搅拌摩擦焊接Cu-Al接头组织及焊缝质量分析

利用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对纯铝和T2紫铜进行对接焊接时,为了获得最优工艺参数,提高焊缝质量,本研究采用不同固定位置、不同转速和不同偏移量下,Cu-Al异种材料FSW对接焊接的工艺过程。结果表明:当Cu板固定在前进侧时,在搅拌头旋转速度为1 000 r/min、焊接速度为100 mm/min、偏向铝侧2 mm的工艺参数下,可以获得高质量焊缝,焊接工艺参数与焊缝表面形貌、力学性能和微观组织以及焊缝质量密切相关。该工艺参数下焊缝的强度、硬度等力学性能基本接近于母材。通过对本研究焊缝微观组织的分析发现,焊核区晶粒发生动态再结晶并获得细化的等轴组织,热机影响区受搅拌头作用扭曲变形,晶粒沿塑材流动方向纤维化,热影响区受温度梯度影响较母材区晶粒粗大化。     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对超薄铝合金板/高强钢搭接焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用复合式搅拌头对0.7 mm厚6010铝合金板和2.0 mm厚DP600钢板进行搅拌摩擦搭接焊,在不磨损搅拌头的同时获得了性能优良的焊接接头。研究了不同焊接工艺参数对铝合金/高强钢焊接接头界面结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在搅拌针未进入钢板的情况下,顶锻力是搅拌摩擦焊过程中的关键参数,存在一个实现铝合金/高强钢异种材料搅拌摩擦搭接焊的最小顶锻力。在恒定顶锻力5.0 kN,转速1 200 r/min的焊接条件下得到了最佳性能的焊接接头,拉伸强度达到260 MPa,且断裂发生在铝合金母材区。铝合金/高强钢界面存在一层厚2.0 μm的过渡层。     

循环热处理及形变对TC17钛合金片层组织球化和取向的影响

将循环热处理与形变相结合,利用电子背散射衍射等手段探究该工艺对TC17钛合金片层组织球化和取向的影响.结果表明:TC17钛合金在两相区进行单纯的循环热处理其片层组织球化程度有限,而经过循环热处理+压缩变形后,其魏氏组织消失,片层α相得到明显球化,但是其取向均匀性仍没发生较大变化.此外,变形中两相的再结晶速度及其强韧性导致了两相取向的差异性.α相的再结晶速度快于β相,在变形过程中,α相的各向异性首先降低;另一方面,由于α相比β相硬度高,热变形过程中,α相的变形程度小于β相,应变主要集中在与α相邻近的较软的β相,从而导致α相的取向均匀性高于β相.     

紫铜的搅拌摩擦焊工艺与接头性能分析

搅拌摩擦焊是一种新型固相塑性连接方法,它的出现为铜的焊接提供了一种新的工艺.对紫铜的搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行了研究,通过工艺试验,对其焊缝成形、接头组织形态及其力学性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接紫铜时应选用搅拌头旋转速度在400~700 r/min,焊接速度为35~60 mm/min;从显微组织角度,由于接头主要发生了动态再结晶,焊接接头没有热力影响区,而是三个区,即焊核区、热影响区、母材区.研究还发现用搅拌摩擦焊得到的铜接头出现了明显的软化现象,接头的机械性能比母材低,但比熔化焊得到的接头性能要高,其平均抗拉强度可达到母材的80%.     

焊接工艺对6082-T6铝合金FSW接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、硬度和室温拉伸等方法,研究焊接工艺对厚度为5 mm的6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织与力学性能的影响。研究结果表明:在相同焊接速度下,随着搅拌针旋转速度的增加,焊核区(NZ)晶粒长大,再结晶程度提高,第二相数量增多且分布更均匀,焊核区的硬度增加;而热影响区(HAZ)晶粒长大、第二相粗化,硬度严重下降。低旋转速度时,硬度最低值位于焊核区和热机影响区(TMAZ)之间,接头硬度分布曲线呈"U"形,高旋转速度时,焊核区硬度较高,热影响区严重软化,其硬度低于焊核区,接头硬度分布曲线呈"W"形。随着旋转速度的增加,低旋转速度组FSW接头抗拉强度逐步增高,高旋转速度组FSW接头抗拉强度先增高,后降低。当旋转速度为1 400 r/min时,FSW接头抗拉强度最好,为271.63 MPa,焊接系数达到82.12%。     

蠕变时效对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能与微观组织的影响

为了研究蠕变应力作用下的时效热处理对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能与微观组织的影响,对蠕变时效与人工时效2种不同热处理工艺板材的搅拌摩擦焊接进行对比实验.研究结果表明:相比于人工时效板材的搅拌摩擦焊(AA+FSW)接头,蠕变时效板材搅拌摩擦焊(CA+FSW)接头的显微硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率均更高;CA+FSW板材...     

