱及氮素响应表达谱分析,结果表明：菠菜基因组中共存在6个AMT的基因,包括5个AMT1成员和1个AMT2成员,主要分布在1,4,5,6条染色体上,编码区长度为1 443~15 06 bp;6个SoAMT蛋白均包含AMT基因家族特有的保守结构域及保守基序,含有9~11个跨膜结构域;SoAMT启动子含有较多茉莉酸、厌氧胁迫响应元件.SoAMT基因在根、叶、柄中均有表达,大部分SoAMT1亚家族成员受缺氮、硝态氮或铵态氮诱导表达,而SoAMT2基因表达量受铵态氮抑制.两类亚家族成员不同的氮响应模式,可能与其在氮素响应中的不同作用有关.     

氮源对杜鹃花菌根真菌氮吸收及硝酸还原酶活性的影响

采用菌丝干重法、半微量凯氏定氮法和磺胺比色法分别测定了HD19、ZT13和D1 3个树粉孢属杜鹃花菌根真菌菌株在铵态氮、硝态氮和有机氮培养基中的生物量、含氮量和硝酸还原酶活性。结果表明:3个菌株在3种氮源培养基中生长良好,而且无机氮培养基中菌株生物量和氮吸收量均显著高于有机氮培养基; 其中菌株HD19在硝态氮培养基中氮吸收量显著高于铵态氮,而菌株ZT13和D1在铵态氮培养基中氮吸收量较高; 菌株在硝态氮培养基中硝酸还原酶活性均较高,说明树粉孢属杜鹃花菌根真菌不仅具有较好的利用硝态氮的能力,还可以吸收利用其他形态的氮源,外源硝态氮可以诱导该类真菌硝酸还原酶活性的提高。     

3种入侵菊科植物对入侵域土壤肥力的影响

为探寻入侵植物与本地植物竞争是否存在一定的规律性,研究了黄顶菊、三叶鬼针草、豚草3种菊科植物与本地不同植物(狗尾草、藜、草木樨)竞争,对土壤酶活性和土壤养分的影响.结果显示:1)3种入侵植物对可利用氮的利用能力显著高于本地植物,且三叶鬼针草、豚草单种对氮素的利用能力要强于黄顶菊;3种入侵植物所需速效钾的含量较低;2)入侵植物对土壤生态的影响还与入侵域本地植物种类密切相关:3种入侵植物与狗尾草竞争过程中脲酶活性显著升高,入侵植物利用铵态氮的能力要强于硝态氮,3种入侵植物与藜竞争,入侵植物利用硝态氮的能力要强于铵态氮,有机碳含量呈上升趋势.3种入侵植物与草木樨竞争,速效钾含量显著升高.黄顶菊、三叶鬼针草、豚草入侵可以改变土壤养分和土壤酶活性,创造对自身生长有利的土壤环境,并借此增强其竞争能力.     

氮素对印楝愈伤组织和悬浮细胞培养的影响

通过改变印楝组织培养基中硝态氮与铵态氮物质的量比,并与培养物的生物量、可溶性蛋白含量、印楝素、柠檬苦素含量相关联,探讨了MS培养基中氮素对印楝愈伤组织和悬浮细胞培养的影响.实验结果表明:在印楝的愈伤组织培养过程中,当硝态氮与铵态氮物质的量比为4∶1时,生物量、可溶性蛋白含量、印楝素以及柠檬苦素含量均达到最大积累量;在悬浮细胞培养的过程中,当硝态氮与铵态氮物质的量比为3∶1时,可溶性蛋白含量、印楝素以及柠檬苦素含量达到最高,而在2∶1时生物量达到最大.因此,印楝组织培养的不同阶段应该采用不同形式氮素比例的培养基,只有这样才能获得最佳的目标培养物.     

太湖地区水稻节水灌溉与氮素淋失

通过田间试验探讨有效的农田氮素水体污染防治途径。研究表明,节水灌溉（湿润灌溉）情况下渗漏水中总氮浓度、氮素渗漏量、氮素渗漏损失代价均随着施氮量的增加而增加,渗漏水中3种形态的氮素（硝态氮、铵态氮和有机氮）以硝态氮为主,铵态氮和有机氮占的比例较低;和常规灌溉相比,相同施氮处理（264.75kg/hm^2)采用节水灌溉时稻谷增产4.1%,氮肥当季利用率提高3%、氮素渗漏量下降8.9kg/hm^2,水稻节水灌溉是当前降低太湖地区水体氮素污染行之有效的重要措施之一。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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