新型银-二氧化硅核-壳型复合纳米粒子的合成与表征

利用正四甲氧基硅在微乳液介质中的水解反应合成新型银 -二氧化硅核 -壳型复合纳米粒子 .通过化学反应调控 ,直径为 5～ 1 0 nm的金属银纳米粒子可以以单核或多核形式嵌入并分布于球型二氧化硅粒子中 .透射电子显微镜照片表明 ,该复合粒子具有高度均匀的粒径分布 .     

Au-SiO2微球复合粒子的自组装制备及表征

使用原硅酸四乙酯作为硅源,使用聚乙二醇作为软模板,并使用浓氨作为催化剂.选择沉淀法制备了二氧化硅空心微球,并用硅烷偶联剂APS对其进行表面改性,形成胺化微球.通过氯金酸作为金源的还原方法制备金溶胶.采用溶胶-凝胶法合成得到复合纳米Au-Si O2,并对其进行了表征.最终结果表明,二氧化硅微球的粒径分布均匀,粒径约为8μm,APS成功改性.制备的金纳米粒子通过静电吸附单分散并吸附在二氧化硅微球的表面上,平均粒径为约12 nm.     

稻壳灰的综合利用研究

用稻壳发电后的剩余物稻壳灰联产纳米二氧化硅和高档活性炭,使稻壳的利用率大于90%.采用氢氧化钠为稻壳灰的硅碳分离处理剂,分离后的滤液采用改良沉淀法制备纳米二氧化硅.滤液中通入二氧化碳作为成核剂,在滤液中形成微小晶种,然后再加入硫酸进行沉淀.所制得的纳米二氧化硅分散均匀,粒径为20 nm左右.废液制备出长度40～150μm,直径为0.5～1μm的硫酸钙晶须.分离后滤渣在高温下用氢氧化钠进行活化,得到比表面积1140 m2/g,碘吸附值为1072 mg/g的活性炭产品,洗液可以循环到稻壳灰硅碳分离步骤中使用.     

硅溶胶粒径和分散性的影响因素

采用硅粉催化水解工艺,以硅粉为原料,无机碱做催化剂,制备出粒径分布均匀的单分散二氧化硅胶体.通过考察催化剂种类、用量,硅粉投料方式及温度等对二氧化硅胶体的粒径和性质的影响,探索制备此类硅溶胶的最佳条件.结果表明:用硅粉催化水解法制得的二氧化硅胶体呈现出很好的稳定性;在一次性投料、投料温度为85℃,碱性pH值,制备的二氧化硅胶体性能最好.     

表面活性剂对球形二氧化硅制备的影响

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,氨水调节体系pH值,采用沉淀法制备二氧化硅微球。考察了聚乙二醇、曲拉通X-100、吐温-80等非离子表面活性剂对二氧化硅微球形貌的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）以及X射线衍射对其进行表征。结果表明,表面活性剂的种类不同,加入量不同,可制备出粒径范围在80～600nm左右的光滑的二氧化硅微球。     

改进StÖber法合成粒径精确控制的二氧化硅纳米粒子(英)

改进了Stber方法合成粒径介于90 nm至200 nm之间的且粒径精确可控的纳米二氧化硅粒子.利用透射电镜（TEM）和动态光散射技术（DLS）研究了原硅酸乙酯的用量、溶剂、催化剂的用量以及搅拌速度对二氧化硅粒子大小及分散性的影响.结果显示这些因素对粒子的粒径以及粒径分布具有重要影响.利用该改进的方法合成的200 nm以下的二氧化硅粒子具有极窄的粒径分布,透射电镜显示某一粒径分布下的粒子粒径分布均匀, 粒径变化可控制在20 nm以下.     

超细SiO2颗粒废料的表面改性

以通信光纤生产中产生的超细二氧化硅颗粒废料为原料,经水纯化处理后,用硅烷类偶联剂对其表面进行化学改性.傅立叶红外光谱和热重分析结果表明,改性后的超细二氧化硅颗粒表面的硅羟基吸收峰明显减小,热失重增加,表明其与硅烷类偶联剂发生了化学键合;激光光散射和扫描电字显微镜的测定结果发现,改性后的超细二氧化硅颗粒粒径减小,颗粒分散性大大提高,在电镜照片中无明显的大团聚体,表明超细二氧化硅颗粒表面键合了疏水性有机分子链,疏水性增强,达到了改性目的,为超细二氧化硅废料的回收利用提供了广阔的市场.     

石墨纤维表面的微观结构及其对物理吸附性能的影响

采用多种分析测试手段对石墨纤维表面的微观结构进行表征,并分析其表面微观结构对物理吸附性能的影响。研究表明：石墨纤维呈圆柱形,表面较光滑,结构较均匀,缺陷较少,单丝直径约为14～20 μm,纯度约为97.69 at％;石墨纤维具有类石墨结构,石墨微晶的层间距、晶粒尺寸和石墨化度分别为0.3402 nm、14.5 nm、44.19 %,拉曼光谱R值为1.2;石墨纤维含有较丰富的微孔结构,总比表面积、微孔比表面积、总孔体积、微孔体积、平均孔径和微孔孔径分别为537.02 m2/g、535.02 m2/g、0.2430 cm3/g、0.2368 cm3/g、1.8100 nm、1.1702 nm,是一种有工业前景的吸附材料;石墨纤维的物理吸附性能与其表面处理、晶体结构、表面结构和孔隙结构等有关,主要由微孔决定,是可以被用作于储氢的碳材料。     

利用廉价硅酸盐为硅源合成微米级球形介孔二氧化硅

利用廉价的硅酸盐为二氧化硅前驱体,以非离子和阳离子表面活性剂为混合模板剂合成微米级的介孔二氧化硅,控制非离子和阳离子表面活性剂的量可以得到分散性较好的介孔二氧化硅球,并用SEM,XRD以及N2吸附-脱附,对所得介孔二氧化硅材料的宏观形貌和微观结构进行了表征。讨论了2种表面活性剂的比例对介孔二氧化硅形貌的影响,并用混合模板机理解释了球形介孔材料形成的原因。     

空心CdS纳米晶的合成及发光性能研究

以氯化镉和硫化钠为原料,在水相体系中合成CdS纳米晶,通过透射电子显微镜观察发现,在100℃下合成的CdS纳米晶具有空心结构,粒径为20～30nm,且壁厚均匀,约为3～5nm;在70℃下合成的CdS纳米晶为实心结构,粒径约为20nm,存在较严重的团聚现象.紫外-可见吸收光谱表明：空心CdS纳米晶的吸收波长与实心CdS纳米晶相比蓝移136.74nm,这表明其禁带宽度增大0.11eV.光致发光光谱表明：空心CdS纳米晶的表面缺陷态发射较实心CdS纳米晶有所增强,这是其存在内表面的结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that