热输入对深海X70粗晶区组织和韧性的影响

为解决深海X70管线钢在实际焊接中粗晶区(CGHAZ)的脆化问题,在不同热循环工艺下对X70管线钢进行了热模拟研究。采用Gleeble-3800热模拟机模拟X70管线钢CGHAZ,研究CGHAZ在10～60 kJ/cm不同热输入(HI)条件下组织和韧性的变化规律,并通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和夏比冲击试验等手段表征CGHAZ的组织和韧性。结果表明,不同热输入下试验钢的组织主要由粒状贝氏体(GB)、贝氏体铁素体(BF)和马-奥组元(M-A组元)组成;当HI不断增大时,BF比例减少,GB比例增加,M-A组元粗化,冲击吸收能先升高再降低;当HI为20 kJ/cm时,BF和GB可获得优异组合,断口为韧性断裂,冲击吸收能达到173.8 J;当HI大于20 kJ/cm时,断口解离断裂,冲击吸收能下降明显,最低为18.8 J。因此,较低的热输入可提高CGHAZ的韧性,使X70管线钢具有高强度、高韧性和良好的焊接性。研究结果可为优化焊接工艺提供理论依据。     

二次热循环对管线钢在役焊接粗晶区显微组织的影响

采用焊接热模拟技术、金相分析及透射电镜研究了X70管线钢在役焊接粗晶区及其经受不同峰值温度二次焊接热循环作用后热影响区各区的金相组织和精细结构. 结果表明,在役焊接粗晶区的金相组织主要是板条束贝氏体和粒状贝氏体,经历不同峰值温度的二次热循环后,组织类型没有发生变化,但各种组织的形态、大小、数量以及原奥氏体晶粒大小有些差异. 热影响区各区的主要形貌都是铁素体板条和分布在板条之间或板条基体上的M-A组元. 在役焊接粗晶区M-A组元形态以条状为主,经历二次热循环后,再热临界粗晶区的M-A组元有所细化. 再热临界粗晶区存在下贝氏体组织,且具有典型的"中脊"形貌.     

塑性形变对高强度管线钢组织与韧性的影响

通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜以及相应的力学性能测试，观察和分析了X100级管线钢塑性形变前后的微观组织及其韧性变化情况.结果表明：在相同的温度和时间条件下，随着应变量增加，针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体组织均发生形变，高密度位错在M/A岛周围积聚并形成亚晶界和晶界；形变后的晶粒变小，内部仍分布着许多亚晶界结构，且晶界的M/A组织和形变后组织内部缺陷降低了材料的冲击功；X100级管线钢在-34 °C以内的应变时效敏感系数满足要求.     

含Nb-Ti低碳微合金钢纳米碳化物析出行为

采用热膨胀仪、显微硬度计和透射电镜研究了等温温度对Nb-Ti微合金钢组织性能及析出行为的影响规律.结果表明,在不同温度下等温淬火均得到铁素体与马氏体的双相组织,且随着等温温度的降低,铁素体的体积分数逐渐增大.实验钢中存在两种主要的析出形态,分别为相间析出和弥散析出,且随着等温温度的降低,析出形态逐渐从相间析出向弥散析出转变.通过HRTEM确定相间析出碳化物具有Na Cl型晶体结构,晶格常数为0.432 nm,且与铁素体基体满足Baker-Nutting(B-N)关系.铁素体相的维氏硬度随着等温温度的降低而逐渐增大.     

超高强钢Q1100的SH-CCT曲线及粗晶热影响区组织和性能

利用焊接热模拟试验,采用热膨胀法研究了屈服强度1 100 MPa级超高强钢在平衡条件和焊接条件下的奥氏体化相变温度,结合OM,SEM观察和硬度检测结果,绘制出实验钢焊接条件下奥氏体连续冷却转变曲线(SH-CCT),研究了不同冷却速率下粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)显微组织和硬度的变化规律.采用TEM观察和Lepera腐蚀,研究不同冷速下M-A组元数量、形貌和分布情况.研究结果表明,在焊接条件下,实验钢的奥氏体化温度明显高于平衡条件下的奥氏体化相变温度;随着冷却速率增大,相继发生B,B+M和M相变,硬度逐渐上升,当冷却速率达到60℃/s时,其维氏硬度最高可达HV464.当冷却速率小于10℃/s时,开始出现M-A组元,并且随冷却速率降低,M-A组元数量增加,尺寸增大.     

焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用钢EH40热影响区组织和性能的影响

利用热模拟技术及光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用船板钢热影响区组织和性能的影响.发现模拟焊接热影响区组织主要由粒状贝氏体、铁素体和珠光体组成,且随着峰值温度和冷却时间的变化,热影响区的组织发生较大的变化;热影响区的冲击韧性总体水平较高,均在200 J以上,冲击韧性并不随着峰值温度和冷却时间的增加而单调变化;热影响区M-A岛的数量、尺寸、分布和形态影响热影响区的韧性.     

710MPa级热轧高强钢的组织性能

用1750mm热连轧机组,通过控轧控冷工艺轧制了8mm厚的高强汽车板,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对其组织与性能进行了研究.结果表明,试验钢的组织主要为细晶铁素体和分布在铁素体晶界处的碳化物;试验钢的屈服强度为650MPa左右,抗拉强度达到740MPa左右,应变硬化指数和塑性应变比分别为0.12和0.80,达到了很好的强韧性匹配;细化的铁素体晶粒及尺寸细小的TiC析出物有效提高了试验钢的强度.     

超快冷速对钒钛微合金化超高强冷轧板组织性能的影响

超高强冷轧板生产中连续退火工艺十分重要,其快冷阶段的冷却速度对产品性能有较大的影响。本文是在实验室条件下对钒钛微合金化超高强冷轧板连退冷却工艺中快冷阶段冷却速度对产品性能影响的研究,实现抗拉强度达到1 000 MPa。实验中将快冷速度设置为20,50,200,500和1 000℃/s,利用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM组织观察和力学性能测试等方法,研究发现:随着快冷速度增加,铁素体和马氏体晶粒细化,马氏体比例增加且趋于板条状;抗拉强度、屈服强度、屈强比均增加,而延伸率和强塑积不断降低。     

Effect of hot-dip galvanizing processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel

A C-Mn dual-phase steel was soaked at 800℃ for 90 s and then either rapidly cooled to 450℃ and held for 30 s (process A) or rapidly cooled to 350℃ and then reheated to 450℃ (process B) to simulate the hot-dip galvanizing process. The influence of the hot-dip galvanizing process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 600-MPa hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel (DP600) was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile tests. The results showed that, in the case of process A, the microstructure of DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, and a small amount of bainite. The granular bainite was formed in the hot-dip galvanizing stage, and martensite islands were formed in the final cooling stage after hot-dip galvanizing. By contrast, in the case of process B, the microstructure of the DP600 was composed of ferrite, martensite, bainite, and cementite. In addition, compared with the yield strength (YS) of the DP600 annealed by process A, that for the DP600 annealed by process B increased by approximately 50 MPa because of the tempering of the martensite formed during rapid cooling. The work-hardening coefficient (n value) of the DP600 steel annealed by process B clearly decreased because the increase of the YS affected the computation result for the n value. However, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (A₈₀) of the DP600 annealed by process B exhibited less variation compared with those of the DP600 annealed by process A. Therefore, DP600 with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties (YS=362 MPa, UTS=638 MPa, A₈₀=24.3%, n=0.17) was obtained via process A.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels

The microstructures and mechanical properties of C-Mn-Cr-Nb and C-Mn-Si-Nb ultra-high strength dual-phase steels were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and tensile test. The results show that Si can promote the transformation of austenite (γ) to ferrite (α), enlarge the (α+γ) region, and increase the aging stability of martensite by inhibiting carbide precipitation. Adding Cr leads to the formation of retained austenite and martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents, as well as the decomposition of martensite during the overaging stage. Both of the steels show higher initial strain-hardening rates and two-stage strain-hardening characteristics. The C-Mn-Si-Nb steel shows the higher strain-hardening rate than the C-Mn-Cr-Nb steel in the first stage; however, there is no significant difference in the second stage. Although the tensile strength and elongation of the two steels both exceed 1000 MPa and 15%, respectively, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the C-Mn-Si-Nb steel are superior.     

