人类活动和自然因素在阿拉善盟荒漠化过程中的相对作用

使用MODIS和TRMM遥感资料定量研究荒漠化两大驱动因素的相对作用,得到以下结果:近些年荒漠化加重区域主要分布在额济纳旗和阿拉善左旗,零星地分布在阿拉善右旗,荒漠化加重区域占阿拉善盟土地总面积的22.6%;在荒漠化加重区域,人类活动对植被生长的影响是负面的,即人类活动促进了该区域荒漠化加重.将2000-2012年分为3个时段:第1时段(2000-2004年)、第2时段(2005-2008年)和第3时段(2009-2012年),第1-2时段和第2-3时段,人类活动是引起阿拉善荒漠化加重的主导诱因,相对作用达到60.6%~62.1%.     

基于3S技术的南北方典型区荒漠化演变特征对比研究

以MODIS遥感影像为数据源,运用南北方荒漠化典型区的地表反照率和植被指数建立Albedo-NDVI特征空间,从而构建荒漠化遥感监测模型,提取2005—2015年间土地荒漠化动态信息,在此基础上研究荒漠化时空演变特征。研究表明:(1)南北典型区重度荒漠化面积比重小,轻度荒漠化面积比重大;(2)近10年,南北典型区荒漠化土地总面积逐年递减;(3)北方坝上荒漠化程度不断的加重,局部地区持续恶化;南方都阳山东南部荒漠化程度不断的减弱,生态状况有所好转。     

基于荒漠化差值指数的荒漠绿洲过渡带土地沙化研究

沙化过程对土地质量影响很大,沙化过程动态监测是了解沙化过程的有效途径之一。以1991年、2001年和2011年LandSat TM遥感影像为数据来源,通过荒漠化差值指数法对腾格里沙漠东南缘格林滩绿洲20年间沙化土地进行动态监测及分析。结果表明:Albedo-NDVI特征空间荒漠化监测模型对于沙化土地分级便捷可行; 1991年至2011年间格林滩绿洲重度沙化土地和中度沙化土地面积呈减少趋势,轻度沙化土地和非沙化土地有所增加;中度沙化土地和重度沙化土地之间相互转化,且与其他类型土地之间也存在相互转移,主要转出为轻度沙化土地。研究区东部林地面积明显增加,南部和北部中度沙化土地逐渐转为轻度沙化土地,研究结果对当地生态恢复具有一定的实践指导意义。     

浅析塔里木河下游土地荒漠化现状

荒漠化是人为强烈活动和脆弱的生态环境相互作用的结果,是人地关系矛盾的产物.塔里木河下游是我国土地荒漠化最严重的地区之一.本文主要通过遥感和地理信息系统等软件,对塔里木河下游土地荒漠化的现状进行了分析,并得出了结论:在塔里木河下游的荒漠化土地中,荒漠化类型以风蚀荒漠和盐漠为主;荒漠化程度以极重度荒漠为主.另外,还根据塔里木河下游的实际情况,提出了荒漠化整治的具体措施.     

基于"3S"技术的艾比湖地区荒漠化现状分析

选取荒漠化问题突出的艾比湖地区作为研究区,采用2004年遥感TM影像,通过ERDAS软件处理,再运用GIS分析手段,综合土地利用图、地形图和其他资料形成艾比湖地区的荒漠化现状图.结果显示,艾比湖地区荒漠化土地类型的比例为未荒漠化占12.39%,微度荒漠化占12.56%,轻度荒漠化占24.87%,中度荒漠化占27.95%,重度荒漠化占22.23%.由于治理有方及降水有所增加,最近荒漠化速度有所放缓,但任务还很繁重.总之,荒漠化发展的原因是自然因素与人为因素共同作用的结果.     

