基于电池循环寿命的纯电动汽车续驶里程估算

为了提高纯电动汽车的续驶里程估算精度,降低因电动汽车续驶里程估计不准确而出现的"里程焦虑",提出一种基于电池循环寿命的纯电动汽车续驶里程估算方法。首先,以纯电动汽车的整体性能分析为基础,将汽车续驶里程估算中电池循环使用时长问题,通过卡尔曼滤波算法转化为代价函数逼近最小值问题,确定电池循环使用寿命。其次,通过计算电池组剩余能量和已行驶里程,计算出纯电动汽车单位里程能耗;最后,计算出纯电动汽车循环工况续驶里程。实验结果表明,采用该方法对纯电动汽车续驶里程进行估算准确性较高,估算误差最低为2. 5%,提高了对纯电动汽车续驶里程的估算精度。     

电动汽车购买意愿的离散选择分析

探索了消费者对电动汽车购买选择行为的影响因素.研究采用意向调查方法,通过设置电动汽车的不同属性(价格、补贴政策、续航里程和充电方式)和水平来获取郑州市民购买电动汽车意愿的行为数据.应用离散选择模型,分析意向数据,建立电动汽车购买意愿的二元logit模型.研究发现:电动汽车的购买价格、政府补贴、续航里程和充电方式均是影响消费者购买的重要因素;男性消费者更容易接受电动汽车;年龄越大的消费者选择电动汽车的倾向越大;驾龄为0~4年的人群较之驾龄为4年以上的人群,选择电动汽车的概率较小;注重电动汽车性能的消费者选择电动汽车的态度更为保守.     

基于行驶工况的纯电动汽车能量消耗实验研究

针对不同行驶工况下纯电动汽车电能量消耗差异较大的问题,以某款纯电动汽车为研究对象,通过纯电动汽车电能量消耗实验,研究了纯电动汽车电能量消耗与其行驶工况和电能量控制方法之间的关系。分析了纯电动汽车在NEDC、Jap1015和FTP75实验工况中的电能量消耗及其控制方法。讨论了行驶工况特征参数和电能量动态控制方法与纯电动汽车电能量消耗之间的作用关系。结果表明:不同行驶工况的整车电能量消耗并不是随着行驶里程增加而增加,其主要影响因素是纯电动汽车电能量动态控制方法;当采用基于单位里程瞬时能耗的电能量动态控制方法对NEDC前部工况的三个加速阶段进行控制时,将使纯电动汽车单位里程平均能耗分别降低9.4%、18.61%、19.19%。     

基于行驶工况的纯电动汽车能量消耗的实验研究

针对不同行驶工况下纯电动汽车电能量消耗差异较大的问题,以某款纯电动汽车为研究对象,通过纯电动汽车电能量消耗实验,研究了纯电动汽车电能量消耗与其行驶工况和电能量控制方法之间的关系。分析了纯电动汽车在NEDC、Jap1015和FTP75实验工况中的电能量消耗及其控制方法。讨论了行驶工况特征参数和电能量动态控制方法与纯电动汽车电能量消耗之间的作用关系。结果表明:不同行驶工况的整车电能量消耗并不是随着行驶里程增加而增加,其主要影响因素是纯电动汽车电能量动态控制方法;当采用基于单位里程瞬时能耗的电能量动态控制方法对NEDC前部工况的三个加速阶段进行控制时,将使纯电动汽车单位里程平均能耗分别降低9.4%、18.61%、19.19%。     

汽车制造瞄准复合动力

在理论上,汽车可以有多种动力组合,但实际采用最多并且效果最好的只有一种:内燃机 电动机模式(简称HEV)。它同时配备一台小型内燃机和一台发电机以给蓄电池充电,从而可以延长汽车的续航里程。复合动力汽车弥补了纯电动汽车的一个重要不足,即一次充电续航里程太短,目前一般纯电动汽车一次充电仅可行驶130公     

考虑心理潜变量及异质性的电动汽车联合充电选择行为研究

为深入剖析电动汽车用户联合充电方式和充电地点的选择行为,揭示用户心理潜变量、社会经济属性及充电属性对其联合充电选择行为的共同影响,文章基于上海市电动汽车用户的实证调查数据进行分析研究,构建考虑心理潜变量的混合选择模型剖析联合充电选择行为的决策机理。分析结果表明：风险规避态度、里程焦虑及充电习惯均对联合充电选择存在显著影响;混合选择模型的拟合度明显优于混合Logit模型;日出行距离、充电费用、停车政策等属性在模型估计中表现出异质性。对用户联合充电方式和充电地点的选择行为预测结果表明,混合选择模型的预测值与实际调查数据的误差在5%以内,混合选择模型具有更高的预测能力和解释能力。该文研究结果可为充电需求预测及充电管理策略提供一定的理论依据。     

混合电动汽车子系统开发方法的研究

由于混合电动汽车可具有节能、环保、可多次充电以及续驶里程长等多种特点，目前混合电动汽车取代纯电动汽车巳成为各国汽车业发展的热点，根据作者研制串联式混合电动汽车的实践，从各个子系统及相互之间的匹配出发，针对混合电动汽车独特的行驶特征和工况变化，详细介绍了混合电动汽车的开发设计方法，并且为后期优化车辆的燃油经济性和排放建立了可靠的数学模型；最后给出了样车油耗和排放的测试结果，并与同型号汽车以及欧Ⅲ标准进行了对照比较。     

纯电动汽车能耗经济性评价体系初步探讨

以纯电动汽车长期运行试验为基础,对电动汽车能耗经济性的合理评价方法进行了研究,总结了续驶里程、单位里程容耗、单位里程能耗等纯电动汽车常用的能耗经济性评价参数,比较了不同参数评价的优劣,提出了能量利用率作为纯电动汽车能耗经济性和动力性综合评价参数,并对不同车型进行了能量利用率计算与分析.对纯电动汽车能耗经济性评价的参数体系及不同车型间能耗经济性比较的参数标准进行了初步探讨.     

基于分时电价的小区电动汽车有序充电策略研究

随着电动汽车的研究和使用逐步得到完善,按照当前电网的负荷运行能力,大量的充电负荷随机接入电网必然会对电网造成很大的影响,给配电网的运行带来巨大挑战。为了减小电动汽车充电给配电网带来的影响,考虑提高电网利用效率、经济性充电、避峰填谷等因素,本文分析电动汽车的充电方式、用户出行习惯、开始充电时刻以及日行驶里程等,建立小区充电负荷模型,在保证小区变压器安全运行的条件下,基于峰谷电价分时电价构建以用户充电费用最小为目标函数,满足小区电动汽车用户的充电需求。最后,运用蒙特卡洛法(Monte Carlo method)进行算例仿真和分析验证。     

工作场所光伏电动汽车充电站可行性研究

基于某工厂员工的电动汽车使用数据,分析了员工上下班出行行为及电动汽车电量分布情况,使用蒙特卡洛模拟方法仿真了100辆电动汽车的出行及充电行为.设计搭建了光伏电动汽车充电站仿真平台用于对电站进行评估分析.基于仿真数据,使用粒子群算法对工作场所建设电站进行了系统方案设计和可行性研究.结果表明,模拟数据能很好地描述员工出行和充电行为,设计的光伏充电站系统能够基本满足员工充电需求,从而促进工厂的可持续化发展并节约成本.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that