热轧组织对高强度冷轧TRIP钢力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、拉伸试验等方法研究了热轧组织对含Al冷轧TRIP钢热处理后组织与力学性能的影响.通过不同轧后冷却方式得到三种不同的热轧组织:组织细小的F+P+B试样;F+B试样;F+P试样.热轧组织细小的试样热处理后含有较多的粒状贝氏体和较少的残余奥氏体组织,强度最高达到996MPa,延伸率为20.8%.另两种试样组织为多边形铁素体、粒状贝氏体以及较多的残余奥氏体组织.F+B试样延伸率可达29.4%,强塑积为26 812.8 MPa·%.F+P试样热处理后带状组织的危害不易消除.     

添加或未添加 Cu?Nb 的超低碳高强度钢焊接金属的显微组织和力学性能

Two types of ultralow carbon steel weld metals (with and without added Cu?Nb) were prepared using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) to investigate the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metals. The results of microstructure characterization showed that the weld metal without Cu?Nb was mainly composed of acicular ferrite (AF), lath bainite (LB), and granular bainite (GB). In contrast, adding Cu?Nb to the weld metal caused an evident transformation of martensite and grain coarsening. Both weld metals had a high tensile strength (more than 950 MPa) and more than 17% elongation; however, their values of toughness deviated greatly, with a difference of approximately 40 J at ?50°C. Analysis of the morphologies of the fracture surfaces and secondary cracks further revealed the correlation between the microstructure and mechanical properties. The effects of adding Cu and Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld metal are discussed; the indication is that adding Cu?Nb increases the hardenability and grain size of the weld metal and thus deteriorates the toughness.     

15MnB钢强韧化新工艺及其机理研究

本文研究了15MnB 钢强韧性随淬火温度的变化规律;并通过一系列微观分析,探讨了强韧化机理.研究表明:15MnB 钢冷拔后直接进行临界点及其附近双相区淬火,强韧性优于常规淬火,在低温回火后尤为显著;低温淬火马氏体组织具有较高的强韧性主要归因于晶粒细化作用;铁素体对复相组织性能的影响取决于两相间变形的协调性,它受控于铁素体的形态与体积分数、两相强度、加载方式等多种因素.     

超快冷下X70管线钢热轧工艺及显微组织

研究了14.2 mm X70管线钢轧后经超快冷+层流冷却、层流冷却两种冷却制度后的显微组织及力学性能,讨论了超快冷+层流冷却下实验钢强韧化机制.结果表明:两种冷却制度下实验钢力学性能均满足API SPEC 5L X70要求,超快冷+层流冷却下实验钢强度、塑性及韧性较高,综合力学性能良好;不同冷却制度下显微组织均为贝氏体铁素体+针状铁素体+M-A岛混合组织,其中超快冷+层流冷却下针状铁素体、M-A岛组织更加细化;超快冷+层流冷却下实验钢主要强韧化机制为细晶强化与纳米析出强化;实验钢理想轧后冷却工艺为:820~840℃终轧+超快冷至450~500℃+层流冷却至350~400℃+卷取.     

基于动态碳配分机制的高强塑积热成形钢研究

通过直接淬火、QP、回火等工艺对一种低碳含铜钢进行热处理,并使用拉伸试验机、落锤冲击试验机、扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射、透射电镜等手段对其力学性能、显微组织和冲击性能进行表征.在连续冷却淬火过程中观察到碳在马氏体和残余奥氏体间的动态配分现象,QP处理和低温回火可改善实验钢的冲击韧性;实验钢综合力学性能良好:强塑积大于20 GPa%,抗拉强度超过1 400 MPa,延伸率约14%,室温冲击功高于40 J.结果表明,所开发的实验钢可以满足热冲压工艺对成形淬火一体化的要求,可作为具有高强塑积的热成形用钢.     