二次退火时间对TNM合金微观组织和硬度的影响

研究了TNM(Ti-Al-Nb-Mo)合金中热处理条件与显微组织、力学性能的关联.将合金样品先在1 270℃下退火后,再分别于800℃保温500、1 000和2 000 h.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和显微硬度计分析了具有不同二次退火时间样品的物相、微观形貌及显微硬度的变化.结果表明:随着退火时间的延长,(α2+γ)层片团边界逐渐粗化,界面处出现更多的βo和γ组成的网络状组织;同时在α2层片内出现更多的纳米级βo颗粒,使单个α2层片中出现α2/βo/α2结构.由于βo颗粒的硬度较大,且层片内的α2/βo界面可以阻碍位错的运动,所以TNM合金的硬度随着二次退火时间的延长而有所提高.     

基材类型对钛合金电子束熔丝沉积成形的组织与硬度的影响

采用TC4钛合金焊丝,在α钛合金、α+β钛合金和β钛合金表面进行电子束熔丝沉积增材成形试验,研究了异种材料增材成形时基材对成形层及附近材料的显微组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明:成形层的宏观组织均是沿成形高度方向外延生长的粗大柱状晶,基材类型对柱状晶的尺寸有较大影响,TB5为基材时柱状晶尺寸较小;成形层的微观组织为典型的网篮组织,但以TA3为基材的成形层中α片层较为粗大且无马氏体α’相,以TC4为基材的成形层中片层α相的尺寸较小,而以TB5为基材的成形层中有α’相析出,且越靠近基材,α’相的尺寸越小,数量越多。在基材原表面附近的基材内部有一层过渡区域,其中部分金属在成形过程中被熔化。熔化区尺寸与基材类型有关,以TA3为基材时熔化区最小;过渡区内材料的硬度发生明显变化,尤其是以TB5合金作为基材、表面沉积TC4合金时,该区域的显微硬度高于TB5和TC4合金的硬度。研究表明,基材的热物理性能对成形过程中热传导的影响、合金元素含量对材料组织转变的影响,是过渡区域内熔化区尺寸、成形层与过渡层中组织与硬度变化的主要影响因素。     

预热与焊后回火对铸钢基体双金属梯度堆焊锻模堆焊层组织与性能的影响

为解决大型锻模的高成本、低寿命等问题,提出铸钢基体表面堆焊制备大型液压机用锻模新方法,针对其中的焊前预热与焊后回火工艺,将有限元分析与试验分析相结合,研究预热温度与焊后回火对堆焊层组织与力学性能的影响机理。研究结果表明:常温堆焊时,堆焊熔合区组织为马氏体+碳化物+残留奥氏体;随着预热温度的升高,冷却时间不断延长,组织呈现马氏体→贝氏体→珠光体转变趋势,显微硬度逐渐降低;当预热温度为400℃时,熔合区组织为铁素体+珠光体;焊后550℃/2 h回火后,堆焊层及热影响区硬度下降,基体中析出大量碳化物,堆焊层冲击韧性显著提高,断裂方式以韧窝断裂为主,母材性能在回火后无明显变化,说明预热与焊后热处理使堆焊层获得了较好的综合力学性能。     

7055铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织与力学性能

利用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、室温拉伸和硬度测试等方法,研究1.8 mm厚7055铝合金板材搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织和力学性能。研究结果表明:焊接头的抗拉强度和伸长率分别约为母材的63%和32%;接头区硬度曲线呈W形,硬度最低值出现在前进侧热机影响区附近。焊核区和热机影响区都观察到细小等轴再结晶组织,晶内可观察到较粗大的η相;热影响区的晶粒组织与母材的类似,但晶内的η′沉淀强化相粗化。根据这些区域的微观组织特征揭示了焊接头硬度和拉伸强度的下降的原因。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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