应用MODIS数据进行土壤盐渍化评价方法研究

土壤盐渍化是土地荒漠化的主要成因和表现形式,是一个世界性的资源问题和生态问题,给人类社会带来了严重的经济损失和生态危害.探讨了利用中分辨率遥感数据,对区域性盐渍化土壤进行分类评价的方法.以银川平原为例,选用分辨率为500 m的MODIS遥感影像数据,运用非监督图像分类方法中的ISODATA算法,对该区域的土壤盐渍化程度和分布状况进行定性和定量的评价分析.分析结果表明,在银川平原区内,非盐渍化土面积约4 088.50 km2,重度盐渍化土面积约170.00 km2,中度盐渍化土面积约659.00 km2,轻度盐渍化土面积约1 653.50 km2.与实际调查资料对比,得出本次分类结果精确度为77.6%.     

重庆巫山县喀斯特石漠化与土地覆被关系研究

基于重庆市巫山县2010 年的石漠化和土地覆被数据，运用 ArcGIS 空间分析和叠置分析定量研究了巫山县各区不同等级石漠化中土地覆被的分布规律和不同覆被的石漠化发生率。研究表明：土地覆被所占比例最高的是林地 53.71%，其次是草地 25.06%，耕地 16.13%；石漠化发生主要是潜在石漠化 26.36%、轻度石漠化 9.89%、中度石漠化 13.78%；不同程度石漠化中的土地覆被分布规律不同，轻度石漠化中耕地占11.61%，中度石漠化中草地占 30.84%，强度石漠化中林地占 62.53%，极强度石漠化中其它占 4.21%；不同土地覆被类型的石漠化发生率存在较为明显的差异，林地、草地、湿地、其它分别有 14.48%、16.96%、9.89%、22.79%的面积发生中度石漠化，耕地、人工表面分别有 7.11%、7.85%的面积发生轻度石漠化；不同强度的石漠化与不同的土地覆被类型有着一定的相关性，但这种相关性因区域不同而具有差异性。
     

坝上及邻区荒漠化土地地质特征与荒漠化防治

目的研究坝上及邻区荒漠化类型与特征,提出防治对策。方法利用TM卫星遥感解译并结合野外调查,研究荒漠化类型、区域分布与地质特征;通过样品采集与室内分析,研究不同类型与级别荒漠化的粒度特征。结果提出了该地区荒漠化地质成因分类,包括风力作用下的以堆积作用为主的沙漠化和以侵蚀作用为主的砾漠化,以及物理化学作用下的土地盐渍化。不同类型和等级的荒漠化土地沉积物具有明显不同的粒度组成,轻度沙漠化和砾漠化以及盐渍化(湖相沉积)土地的细粒物质含量相对更高,<63μm的颗粒含量可达90%以上,在风暴来临时具有更大的沙尘释放潜力;相反,严重沙漠化和砾漠化土地的细粒物质含量相对较低,<63μm的颗粒含量通常低于30%,同等条件下释放沙尘潜力也较小。结论在重视保护和治理已经严重荒漠化土地的同时,更应该重视正在发生荒漠化的或者潜在荒漠化的土地的保护,尤其是重视保护湿地、裸露的湖泊滩地和干涸的湖盆等,才能有效减少沙尘暴的物质来源。     

孔雀河下游衰退河岸林的沙漠化分析

依据实地勘察资料,分析了孔雀河下游生态退化特征及其沙漠化发生的可能性,为荒漠河岸生态系统恢复与整治提供重要参考.结果表明:(1)河道断流,残留表水水质恶化,远离水源地的断面土壤退化严重、土壤养分含量低;存留胡杨以成年木较多,顺沿河道方向胡杨死亡率呈现增加趋势,胡杨的聚群分布差异越大;(2)衰退河岸林的生境类型可分为绿洲-荒漠过渡类(Ⅰ)、轻度荒漠化类(Ⅱ)、盐土荒漠化类(Ⅲ)三种类型;决策树模型显示,胡杨是沙漠化发生与否的重要影响因素,胡杨盖度小于1%发生轻度沙漠化的可能达16.7%、发生重度沙漠化的可能性达83.3%.     

放牧干扰下群落土壤C/N值与草原退化

干扰是有意义的生态学现象,放牧是人类对草地的主要干扰方式之一[1]。本文根据轻度、中度、重度不同放牧梯度上草原群落土壤C、N含量变化,揭示草原群落土壤C/N比与草原荒漠化的关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with