Stress-strain partitioning analysis of constituent phases in dual phase steel based on the modified law of mixture

A more accurate estimation of stress-strain relationships for martensite and ferrite was developed, and the modified law of mixture was used to investigate the stress-strain partitioning of constituent phases in dual phase (DP) steels with two different martensite volume fractions. The results show that there exist great differences in the stress-strain contribution of martensite and ferrite to DP steel. The stress-strain partitioning coefficient is not constant in the whole strain range, but decreases with increasing the true strain of DP steel. The softening effect caused by the dilution of carbon concentration in martensite with the increase of martensite volume fraction has great influence on the strain contribution of martensite. The strain ratio of ferrite to martensite almost linearly increases with increasing the true strain of DP steel when the martensite volume fraction is 22%, because martensite always keeps elastic. But the strain ratio of ferrite to martensite varies indistinctively with the further increase in true strain of DP steel above 0.034 when the martensite volume fraction is 50%, because plastic deformation happens in martensite. The stress ratio ofmartensite to ferrite decreases monotonously with increasing the true strain of DP steel whether the martensite volume fraction is 22% or 50%.     

Nb-Ti微合金化热轧多相钢的组织和性能

通过两阶段控轧和随后的三段冷却,获得了14mm厚的Nb-Ti微合金化热轧多相钢板.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和力学性能测试等手段对其组织和性能进行了研究.结果表明,试验钢的显微组织由铁素体、贝氏体和少量马氏体组成;其平均屈服强度为518MPa,抗拉强度为616MPa,延伸率高达41%;组织中大量的铁素体大角度晶界、近似等轴状铁素体晶粒和较小尺寸贝氏体束的存在,大大提高了试验钢的塑性;铁素体和贝氏体组织的细化,细小的(Nb,Ti)C粒子以及铁素体晶粒和贝氏体板条内的位错提高了试验钢的强度.     

热轧态与回火态 AH80 DB 低碳贝氏体钢组织与冲击韧性

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对热轧态和回火态AH80DB低碳贝氏体钢的显微组织、马氏体/奥氏体( M/A)岛、第二相的析出行为以及晶界取向差、有效晶粒尺寸进行研究,揭示回火后低碳贝氏体钢冲击韧性得到改善的原因.结果表明：两种试样的组织均由板条状贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体组成,其中回火态试样中针状铁素体组织较多.热轧态钢中存在较大尺寸M/A岛且呈方向性分布,大角度晶界比例占17.33%,有效晶粒尺寸为3.57μm;而回火态钢中M/A岛的尺寸较小,大角度晶界比例增加3.43%,有效晶粒尺寸减小0.56μm.热轧态钢中析出相主要是( Nb,Ti) C,尺寸在50~150 nm之间,回火态试样中析出较多细小的球状( Nb,Ti) C析出相,尺寸在10 nm左右.     

Influence of rapid heating process on the microstructure and tensile properties of high-strength ferrite-martensite dual-phase steel

Three low-carbon dual-phase (DP) steels with almost constant martensite contents of 20vol%were produced by intercritical an-nealing at different heating rates and soaking temperatures. Microstructures prepared at low temperature (1043 K, FH1) with fast-heating (300 K/s) show banded ferrite/martensite structure, whereas those soaked at high temperature (1103 K, FH2) with fast heating reveal blocky martensite uniformly distributed in the fine-grained ferrite matrix. Their mechanical properties were tested under tensile conditions and compared to a slow-heated (5 K/s) reference material (SH0). The tensile tests indicate that for a given martensite volume fraction, the yield strength and total elongation values are noticeably affected by the refinement of ferrite grains and the martensite morphology. Metallographic observations reveal the formation of microvoids at the ferrite/martensite interface in the SH0 and FH2 samples, whereas microvoids nucleate via the fracture of banded martensite particles in the FH1 specimen. In addition, analyses of the work-hardening behaviors of the DP micro-structures using the differential Crussard–Jaoul technique demonstrate two stages of work hardening for all samples.     

X80管线钢的组织与性能研究

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜等对X80级别管线钢的组织与性能进行了研究.实验结果表明,通过控轧控冷工艺轧制的16 mm厚的X80管线钢的屈服强度达到670 MPa以上时,其屈强比低于0.85,韧脆转变温度低于-60℃,达到了很好的强韧性匹配.细化的针状铁素体有效地改善了实验钢的强度及韧性.X80管线钢中存在两种典型的析出物,一种以Nb,Ti(CN)为主,尺寸较大(50~200 nm);另一种以NbC为主,尺寸细小(小于30 nm).这些纳米级析出物对钢的组织细化和强化起到了重要作用.